{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:27:48Z","timestamp":1790746068051,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8666-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T07:13:00Z","timestamp":1516345980000},"page":"131-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Cutaneous Granulomatosis: a Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5004-5029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetta","family":"Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Mainetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Astrid","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Laffitte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"8666_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.04.012","volume":"32","author":"A Lo Schiavo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lo Schiavo A, Ruocco E, Gambardella A, O\u2019Leary RE, Gee S (2014) Granulomatous dysimmune reactions (sarcoidosis, granuloma annulare, and others) on differently injured skin areas. Clin Dermatol 32(5):646\u2013653. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.04.012","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13662","volume":"44","author":"J Asai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Asai J (2017) What is new in the histogenesis of granulomatous skin diseases? J Dermatol 44(3):297\u2013303. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.13662","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"900","key":"8666_CR3","first-page":"902","volume":"5","author":"A-K Lapointe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lapointe A-K, Laffitte E (2009) Disseminated cutaneous granulomatosis. Rev Med Suisse 5(900):902\u2013906","journal-title":"Rev Med Suisse"},{"key":"8666_CR4","unstructured":"Masson E Granulomes cutan\u00e9s non infectieux. In: EM-Consulte. \n                    http:\/\/www.em-consulte.com\/article\/195548\/granulomes-cutanes-non-infectieux\n                    \n                  . Accessed 16 Nov 2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"8666_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh186","volume":"17","author":"K Takeda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Takeda K, Akira S (2005) Toll-like receptors in innate immunity. Int Immunol 17(1):1\u201314. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/intimm\/dxh186","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"8666_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14.12.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im1412s109","volume":"109","author":"K Takeda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Takeda K, Akira S (2015) Toll-like receptors. Curr Protoc Immunol 109:14.12.1\u201314.1210. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/0471142735.im1412s109","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Immunol"},{"key":"8666_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00010","volume":"4","author":"T Ito","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ito T, Connett JM, Kunkel SL, Matsukawa A (2013) The linkage of innate and adaptive immune response during granulomatous development. Front Immunol 4:10. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00010","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4133","volume":"229","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mantovani A, Biswas SK, Galdiero MR, Sica A, Locati M (2013) Macrophage plasticity and polarization in tissue repair and remodelling. J Pathol 229(2):176\u2013185. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.4133","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"8666_CR9","first-page":"183","volume":"24","author":"DL Boros","year":"1978","unstructured":"Boros DL (1978) Granulomatous inflammations. Prog Allergy 24:183\u2013267","journal-title":"Prog Allergy"},{"key":"8666_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00345","volume":"4","author":"DL Boros","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boros DL (2013) New perspectives on ancient granulomas. Front Immunol 4:345. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00345","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8666_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.05.006","volume":"3","author":"J Pieters","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pieters J (2008) Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the macrophage: maintaining a balance. Cell Host Microbe 3(6):399\u2013407. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2008.05.006","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10776","volume":"48","author":"PA Hessian","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hessian PA, Highton J, Kean A, Sun CK, Chin M (2003) Cytokine profile of the rheumatoid nodule suggests that it is a Th1 granuloma. Arthritis Rheum 48(2):334\u2013338. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.10776","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"8666_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903332","volume":"184","author":"Y Okamoto Yoshida","year":"2010","unstructured":"Okamoto Yoshida Y, Umemura M, Yahagi A, O\u2019Brien RL, Ikuta K, Kishihara K, Hara H, Nakae S, Iwakura Y, Matsuzaki G (2010) Essential role of IL-17A in the formation of a mycobacterial infection-induced granuloma in the lung. J Immunol Baltim Md 1950 184(8):4414\u20134422. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.0903332","journal-title":"J Immunol Baltim Md 1950"},{"issue":"12","key":"8666_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2199","volume":"7","author":"RM Anthony","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anthony RM, Rutitzky LI, Urban JF, Stadecker MJ, Gause WC (2007) Protective immune mechanisms in helminth infection. Nat Rev Immunol 7(12):975\u2013987. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri2199","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70080-2","volume":"16","author":"SJ Friedman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Friedman SJ, Winkelmann RK (1987) Familial granuloma annulare. Report of two cases and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 16(3):600\u2013605. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70080-2","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8666_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.92","volume":"145","author":"KA Knoell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knoell KA (2009) Efficacy of adalimumab in the treatment of generalized granuloma annulare in monozygotic twins carrying the 8.1 ancestral haplotype. Arch Dermatol 145(5):610\u2013611. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.92","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.054","volume":"75","author":"EW Piette","year":"2016","unstructured":"Piette EW, Rosenbach M (2016) Granuloma annulare: clinical and histologic variants, epidemiology, and genetics. J Am Acad Dermatol 75(3):457\u2013465. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.054","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.08.023","volume":"68","author":"E Avitan-Hersh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Avitan-Hersh E, Sprecher H, Ramon M, Bergman R (2013) Does infection play a role in the pathogenesis of granuloma annulare? J Am Acad Dermatol 68(2):342\u2013343. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.08.023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.055","volume":"75","author":"EW Piette","year":"2016","unstructured":"Piette EW, Rosenbach M (2016) Granuloma annulare: pathogenesis, disease associations and triggers, and therapeutic options. J Am Acad Dermatol 75(3):467\u2013479. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.055","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2011-0643-OA","volume":"137","author":"R Kapoor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kapoor R, Piris A, Saavedra AP, Duncan LM, Nazarian RM (2013) Wolf isotopic response manifesting as postherpetic granuloma annulare: a case series. Arch Pathol Lab Med 137(2):255\u2013258. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/arpa.2011-0643-OA","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"8666_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-016-0448-0","volume":"65","author":"B Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Guillod C, Marsteller I, Blum R, Mazzucchelli L, Mondino C, Invernizzi P, Gershwin ME, Mainetti C (2017) Primary biliary cholangitis associated with skin disorders: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Immunol Ther Exp 65(4):299\u2013309. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00005-016-0448-0","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8649-9","volume":"53","author":"B Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Invernizzi P, Gershwin ME, Mainetti C (2017) Skin manifestations associated with autoimmune liver diseases: a systematic review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 53(3):394\u2013412. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-017-8649-9","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"8666_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.1381","volume":"148","author":"W Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu W, Robinson-Bostom L, Kokkotou E, Jung HY, Kroumpouzos G (2012) Dyslipidemia in granuloma annulare: a case-control study. Arch Dermatol 148(10):1131\u20131136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.1381","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8666_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2015.01.004","volume":"106","author":"J Marcoval","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marcoval J, G\u00f3mez-Armayones S, Valent\u00ed-Medina F, Bonfill-Ort\u00ed M, Mart\u00ednez-Molina L (2015) Necrobiosis lipoidica: a descriptive study of 35 cases. Actas Dermosifiliogr 106(5):402\u2013407. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ad.2015.01.004","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1966.01600210008002","volume":"93","author":"SA Muller","year":"1966","unstructured":"Muller SA, Winkelmann RK (1966) Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum. A clinical and pathological investigation of 171 cases. Arch Dermatol 93(3):272\u2013281. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archderm.1966.01600210008002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02663.x","volume":"140","author":"EA O\u2019Toole","year":"1999","unstructured":"O\u2019Toole EA, Kennedy U, Nolan JJ et al (1999) Necrobiosis lipoidica: only a minority of patients have diabetes mellitus. Br J Dermatol 140(2):283\u2013286. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02663.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8666_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.98023","volume":"16","author":"SK Kota","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kota SK, Jammula S, Kota SK et al (2012) Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum: a case-based review of literature. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 16(4):614\u2013620. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2230-8210.98023","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"8666_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.05.034","volume":"69","author":"SD Reid","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reid SD, Ladizinski B, Lee K, Baibergenova A, Alavi A (2013) Update on necrobiosis lipoidica: a review of etiology, diagnosis, and treatment options. J Am Acad Dermatol 69(5):783\u2013791. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.05.034","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"8666_CR29","first-page":"581","volume":"44","author":"B Boateng","year":"1993","unstructured":"Boateng B, Hiller D, Albrecht HP, Hornstein OP (1993) Cutaneous microcirculation in pretibial necrobiosis lipoidica. Comparative laser Doppler flowmetry and oxygen partial pressure determinations in patients and healthy probands. Hautarzt Z Dermatol Venerol Verwandte Geb 44:581\u2013586","journal-title":"Hautarzt Z Dermatol Venerol Verwandte Geb"},{"issue":"4","key":"8666_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03549.x","volume":"47","author":"B Ngo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ngo B, Wigington G, Hayes K, Huerter C, Hillman B, Adler M, Rendell M (2008) Skin blood flow in necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum. Int J Dermatol 47(4):354\u2013358. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03549.x","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8666_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2001.028006287.x","volume":"28","author":"C Holland","year":"2001","unstructured":"Holland C, Givens V, Smoller BR (2001) Expression of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter Glut-1 in areas of sclerotic collagen in necrobiosis lipoidica. J Cutan Pathol 28(6):287\u2013290. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2001.028006287.x","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8666_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1502","volume":"93","author":"C Wakusawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wakusawa C, Fujimura T, Kambayashi Y, Furudate S, Hashimoto A, Aiba S (2013) Pigmented necrobiosis lipoidica accompanied by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus induces CD163+ proinflammatory macrophages and interleukin-17-producing cells. Acta Derm Venereol 93(4):475\u2013476. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/00015555-1502","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8632-5","volume":"53","author":"CJ Chua-Aguilera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chua-Aguilera CJ, M\u00f6ller B, Yawalkar N (2017) Skin manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and spondyloarthritides. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 53(3):371\u2013393. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-017-8632-5","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"8666_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03517.x","volume":"24","author":"MM Ali","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ali MM, Atwan AA, Gonzalez ML (2010) Cutaneous sarcoidosis: updates in the pathogenesis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV 24(7):747\u2013755. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03517.x","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV"},{"issue":"6","key":"8666_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.95.6.1257","volume":"95","author":"Y Ina","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ina Y, Takada K, Yamamoto M, Morishita M, Senda Y, Torii Y (1989) HLA and sarcoidosis in the Japanese. Chest 95(6):1257\u20131261. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.95.6.1257","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"8666_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1997.44","volume":"11","author":"M Ishihara","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ishihara M, Ohno S (1997) Genetic influences on sarcoidosis. Eye Lond Engl 11(Pt 2):155\u2013161. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.1997.44","journal-title":"Eye Lond Engl"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000155711.88781.91","volume":"47","author":"J Barnard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barnard J, Rose C, Newman L, Canner M, Martyny J, McCammon C, Bresnitz E, Rossman M, Thompson B, Rybicki B, Weinberger SE, Moller DR, McLennan G, Hunninghake G, DePalo L, Baughman RP, Iannuzzi MC, Judson MA, Knatterud GL, Teirstein AS, Yeager H Jr, Johns CJ, Rabin DL, Cherniack R, ACCESS Research Group (2005) Job and industry classifications associated with sarcoidosis in A Case-Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis (ACCESS). J Occup Environ Med 47(3):226\u2013234. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.jom.0000155711.88781.91","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"8666_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9700-5","volume":"32","author":"KA Oswald-Richter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oswald-Richter KA, Beachboard DC, Seeley EH, Abraham S, Shepherd BE, Jenkins CA, Culver DA, Caprioli RM, Drake WP (2012) Dual analysis for mycobacteria and propionibacteria in sarcoidosis BAL. J Clin Immunol 32(5):1129\u20131140. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10875-012-9700-5","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8666_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2010-0433TR","volume":"45","author":"I Brownell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brownell I, Ram\u00edrez-Valle F, Sanchez M, Prystowsky S (2011) Evidence for mycobacteria in sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 45(5):899\u2013905. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/rcmb.2010-0433TR","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"8666_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935289","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/935289","volume":"2013","author":"Y Eishi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eishi Y (2013) Etiologic aspect of sarcoidosis as an allergic endogenous infection caused by Propionibacterium acnes. Biomed Res Int 2013:935289\u2013935218. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/935289","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"8666_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.06.017","volume":"66","author":"MA Judson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Judson MA, Marchell RM, Mascelli M et al (2012) Molecular profiling and gene expression analysis in cutaneous sarcoidosis: the role of interleukin-12, interleukin-23, and the T-helper 17 pathway. J Am Acad Dermatol 66(6):901\u2013910, 910.e1\u20132. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.06.017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"8666_CR42","first-page":"1773","volume":"19","author":"A Petroianni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petroianni A, Halili I, Lagalla M, Mougkaraki E, Terzano C (2015) Sarcoidosis at onset of psoriasis: a common immunopathogenesis. Review and case report. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 19(10):1773\u20131778","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2015.03.005","volume":"33","author":"M Rosenbach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosenbach M, English JC (2015) Reactive granulomatous dermatitis: a review of palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis, interstitial granulomatous dermatitis, interstitial granulomatous drug reaction, and a proposed reclassification. Dermatol Clin 33(3):373\u2013387. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2015.03.005","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"8666_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00411","volume":"3","author":"S Ehlers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ehlers S, Schaible UE (2012) The granuloma in tuberculosis: dynamics of a host-pathogen collusion. Front Immunol 3:411. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00411","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8666_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0388-2","volume":"35","author":"E Guirado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guirado E, Schlesinger LS, Kaplan G (2013) Macrophages in tuberculosis: friend or foe. Semin Immunopathol 35(5):563\u2013583. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-013-0388-2","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"8666_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2011.00043","volume":"2","author":"G Lugo-Villarino","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lugo-Villarino G, V\u00e9rollet C, Maridonneau-Parini I, Neyrolles O (2011) Macrophage polarization: convergence point targeted by mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV. Front Immunol 2:43. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2011.00043","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"8666_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00030","volume":"4","author":"CR Shaler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shaler CR, Horvath CN, Jeyanathan M, Xing Z (2013) Within the enemy\u2019s camp: contribution of the granuloma to the dissemination, persistence and transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 4:30. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00030","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8666_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2017.06.010","volume":"3","author":"JE Kalen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kalen JE, Shokeen D, Ramos-Caro F, Motaparthi K (2017) Palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis: spectrum of histologic findings in a single patient. JAAD Case Rep 3(5):425\u2013428. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdcr.2017.06.010","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"8666_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.7.946","volume":"143","author":"MV Dahl","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dahl MV (2007) Granuloma annulare: long-term follow-up. Arch Dermatol 143(7):946\u2013947. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archderm.143.7.946","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200304000-00004","volume":"25","author":"A Li","year":"2003","unstructured":"Li A, Hogan DJ, Sanusi ID, Smoller BR (2003) Granuloma annulare and malignant neoplasms. Am J Dermatopathol 25(2):113\u2013116. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000372-200304000-00004","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2007.02.004","volume":"26","author":"J Peyr\u00ed","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peyr\u00ed J, Moreno A, Marcoval J (2007) Necrobiosis lipoidica. Semin Cutan Med Surg 26(2):87\u201389. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sder.2007.02.004","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"8666_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.01.028","volume":"66","author":"RM Bakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bakos RM, Cartell A, Bakos L (2012) Dermatoscopy of early-onset necrobiosis lipoidica. J Am Acad Dermatol 66(4):e143\u2013e144. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.01.028","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"8666_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00487.x","volume":"33","author":"C Lim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lim C, Tschuchnigg M, Lim J (2006) Squamous cell carcinoma arising in an area of long-standing necrobiosis lipoidica. J Cutan Pathol 33(8):581\u2013583. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00487.x","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"8666_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13610","volume":"56","author":"BD Mistry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mistry BD, Alavi A, Ali S, Mistry N (2017) A systematic review of the relationship between glycemic control and necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum in patients with diabetes mellitus. Int J Dermatol 56(12):1319\u20131327. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.13610","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13186","volume":"15","author":"M Peckruhn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peckruhn M, Tittelbach J, Elsner P (2017) Update: treatment of necrobiosis lipoidica. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges J Ger Soc Dermatol JDDG 15(2):151\u2013157. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddg.13186","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges J Ger Soc Dermatol JDDG"},{"issue":"1","key":"8666_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.1.118","volume":"144","author":"F Durupt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Durupt F, Dalle S, Debarbieux S, Balme B, Ronger S, Thomas L (2008) Successful treatment of necrobiosis lipoidica with antimalarial agents. Arch Dermatol 144(1):118\u2013119. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archderm.144.1.118","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8666_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0757","volume":"90","author":"FC Eberle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eberle FC, Ghoreschi K, Hertl M (2010) Fumaric acid esters in severe ulcerative necrobiosis lipoidica: a case report and evaluation of current therapies. Acta Derm Venereol 90(1):104\u2013106. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/00015555-0757","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8666_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1159\/000074133","volume":"207","author":"T Gambichler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gambichler T, Kreuter A, Freitag M, Pawlak FM, Brockmeyer NH, Altmeyer P (2003) Clearance of necrobiosis lipoidica with fumaric acid esters. Dermatol Basel Switz 207(4):422\u2013424. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000074133","journal-title":"Dermatol Basel Switz"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.07.023","volume":"53","author":"A Sayah","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sayah A, English JC (2005) Rheumatoid arthritis: a review of the cutaneous manifestations. J Am Acad Dermatol 53(2):191\u2013209; quiz 210-212. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.07.023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"8666_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1982.tb02037.x","volume":"21","author":"WL Sibbitt","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sibbitt WL, Williams RC (1982) Cutaneous manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Dermatol 21(10):563\u2013572. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1982.tb02037.x","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2015.03.014","volume":"33","author":"AM Molina-Ruiz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Molina-Ruiz AM, Requena L (2015) Foreign body granulomas. Dermatol Clin 33(3):497\u2013523. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2015.03.014","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"8666_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alc\u00e2ntara CEP, Noronha MS, Cunha JF, Flores IL, Mesquita RA (2017) Granulomatous reaction to hyaluronic acid filler material in oral and perioral region: a case report and review of literature. J Cosmet Dermatol. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.12374","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12374"},{"issue":"5","key":"8666_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-013-0043-7","volume":"14","author":"JA Ledon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ledon JA, Savas JA, Yang S, Franca K, Camacho I, Nouri K (2013) Inflammatory nodules following soft tissue filler use: a review of causative agents, pathology and treatment options. Am J Clin Dermatol 14(5):401\u2013411. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-013-0043-7","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/1369378031000137224","volume":"41","author":"JC Christianson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Christianson JC, Engber W, Andes D (2003) Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Med Mycol 41(3):177\u2013188. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369378031000137224","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8666_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2014.12.006","volume":"95","author":"L Zyl van","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Zyl L, du Plessis J, Viljoen J (2015) Cutaneous tuberculosis overview and current treatment regimens. Tuberc Edinb Scotl 95(6):629\u2013638. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tube.2014.12.006","journal-title":"Tuberc Edinb Scotl"},{"key":"8666_CR66","first-page":"1244","volume":"79","author":"E Schmied","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schmied E, Schmied C, Mainetti C (1990) Cutaneous manifestations of tuberculosis. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax Rev Suisse Med Prax 79:1244\u20131249","journal-title":"Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax Rev Suisse Med Prax"},{"issue":"10","key":"8666_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.06.021","volume":"9","author":"A Oryan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oryan A, Akbari M (2016) Worldwide risk factors in leishmaniasis. Asian Pac J Trop Med 9(10):925\u2013932. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.06.021","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8666_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2658-4","volume":"17","author":"C Oliveira-Ribeiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oliveira-Ribeiro C, Pimentel MIF, De Oliveira RVC et al (2017) Clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with early spontaneous healing in cutaneous localized leishmaniasis: a historical cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 17(1):559. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-017-2658-4","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"8666_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-185R","volume":"90","author":"S Uzun","year":"2004","unstructured":"Uzun S, Durdu M, Culha G, Allahverdiyev AM, Memisoglu HR (2004) Clinical features, epidemiology, and efficacy and safety of intralesional antimony treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: recent experience in Turkey. J Parasitol 90(4):853\u2013859. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/GE-185R","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"8666_CR70","first-page":"280","volume":"73","author":"AK Negi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Negi AK, Sharma NL, Mahajan VK et al (2007) Comparative efficacy of intralesional sodium stibogluconate (SSG) alone and its combination with intramuscular SSG to treat localized cutaneous leishmaniasis: results of a pilot study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 73:280","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR71","first-page":"60","volume":"16","author":"A Munir","year":"2008","unstructured":"Munir A, Janjua SA, Hussain I (2008) Clinical efficacy of intramuscular meglumine antimoniate alone and in combination with intralesional meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of old world cutaneous leishmaniasis. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat ADC 16(2):60\u201364","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat ADC"},{"key":"8666_CR72","unstructured":"Treatment of Skin Disease - 4th Edition. \n                    https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/books\/treatment-of-skin-disease\/lebwohl\/978-0-7020-5235-4\n                    \n                  . Accessed 6 Dec 2017"},{"issue":"10","key":"8666_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12528","volume":"53","author":"RC Lamb","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lamb RC, Dawn G (2014) Cutaneous non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections. Int J Dermatol 53(10):1197\u20131204. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.12528","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6731","key":"8666_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6731.1069","volume":"300","author":"SF Gray","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gray SF, Smith RS, Reynolds NJ, Williams EW (1990) Fish tank granuloma. BMJ 300(6731):1069\u20131070. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.300.6731.1069","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"8666_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.01.024","volume":"66","author":"E Eberst","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eberst E, Dereure O, Guillot B, Trento C, Terru D, van de Perre P, Godreuil S (2012) Epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic pattern of Mycobacterium marinum infection: a retrospective series of 35 cases from southern France. J Am Acad Dermatol 66(1):e15\u2013e16. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.01.024","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"8666_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq146","volume":"49","author":"C Garzoni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garzoni C, Adler S, Boller C, Furrer H, Villiger PM (2010) Possible role of anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of Mycobacterium marinum infection. Rheumatol Oxf Engl 49(10):1991\u20131993. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq146","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"issue":"15","key":"8666_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.15.1746","volume":"162","author":"A Aubry","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aubry A, Chosidow O, Caumes E, Robert J, Cambau E (2002) Sixty-three cases of Mycobacterium marinum infection: clinical features, treatment, and antibiotic susceptibility of causative isolates. Arch Intern Med 162(15):1746\u20131752. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.162.15.1746","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"8666_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.10.1287","volume":"142","author":"DZ Uslan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Uslan DZ, Kowalski TJ, Wengenack NL, Virk A, Wilson JW (2006) Skin and soft tissue infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria: comparison of clinical features, treatment, and susceptibility. Arch Dermatol 142(10):1287\u20131292. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archderm.142.10.1287","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.03.034","volume":"62","author":"LA Drage","year":"2010","unstructured":"Drage LA, Ecker PM, Orenstein R, Phillips PK, Edson RS (2010) An outbreak of Mycobacterium chelonae infections in tattoos. J Am Acad Dermatol 62(3):501\u2013506. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.03.034","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8666_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00196-09","volume":"47","author":"A Carbonne","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carbonne A, Brossier F, Arnaud I, Bougmiza I, Caumes E, Meningaud JP, Dubrou S, Jarlier V, Cambau E, Astagneau P (2009) Outbreak of nontuberculous mycobacterial subcutaneous infections related to multiple mesotherapy injections. J Clin Microbiol 47(6):1961\u20131964. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00196-09","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8666_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2007.09.037","volume":"29","author":"M Gousseff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gousseff M, Mecha\u00ef F, Lecuit M, Lortholary O (2008) Systemic granulomatosis of infectious origin. Rev Med Interne 29(1):15\u201327. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revmed.2007.09.037","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"issue":"8839","key":"8666_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90101-L","volume":"341","author":"K Degitz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Degitz K, Steidl M, Thomas P, Plewig G, Volkenandt M (1993) Aetiology of tuberculids. Lancet Lond Engl 341(8839):239\u2013240. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90101-L","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"8666_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"WD03","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/10751.5524","volume":"9","author":"V Gupta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gupta V (2015) Papulonecrotic tuberculid with scrofuloderma: an uncommon association. J Clin Diagn Res JCDR 9:WD03\u2013WD04. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/10751.5524","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res JCDR"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8617-4","volume":"53","author":"T Greuter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Greuter T, Navarini A, Vavricka SR (2017) Skin manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 53(3):413\u2013427. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-017-8617-4","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8666_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-014-0079-3","volume":"15","author":"KA Wanat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wanat KA, Rosenbach M (2014) A practical approach to cutaneous sarcoidosis. Am J Clin Dermatol 15(4):283\u2013297. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-014-0079-3","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"8666_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1007\/s00105-017-4005-5","volume":"68","author":"T Giner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giner T, Benoit S, Kneitz H, Goebeler M (2017) Sarcoidosis: dermatological view of a rare multisystem disease. Hautarzt Z Dermatol Venerol Verwandte Geb 68(7):526\u2013535. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00105-017-4005-5","journal-title":"Hautarzt Z Dermatol Venerol Verwandte Geb"},{"issue":"6","key":"8666_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200607060-00006","volume":"7","author":"G Tchernev","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tchernev G (2006) Cutaneous sarcoidosis: the \u201cgreat imitator\u201d: etiopathogenesis, morphology, differential diagnosis, and clinical management. Am J Clin Dermatol 7(6):375\u2013382. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00128071-200607060-00006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03396.x","volume":"24","author":"G Tchernev","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tchernev G, Patterson JW, Nenoff P, Horn LC (2010) Sarcoidosis of the skin\u2014a dermatological puzzle: important differential diagnostic aspects and guidelines for clinical and histopathological recognition. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV 24(2):125\u2013137. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03396.x","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV"},{"issue":"5","key":"8666_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.11.965","volume":"66","author":"A Haimovic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haimovic A, Sanchez M, Judson MA, Prystowsky S (2012) Sarcoidosis: a comprehensive review and update for the dermatologist: part I. Cutaneous disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 66(5):699.e1\u2013699.18; quiz 717-718. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.11.965","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8666_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2012.02.046","volume":"41","author":"J Ma\u00f1\u00e1","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ma\u00f1\u00e1 J, Marcoval J (2012) Skin manifestations of sarcoidosis. Presse Medicale Paris Fr 1983 41(6):e355\u2013e374. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lpm.2012.02.046","journal-title":"Presse Medicale Paris Fr 1983"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1985.tb04859.x","volume":"112","author":"MA Spiteri","year":"1985","unstructured":"Spiteri MA, Matthey F, Gordon T et al (1985) Lupus pernio: a clinico-radiological study of thirty-five cases. Br J Dermatol 112(3):315\u2013322. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1985.tb04859.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"8666_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2011.04128.x","volume":"36","author":"J Marcoval","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marcoval J, Ma\u00f1\u00e1 J, Rubio M (2011) Specific cutaneous lesions in patients with systemic sarcoidosis: relationship to severity and chronicity of disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 36(7):739\u2013744. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2011.04128.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70070-X","volume":"16","author":"NK Veien","year":"1987","unstructured":"Veien NK, Stahl D, Brodthagen H (1987) Cutaneous sarcoidosis in Caucasians. J Am Acad Dermatol 16(3):534\u2013540. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70070-X","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8666_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.06.068","volume":"66","author":"CR Heath","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heath CR, David J, Taylor SC (2012) Sarcoidosis: are there differences in your skin of color patients? J Am Acad Dermatol 66(1):121.e1\u2013121.14. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.06.068","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8666_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-970331","volume":"28","author":"BA Rybicki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rybicki BA, Iannuzzi MC (2007) Epidemiology of sarcoidosis: recent advances and future prospects. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 28(1):22\u201335. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-970331","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009096","volume":"145","author":"BA Rybicki","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rybicki BA, Major M, Popovich J, Maliank MJ, lannuzzi MC (1997) Racial differences in sarcoidosis incidence: a 5-year study in a health maintenance organization. Am J Epidemiol 145(3):234\u2013241. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009096","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8666_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2001.01151.x","volume":"40","author":"RJ Young","year":"2001","unstructured":"Young RJ, Gilson RT, Yanase D, Elston DM (2001) Cutaneous sarcoidosis. Int J Dermatol 40(4):249\u2013253. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2001.01151.x","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8666_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000236955.79966.07","volume":"85","author":"FC Aubart","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aubart FC, Ouayoun M, Brauner M, Attali P, Kambouchner M, Valeyre D, Nunes H (2006) Sinonasal involvement in sarcoidosis: a case-control study of 20 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 85(6):365\u2013371. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.md.0000236955.79966.07","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"8666_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8492-9","volume":"49","author":"RP Baughman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baughman RP, Lower EE (2015) Treatment of sarcoidosis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 49(1):79\u201392. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-015-8492-9","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.03.011","volume":"25","author":"RP Baughman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baughman RP, Lower EE (2007) Evidence-based therapy for cutaneous sarcoidosis. Clin Dermatol 25(3):334\u2013340. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.03.011","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8666_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05042.x","volume":"148","author":"DJ Kouba","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kouba DJ, Mimouni D, Rencic A, Nousari HC (2003) Mycophenolate mofetil may serve as a steroid-sparing agent for sarcoidosis. Br J Dermatol 148(1):147\u2013148. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05042.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1347","volume":"135","author":"E Stagaki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stagaki E, Mountford WK, Lackland DT, Judson MA (2009) The treatment of lupus pernio: results of 116 treatment courses in 54 patients. Chest 135(2):468\u2013476. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.08-1347","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"8666_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.137.1.69","volume":"137","author":"H Bachelez","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bachelez H, Senet P, Cadranel J, Kaoukhov A, Dubertret L (2001) The use of tetracyclines for the treatment of sarcoidosis. Arch Dermatol 137(1):69\u201373","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"8666_CR104","first-page":"289","volume":"32","author":"RP Baughman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baughman RP, Judson MA, Lower EE et al (2016) Infliximab for chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis: a subset analysis from a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis Off J WASOG 32:289\u2013295","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis Off J WASOG"},{"issue":"7","key":"8666_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.1162","volume":"153","author":"V Heidelberger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heidelberger V, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Marquet A, Mahevas M, Bessis D, Bouillet L, Caux F, Chapelon-Abric C, Debarbieux S, Delaporte E, Duval-Modeste AB, Fain O, Joly P, Marchand-Adam S, Monfort JB, No\u00ebl N, Passeron T, Ruivard M, Sarrot-Reynauld F, Verrot D, Bouvry D, Fardet L, Chosidow O, S\u00e8ve P, Valeyre D (2017) Efficacy and tolerance of anti-tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 agents in cutaneous sarcoidosis: a French study of 46 cases. JAMA Dermatol 153(7):681\u2013685. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.1162","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.301","volume":"148","author":"RP Baughman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baughman RP, Judson MA, Ingledue R, Craft NL, Lower EE (2012) Efficacy and safety of apremilast in chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis. Arch Dermatol 148(2):262\u2013264. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.301","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8666_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200405060-00003","volume":"5","author":"RP Baughman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baughman RP, Lower EE (2004) Newer therapies for cutaneous sarcoidosis: the role of thalidomide and other agents. Am J Clin Dermatol 5(6):385\u2013394. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00128071-200405060-00003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.07.006","volume":"50","author":"YT Nguyen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nguyen YT, Dupuy A, Cordoliani F, Vignon-Pennamen MD, Lebb\u00e9 C, Morel P, Rybojad M (2004) Treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis with thalidomide. J Am Acad Dermatol 50(2):235\u2013241. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.07.006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8666_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.10.048","volume":"70","author":"G Bohelay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bohelay G, Bouaziz J-D, Nunes H, Rybojad M, Bagot M, Petit A, Laroche L (2014) Striking leflunomide efficacy against refractory cutaneous sarcoidosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 70(5):e111\u2013e113. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.10.048","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8666_CR110","first-page":"35","volume":"8","author":"HL Israel","year":"1991","unstructured":"Israel HL, McComb BL (1991) Chlorambucil treatment of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis 8(1):35\u201341","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis"},{"key":"8666_CR111","first-page":"43","volume":"21","author":"RP Baughman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baughman RP, Lower EE (2004) Leflunomide for chronic sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis Off J WASOG 21:43\u201348","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis Off J WASOG"},{"key":"8666_CR112","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Clues to diagnosis in dermatopathology","author":"AB Ackerman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ackerman AB, Guo Y, Vitale PA, Vossaert K (1993) Clues to diagnosis in dermatopathology, vol 3. ASCP Press, Chicago, pp 309\u2013312"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.114577","volume":"45","author":"L Verneuil","year":"2001","unstructured":"Verneuil L, Dompmartin A, Comoz F, Pasquier CJ, Leroy D (2001) Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with cutaneous cords and arthritis: a disorder associated with autoantibodies. J Am Acad Dermatol 45(2):286\u2013291. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mjd.2001.114577","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"8666_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wu Y, Zheng Z, Bai Y, Cui Y (2017) Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. J Dermatol. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.13778","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13778"},{"issue":"9","key":"8666_CR115","first-page":"585","volume":"125","author":"C Schreckenberg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schreckenberg C, Asch PH, Sibilia J, Walter S, Lipsker D, Heid E, Grosshans E (1998) Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis and paraneoplastic rheumatoid polyarthritis disclosing cancer of the lung. Ann Dermatol Venereol 125(9):585\u2013588","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8666_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2015.03.015","volume":"33","author":"RP Dodiuk-Gad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dodiuk-Gad RP, Shear NH (2015) Granulomatous drug eruptions. Dermatol Clin 33(3):525\u2013539. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2015.03.015","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"8666_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200108000-00003","volume":"23","author":"C Perrin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Perrin C, Lacour JP, Castanet J, Michiels JF (2001) Interstitial granulomatous drug reaction with a histological pattern of interstitial granulomatous dermatitis. Am J Dermatopathol 23(4):295\u2013298. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000372-200108000-00003","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"8666_CR118","first-page":"137","volume":"1","author":"EK Gerbing","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gerbing EK, Metze D, Luger TA, St\u00e4nder S (2003) Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis without arthritis: successful therapy with hydroxychloroquine. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges J Ger Soc Dermatol JDDG 1:137\u2013141","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges J Ger Soc Dermatol JDDG"},{"issue":"2","key":"8666_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.2.198","volume":"142","author":"A Deng","year":"2006","unstructured":"Deng A, Harvey V, Sina B, Strobel D, Badros A, Junkins-Hopkins JM, Samuels A, Oghilikhan M, Gaspari A (2006) Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis associated with the use of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors. Arch Dermatol 142(2):198\u2013202. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archderm.142.2.198","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8666_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.341","volume":"148","author":"S Schanz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schanz S, Schmalzing M, Guenova E, Metzler G, Ulmer A, K\u00f6tter I, Fierlbeck G (2012) Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with arthritis responding to tocilizumab. Arch Dermatol 148(1):17\u201320. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.341","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12016-017-8666-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-017-8666-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-017-8666-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T20:37:23Z","timestamp":1547843843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12016-017-8666-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["8666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-017-8666-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-0549","1559-0267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-0549","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"When necessary, informed consent has been collected from patients.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}