{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T23:56:43Z","timestamp":1790121403788,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":274,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fellowship by Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad and Ministry of Education, Govt. of India"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-025-09110-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T23:22:18Z","timestamp":1762989738000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["COVID-19-associated Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and the Role of IVIG Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Sukanya","family":"Bordoloi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suraj C.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagadeesh","family":"Bayry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"9110_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/RAI2.12049","volume":"3","author":"H Ahsan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahsan H (2023) Origins and history of autoimmunity\u2014a brief review. Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 3:9\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/RAI2.12049","journal-title":"Rheumatology & Autoimmunity"},{"key":"9110_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2023.1267091","volume":"14","author":"Y Xiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiang Y, Zhang M, Jiang D et al (2023) The role of inflammation in autoimmune disease: a therapeutic target. Front Immunol 14:1267091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2023.1267091","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PGEN.1000024","volume":"4","author":"MMA Fernando","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fernando MMA, Stevens CR, Walsh EC (2008) Defining the role of the MHC in autoimmunity: a review and pooled analysis. PLoS Genet 4:e1000024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PGEN.1000024","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"9110_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/798029","volume":"2014","author":"A Vojdani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vojdani A, Pollard KM, Campbell AW (2014) Environmental triggers and autoimmunity. Autoimmune Dis 2014:798029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/798029","journal-title":"Autoimmune Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02097-2","volume":"9","author":"RS Fujinami","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fujinami RS (2001) Viruses and autoimmune disease - two sides of the same coin? Trends Microbiol 9:377\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02097-2","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"9110_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.3390\/V4123701","volume":"4","author":"A Lossius","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lossius A, Johansen JN, Torkildsen \u00d8 (2012) Epstein-Barr virus in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis\u2014association and causation. Viruses 4:3701\u20133730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/V4123701","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"9110_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MICPATH.2023.106031","volume":"177","author":"Z Khalesi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khalesi Z, Tamrchi V, Razizadeh MH (2023) Association between human herpesviruses and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 177:106031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MICPATH.2023.106031","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"9110_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1210\/ENDREV\/BNAD007","volume":"44","author":"A Carr\u00e9","year":"2023","unstructured":"Carr\u00e9 A, Vecchio F, Flodstr\u00f6m-Tullberg M et al (2023) Coxsackievirus and type 1 diabetes: diabetogenic mechanisms and implications for prevention. Endocr Rev 44:737\u2013751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/ENDREV\/BNAD007","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"9110_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2139607","volume":"2018","author":"V Sostre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sostre V, Patel HG, Mohamed A, Volfson A (2018) A case of acute autoimmune hepatitis superimposed on chronic hepatitis B infection. Case Rep Gastroenterol Med 2018:2139607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/2139607","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastroenterol Med"},{"key":"9110_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003551","volume":"95","author":"CS Hsu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hsu CS, Lang HC, Huang KY et al (2016) Association of rheumatoid arthritis and hepatitis B infection. Medicine (Baltimore) 95:e3551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000003551","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"12","key":"9110_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","volume":"25","author":"D Furman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E et al (2019) Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med 25(12):1822\u20131832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"9110_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0448-7","volume":"16","author":"C Galeotti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galeotti C, Bayry J (2020) Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases following COVID-19. Nat Rev Rheumatol 16(8):413\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41584-020-0448-7","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"9110_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/S41584-023-00964-Y","volume":"19","author":"C Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma C, Bayry J (2023) High risk of autoimmune diseases after COVID-19. Nat Rev Rheumatol 19:399\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41584-023-00964-Y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"9110_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/ALL.15593","volume":"78","author":"H Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang H, Sun Y, Wang Y et al (2022) Recent developments in the immunopathology of COVID-19. Allergy 78:369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ALL.15593","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"9110_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3592","DOI":"10.3390\/CELLS10123592","volume":"10","author":"AE Gracia-Ramos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gracia-Ramos AE, Martin-Nares E, Hern\u00e1ndez-Molina G (2021) New onset of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 diagnosis. Cells 10:3592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/CELLS10123592","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"9110_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBIH.2022.100578","volume":"28","author":"V Pimentel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pimentel V, Luchsinger VW, Carvalho GL et al (2023) Guillain-barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with COVID-19: a systematic review. Brain Behav Immun 28:100578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BBIH.2022.100578","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"9110_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.HELIYON.2022.E11328","volume":"8","author":"BO Putry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Putry BO, Khairunnisa N, Balga HM et al (2022) Can SARS-CoV-2 trigger new onset of autoimmune disease in adults? A case-based review. Heliyon 8:e11328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.HELIYON.2022.E11328","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"9110_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AUTREV.2023.103409","volume":"22","author":"JS Mar\u00edn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mar\u00edn JS, Mazenett-Granados EA, Salazar-Uribe JC et al (2023) Increased incidence of rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19. Autoimmun Rev 22:103409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AUTREV.2023.103409","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"9110_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101783","volume":"56","author":"R Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang R, Yen-Ting Chen T, Wang SI et al (2023) Risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 56:101783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101783","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"9110_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1186\/S12916-023-03049-5","volume":"21","author":"U Syed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Syed U, Subramanian A, Wraith DC et al (2023) Incidence of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases following COVID-19: a matched cohort study in UK primary care. BMC Med 21:363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12916-023-03049-5","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"9110_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3921","DOI":"10.1007\/S00277-024-05765-1","volume":"103","author":"R Ono","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ono R, Kitagawa I (2024) SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review of current reports. Ann Hematol 103:3921\u20133939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00277-024-05765-1","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"9110_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CYTO.2023.156287","volume":"169","author":"R Dharra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dharra R, Kumar Sharma A, Datta S (2023) Emerging aspects of cytokine storm in COVID-19: the role of proinflammatory cytokines and therapeutic prospects. Cytokine 169:156287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CYTO.2023.156287","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"9110_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CLIM.2022.109177","volume":"245","author":"M Alahdal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alahdal M, Elkord E (2022) Exhaustion and over-activation of immune cells in COVID-19: challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Immunol 245:109177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CLIM.2022.109177","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JMV.28538","volume":"95","author":"GC Baiocchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baiocchi GC, Vojdani A, Rosenberg AZ et al (2023) Cross-sectional analysis reveals autoantibody signatures associated with COVID-19 severity. J Med Virol 95:e28538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JMV.28538","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"9110_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2025.02.005","volume":"155","author":"S Talwar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Talwar S, Harker JA, Openshaw PJM, Thwaites RS (2025) Autoimmunity in long COVID. J Allergy Clin Immunol 155:1082\u20131094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2025.02.005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e210830","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2021.0830","volume":"4","author":"JK Logue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Logue JK, Franko NM, McCulloch DJ et al (2021) Sequelae in adults at 6 months after COVID-19 infection. JAMA Netw Open 4:e210830\u2013e210830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2021.0830","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"9110_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2023.8823","volume":"329","author":"T Thaweethai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thaweethai T, Jolley SE, Karlson EW et al (2023) Development of a definition of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. JAMA 329:1934\u20131946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.2023.8823","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"9110_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2020.10369","volume":"324","author":"E Whittaker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Whittaker E, Bamford A, Kenny J et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2. JAMA 324:259\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.2020.10369","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"9110_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.04.002","volume":"11","author":"J Bayry","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bayry J, Ahmed EA, Toscano-Rivero D et al (2023) Intravenous immunoglobulin: mechanism of action in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 11:1688\u20131697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.04.002","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"9110_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.09.023","volume":"139","author":"EE Perez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Perez EE, Orange JS, Bonilla F et al (2017) Update on the use of immunoglobulin in human disease: a review of evidence. J Allergy Clin Immunol 139:S1\u2013S46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.09.023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103710","volume":"24","author":"MG Danieli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Danieli MG, Antonelli E, Gammeri L et al (2025) Intravenous immunoglobulin as a therapy for autoimmune conditions. Autoimmun Rev 24:103710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103710","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"9110_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2336120","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2023.3612","volume":"6","author":"SH Lim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lim SH, Ju HJ, Han JH et al (2023) Autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders following COVID-19. JAMA Netw Open 6:e2336120\u2013e2336120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2023.3612","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"9110_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102154","volume":"63","author":"K Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng K, Li X, Yang D et al (2023) Risk of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 and the potential protective effect from vaccination: a population-based cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 63:102154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102154","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"9110_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-1831","volume":"177","author":"MS Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim MS, Lee H, Lee SW et al (2024) Long-term autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic outcomes of COVID-19. Ann Intern Med 177:291\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M23-1831","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"9110_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0324513","volume":"20","author":"S Wuller","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wuller S, Singer NG, Lewis C et al (2025) Severity of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of new-onset autoimmune disease: a RECOVER initiative study in nationwide U.S. cohorts. PLoS ONE 20:e0324513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0324513","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9110_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/CID\/CIAB1007","volume":"75","author":"AD Miller","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miller AD, Zambrano LD, Yousaf AR et al (2022) Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children\u2014United States, February 2020\u2013July 2021. Clin Infect Dis 75:e1165\u2013e1175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/CID\/CIAB1007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA2021680","volume":"383","author":"LR Feldstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feldstein LR, Rose EB, Horwitz SM et al (2020) Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U.S. children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 383:334\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMOA2021680","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9110_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2024.56272","volume":"8","author":"KC Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma KC, Yousaf AR, Miller A et al (2025) Phenotypic classification of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children using latent class analysis. JAMA Netw Open 8:e2456272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2024.56272","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"9110_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00709-9","volume":"17","author":"C Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma C, Ganigara M, Galeotti C et al (2021) Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease: a critical comparison. Nat Rev Rheumatol 17:731\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41584-021-00709-9","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"9110_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1007\/S10067-023-06670-0","volume":"42","author":"F Tesch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tesch F, Ehm F, Vivirito A et al (2023) Incident autoimmune diseases in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a matched cohort study. Clin Rheumatol 42:2905\u20132914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10067-023-06670-0","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"9110_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1007\/S00296-024-05712-3","volume":"44","author":"A Auanassova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Auanassova A, Yessirkepov M, Kocyigit BF (2024) SARS-CoV-2 as a trigger of IgA vasculitis: a clinical case and literature review. Rheumatol Int 44:2613\u20132620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00296-024-05712-3","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"9110_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.3390\/BIOMEDICINES11030870","volume":"11","author":"KE Belozerov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Belozerov KE, Avrusin IS, Andaryanova LI et al (2023) COVID-19 associated vasculitis confirmed by the tissues RT-PCR: a case series report. Biomedicines 11:870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/BIOMEDICINES11030870","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"9110_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/ACR.25227","volume":"76","author":"HR Mudge","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mudge HR, Honey JR, Tachoukaft S et al (2024) Summarizing evidence of associations of COVID-19 with a future diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: a rapid review. Arthritis Care Res 76:40\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ACR.25227","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"9110_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/RMDOPEN-2023-003022","volume":"9","author":"F Ursini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ursini F, Ruscitti P, Addimanda O et al (2023) Inflammatory rheumatic diseases with onset after SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination: a report of 267 cases from the COVID-19 and ASD group. RMD Open 9:27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/RMDOPEN-2023-003022","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"9110_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5112","DOI":"10.1002\/JMV.27996","volume":"94","author":"M Rahmati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rahmati M, Keshvari M, Mirnasuri S et al (2022) The global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of pediatric new-onset type 1 diabetes and ketoacidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 94:5112\u20135127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JMV.27996","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"9110_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13280","DOI":"10.3390\/IJERPH192013280","volume":"19","author":"M Wrona","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wrona M, Skrypnik D (2022) New-onset diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia as sequelae of COVID-19 infection\u2014systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19:13280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJERPH192013280","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"9110_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.73122","volume":"16","author":"T Shinzato","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shinzato T, Yonaha T (2024) New-onset graves\u2019 disease induced by COVID-19: a case report and literature review. Cureus 16:e73122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.73122","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"9110_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71469","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.71469","volume":"16","author":"R Syal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Syal R, Kaur J, Siddiqui M et al (2024) Long-term impacts of COVID-19 on thyroid health: insights from clinical studies. Cureus 16:e71469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.71469","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"9110_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JMV.28864","volume":"95","author":"K Dobrowolska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dobrowolska K, Zar\u0119bska-Michaluk D, Poniedzia\u0142ek B et al (2023) Overview of autoantibodies in COVID-19 convalescents. J Med Virol 95:e28864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JMV.28864","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"9110_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/S11845-025-03886-8","volume":"194","author":"F Di\u015fli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Di\u015fli F, Y\u0131ld\u0131z S (2025) Prevalence of anti-nuclear antibodies in COVID-19 patients: a remarkable 2.5-fold rise compared to healthy controls. Ir J Med Sci 194:717\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11845-025-03886-8","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"9110_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JTAUTO.2021.100091","volume":"4","author":"JM Anaya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anaya JM, Monsalve DM, Rojas M et al (2021) Latent rheumatic, thyroid and phospholipid autoimmunity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Transl Autoimmun 4:100091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JTAUTO.2021.100091","journal-title":"J Transl Autoimmun"},{"key":"9110_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAUT.2021.102682","volume":"122","author":"H Lingel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lingel H, Meltendorf S, Billing U et al (2021) Unique autoantibody prevalence in long-term recovered SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. J Autoimmun 122:102682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAUT.2021.102682","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"9110_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4340","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIIMMUNOL.ABL4340","volume":"6","author":"P Bastard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bastard P, Gervais A, Le VT et al (2021) Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in ~4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for ~20% of COVID-19 deaths. Sci Immunol 6:4340\u20134359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/SCIIMMUNOL.ABL4340","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PPAT.1001077","volume":"6","author":"MS Maddur","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maddur MS, Vani J, Lacroix-Desmazes S et al (2010) Autoimmunity as a predisposition for infectious diseases. PLoS Pathog 6:e1001077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PPAT.1001077","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"9110_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41467-024-53356-5","volume":"15","author":"AF Jernbom","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jernbom AF, Skoglund L, Pin E et al (2024) Prevalent and persistent new-onset autoantibodies in mild to severe COVID-19. Nat Commun 15:8941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41467-024-53356-5","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"9110_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41467-022-28905-5","volume":"13","author":"O Cabral-Marques","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cabral-Marques O, Halpert G, Schimke LF (2022) Autoantibodies targeting GPCRs and RAS-related molecules associate with COVID-19 severity. Nat Commun 13:1220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41467-022-28905-5","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"9110_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI.INSIGHT.158362","volume":"7","author":"L Casciola-Rosen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Casciola-Rosen L, Thiemann DR, Andrade F et al (2022) IgM anti-ACE2 autoantibodies in severe COVID-19 activate complement and perturb vascular endothelial function. JCI Insight 7:e158362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI.INSIGHT.158362","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"9110_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/PATH.1570","volume":"203","author":"I Hamming","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis MLC et al (2004) Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol 203:631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/PATH.1570","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"9110_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/S41586-020-2179-Y","volume":"581","author":"J Shang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shang J, Ye G, Shi K et al (2020) Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2. Nature 581:221\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41586-020-2179-Y","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9110_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/S41586-020-2180-5","volume":"581","author":"J Lan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lan J, Ge J, Yu J et al (2020) Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor. Nature 581:215\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41586-020-2180-5","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9110_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/S41590-021-01091-0","volume":"23","author":"MS Diamond","year":"2022","unstructured":"Diamond MS, Kanneganti TD (2022) Innate immunity: the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2. Nat Immunol 23:165\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41590-021-01091-0","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00418-x","volume":"23","author":"CB Jackson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jackson CB, Farzan M, Chen B, Choe H (2021) Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 23:3\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-021-00418-x","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"9110_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2024.10.001","volume":"82","author":"S Mukherjee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mukherjee S, Bayry J (2025) The yin and yang of TLR4 in COVID-19. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 82:70\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2024.10.001","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"9110_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001740","volume":"56","author":"SN Cui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cui SN, Tan HY, Fan GC (2021) Immunopathological roles of neutrophils in virus infection and COVID-19. Shock 56:345\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001740","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"9110_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1898790","volume":"12","author":"M Jamal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jamal M, Bangash HI, Habiba M (2021) Immune dysregulation and system pathology in COVID-19. Virulence 12:918\u2013936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21505594.2021.1898790","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"2","key":"9110_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-023-01104-y","volume":"21","author":"BL Sievers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sievers BL, Cheng MTK, Csiba K et al (2023) SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity: the good, the bad, and the \u201cgoldilocks.\u201d Cell Mol Immunol 21(2):171\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-023-01104-y","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12985-023-02116-W","volume":"20","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li J, Zhang K, Zhang YE et al (2023) Neutrophils in COVID-19: recent insights and advances. Virol J 20:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12985-023-02116-W","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"9110_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JTAUTO.2025.100280","volume":"10","author":"DM Monsalve","year":"2025","unstructured":"Monsalve DM, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Acosta NG et al (2025) NETosis: a key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long covid. J Transl Autoimmun 10:100280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JTAUTO.2025.100280","journal-title":"J Transl Autoimmun"},{"key":"9110_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010140","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2022.1010140","volume":"13","author":"S Lebourgeois","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lebourgeois S, David A, Chenane HR et al (2022) Differential activation of human neutrophils by SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Front Immunol 13:1010140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2022.1010140","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.3390\/CELLS9040915","volume":"9","author":"E Fousert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fousert E, Toes R, Desai J (2020) Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) take the central stage in driving autoimmune responses. Cells 9:915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/CELLS9040915","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"9110_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568950","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2020.02063","volume":"11","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Li Q, Yin Y et al (2020) Excessive neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19. Front Immunol 11:568950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2020.02063","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e138999","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI.INSIGHT.138999","volume":"5","author":"Y Zuo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zuo Y, Yalavarthi S, Shi H et al (2020) Neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19. JCI Insight 5:e138999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI.INSIGHT.138999","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"9110_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12931-023-02650-9","volume":"25","author":"C de Diego","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Diego C, Lasierra AB, L\u00f3pez-Vergara L et al (2024) What is the actual relationship between neutrophil extracellular traps and COVID-19 severity? A longitudinal study. Respir Res 25:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12931-023-02650-9","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"9110_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20201129","DOI":"10.1084\/JEM.20201129\/152086","volume":"217","author":"FP Veras","year":"2020","unstructured":"Veras FP, Pontelli MC, Silva CM et al (2020) SARS-CoV-2-triggered neutrophil extracellular traps mediate COVID-19 pathology. J Exp Med 217:e20201129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/JEM.20201129\/152086","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"9110_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.XCRM.2022.100848","volume":"3","author":"BP Boribong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boribong BP, LaSalle TJ, Bartsch YC et al (2022) Neutrophil profiles of pediatric COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Cell Rep Med 3:100848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.XCRM.2022.100848","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"9110_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3390\/V11080762","volume":"11","author":"MK Smatti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smatti MK, Cyprian FS, Nasrallah GK et al (2019) Viruses and autoimmunity: a review on the potential interaction and molecular mechanisms. Viruses 11:762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/V11080762","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"9110_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAA703","volume":"223","author":"M Mohkhedkar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohkhedkar M, Venigalla SSK, Janakiraman V (2021) Autoantigens that may explain postinfection autoimmune manifestations in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 displaying neurological conditions. J Infect Dis 223:536\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAA703","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8359683","volume":"2024","author":"A Ar\u00e9valo-Cort\u00e9s","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ar\u00e9valo-Cort\u00e9s A, Rodriguez-Pinto D, Aguilar-Ayala L (2024) Evidence for molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and human antigens: implications for autoimmunity in COVID-19. Autoimmune Dis 2024:8359683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/8359683","journal-title":"Autoimmune Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8793","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS26188793","volume":"26","author":"AM Timofeeva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Timofeeva AM, Aulova KS, Mustaev EA, Nevinsky GA (2025) SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and molecular mimicry: an immunoinformatic screen for cross-reactive autoantigen candidates. Int J Mol Sci 26:8793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS26188793","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"9110_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CLIM.2020.108426","volume":"215","author":"D Kanduc","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kanduc D, Shoenfeld Y (2020) On the molecular determinants of the SARS-CoV-2 attack. Clin Immunol 215:108426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CLIM.2020.108426","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/ELIFE.58603","volume":"9","author":"P Anand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anand P, Puranik A, Aravamudan M et al (2020) SARS-CoV-2 strategically mimics proteolytic activation of human ENaC. Elife 9:e58603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/ELIFE.58603","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"9110_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/BIES.202100158","volume":"43","author":"R Root-Bernstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Root-Bernstein R (2021) COVID-19 coagulopathies: Human blood proteins mimic SARS-CoV-2 virus, vaccine proteins and bacterial co-infections inducing autoimmunity. BioEssays 43:2100158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/BIES.202100158","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"9110_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.3390\/MICROORGANISMS11122902","volume":"11","author":"EG Gutman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gutman EG, Fernandes RA, Raposo-Vedovi JV et al (2023) Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and human self-antigens related with autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Microorganisms 11:2902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MICROORGANISMS11122902","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"9110_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96233-7","volume":"11","author":"V Khavinson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khavinson V, Terekhov A, Kormilets D, Maryanovich A (2021) Homology between SARS CoV-2 and human proteins. Sci Rep 11:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-96233-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"9110_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.3390\/BIOMEDICINES11071937","volume":"11","author":"A Lerner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lerner A, Benzvi C, Vojdani A (2023) SARS-CoV-2 gut-targeted epitopes: sequence similarity and cross-reactivity join together for molecular mimicry. Biomedicines 11:1937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/BIOMEDICINES11071937","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"8025","key":"9110_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07722-4","volume":"632","author":"A Bodansky","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bodansky A, Mettelman RC, Sabatino JJ et al (2024) Molecular mimicry in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Nature 632(8025):622\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-07722-4","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9110_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1007\/S10067-022-06149-4","volume":"41","author":"LJ Jara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jara LJ, Vera-Lastra O, Mahroum N et al (2022) Autoimmune post-COVID vaccine syndromes: does the spectrum of autoimmune\/inflammatory syndrome expand? Clin Rheumatol 41:1603\u20131609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10067-022-06149-4","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"9110_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00028-1","volume":"6","author":"AR Yousaf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yousaf AR, Cortese MM, Taylor AW et al (2022) Reported cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children aged 12\u201320 years in the USA who received a COVID-19 vaccine, december 2020, through august, 2021: a surveillance investigation. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 6:303\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00028-1","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"9110_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6181","DOI":"10.1038\/S41467-024-50656-8","volume":"15","author":"SW Jung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jung SW, Jeon JJ, Kim YH et al (2024) Long-term risk of autoimmune diseases after mRNA-based SARS-CoV2 vaccination in a Korean, nationwide, population-based cohort study. Nat Commun 15:6181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41467-024-50656-8","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"9110_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(96)80012-4","volume":"8","author":"CJ Vanderlugt","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vanderlugt CJ, Miller SD (1996) Epitope spreading. Curr Opin Immunol 8:831\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0952-7915(96)80012-4","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/BIB\/BBAC056","volume":"23","author":"H An","year":"2022","unstructured":"An H, Eun M, Yi J, Park J (2022) CRESSP: a comprehensive pipeline for prediction of immunopathogenic SARS-CoV-2 epitopes using structural properties of proteins. Brief Bioinform 23:1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/BIB\/BBAC056","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"9110_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IMLET.2020.05.008","volume":"224","author":"TE Webb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Webb TE, Saad R (2020) Sequence homology between human PARP14 and the SARS-CoV-2 ADP ribose 1\u2019-phosphatase. Immunol Lett 224:38\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IMLET.2020.05.008","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"9110_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS23137219","volume":"23","author":"LE Hsieh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hsieh LE, Song J, Grifoni A et al (2022) T cells in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have a predominant CD4+ T helper response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides and numerous virus-specific CD4\u2212 CD8\u2212 double-negative T cells. Int J Mol Sci 23:7219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS23137219","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"9110_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAA150","volume":"221","author":"F Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang F, Nie J, Wang H et al (2020) Characteristics of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19 pneumonia. J Infect Dis 221:1762\u20131769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAA150","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05273-0","author":"MC Woodruff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Woodruff MC, Ramonell RP, Haddad NS et al (2022) Dysregulated naive B cells and de novo autoreactivity in severe COVID-19. Nature. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-05273-0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9110_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1146\/ANNUREV-IMMUNOL-101721-061120\/1","volume":"41","author":"A Sette","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sette A, Sidney J, Crotty S (2023) T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2. Annu Rev Immunol 41:343\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/ANNUREV-IMMUNOL-101721-061120\/1","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9110_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40012-7","volume":"14","author":"MC Woodruff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Woodruff MC, Bonham KS, Anam FA et al (2023) Chronic inflammation, neutrophil activity, and autoreactivity splits long COVID. Nat Commun 14(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-40012-7","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"9110_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12985-022-01926-8","volume":"19","author":"W Dai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dai W, Zhong A, Qiao Q et al (2022) Characteristics of lymphocyte subset alterations in COVID-19 patients with different levels of disease severity. Virol J 19:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12985-022-01926-8","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"9110_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.3390\/V13101966","volume":"13","author":"A Golovkin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Golovkin A, Kalinina O, Bezrukikh V et al (2021) Imbalanced immune response of T-cell and B-cell subsets in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. Viruses 13:1966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/V13101966","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"9110_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/IID3.1281","volume":"12","author":"XQ Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu XQ, Huang JY, Zhang H et al (2024) Differential expression of lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of patients with COVID\u201019: implications for disease severity and prognosis. Immunity Inflamm Dis 12:e1281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/IID3.1281","journal-title":"Immunity Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25254","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.2010722117","volume":"117","author":"MH Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng MH, Zhang S, Porritt RA et al (2020) Superantigenic character of an insert unique to SARS-CoV-2 spike supported by skewed TCR repertoire in patients with hyperinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117:25254\u201325262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/PNAS.2010722117","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"9110_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI151520","volume":"131","author":"RA Porritt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Porritt RA, Binek A, Paschold L et al (2021) The autoimmune signature of hyperinflammatory multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. J Clin Invest 131:e151520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI151520","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9110_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/S41584-022-00896-Z","volume":"19","author":"JC Burns","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burns JC (2023) MIS-C: myths have been debunked, but mysteries remain. Nat Rev Rheumatol 19:70\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41584-022-00896-Z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"9110_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.3390\/CELLS11162526","volume":"11","author":"C Amormino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amormino C, Tedeschi V, Paldino G et al (2022) SARS-CoV-2 spike does not possess intrinsic superantigen-like inflammatory activity. Cells 11:2526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/CELLS11162526","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"9110_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01155-4","volume":"40","author":"E Sefik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sefik E, Israelow B, Mirza H et al (2022) A humanized mouse model of chronic COVID-19. Nat Biotechnol 40(6):906\u2013920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-021-01155-4. ((2021))","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"9110_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IMMUNI.2021.05.010","volume":"54","author":"L Bergamaschi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bergamaschi L, Mescia F, Turner L et al (2021) Longitudinal analysis reveals that delayed bystander CD8+ T cell activation and early immune pathology distinguish severe COVID-19 from mild disease. Immunity 54:1257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IMMUNI.2021.05.010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"9110_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337406","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2024.1337406","volume":"15","author":"CO Hileman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hileman CO, Malakooti SK, Patil N et al (2024) New-onset autoimmune disease after COVID-19. Front Immunol 15:1337406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2024.1337406","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAUT.2024.103299","volume":"148","author":"EG Oakes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oakes EG, Dillon E, Buhler KA et al (2024) Earlier vs. later time period of COVID-19 infection and emergent autoimmune signs, symptoms, and serologies. J Autoimmun 148:103299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAUT.2024.103299","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"9110_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2430983","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2024.30983","volume":"7","author":"LE Wee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wee LE, Lim JT, Tay AT et al (2024) Autoimmune sequelae after Delta or Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infection in a highly vaccinated cohort. JAMA Netw Open 7:e2430983\u2013e2430983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2024.30983","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"9110_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2022.8025","volume":"327","author":"N Levy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Levy N, Koppel JH, Kaplan O et al (2022) Severity and incidence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during 3 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic waves in Israel. JAMA 327:2452\u20132454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.2022.8025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"9110_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000002054","volume":"30","author":"S Inokuchi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Inokuchi S, Shimamoto K (2024) Persistent risk of developing autoimmune diseases associated with COVID-19 an observational study using an electronic medical record database in Japan. J Clin Rheumatol 30:65\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RHU.0000000000002054","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"9110_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.ABO3627","volume":"379","author":"D Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee D, Le Pen J, Yatim A et al (2023) Inborn errors of OAS-RNase L in SARS-CoV-2-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Science 379:eabo3627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/SCIENCE.ABO3627","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9110_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/SJI.13373","volume":"100","author":"R Najm","year":"2024","unstructured":"Najm R, Yavuz L, Jain R et al (2024) IFIH1 loss of function predisposes to inflammatory and SARS-CoV-2-related infectious diseases. Scand J Immunol 100:e13373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/SJI.13373","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2020.07.033","volume":"146","author":"PY Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee PY, Platt CD, Weeks S et al (2020) Immune dysregulation and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in individuals with haploinsufficiency of SOCS1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 146:1194-1200.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2020.07.033","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10875-023-01488-6","author":"M L\u00f3pez-Nevado","year":"2023","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Nevado M, Sevilla J, Almendro-V\u00e1zquez P et al (2023) Inborn error of STAT2-dependent IFN-I immunity in a patient presented with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. J Clin Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10875-023-01488-6","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/S10875-022-01215-7","volume":"42","author":"H Abolhassani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abolhassani H, Landegren N, Bastard P et al (2022) Inherited IFNAR1 deficiency in a child with both critical COVID-19 pneumonia and multisystem inflammatory syndrome. J Clin Immunol 42:471\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10875-022-01215-7","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAE480","volume":"230","author":"TMM Barreto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barreto TMM, Souza RS, S\u00e3o Pedro RB et al (2024) Rare genetic variants of NLRP12 in admixed Latino-American children with SARS-CoV-2\u2013related multisystem inflammatory syndrome. J Infect Dis 230:1400\u20131409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAE480","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/JIMMUNOL.212.SUPP.0127.4508","volume":"212","author":"R Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan R, Ji W, Guzman-Rivera J et al (2024) Abnormal innate immune responses and associated genetic factors in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). J Immunol 212:0127_4508-0127_4508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/JIMMUNOL.212.SUPP.0127.4508","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3390\/BIOLOGY11030417","volume":"11","author":"A Vagrecha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vagrecha A, Zhang M, Acharya S et al (2022) Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis gene variants in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Biology 11:417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/BIOLOGY11030417","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"9110_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.105098","volume":"96","author":"R Abdollahzadeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdollahzadeh R, Shushizadeh MH, Barazandehrokh M et al (2021) Association of Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and clinical\/severe outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Infect Genet Evol 96:105098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.105098","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"9110_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/IJI.12585","volume":"49","author":"A Jafarpoor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jafarpoor A, Jazayeri SM, Bokharaei-Salim F et al (2022) VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with the increased susceptibility to COVID-19 among Iranian population: a case-control study. Int J Immunogenet 49:243\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/IJI.12585","journal-title":"Int J Immunogenet"},{"key":"9110_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.3390\/NU15071781","volume":"15","author":"VV Protas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Protas VV, Pogossyan GP, Li KG et al (2023) Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphism rs2228570 influence on COVID-19 susceptibility among the Kazakh Ethnic Group\u2014a pilot study. Nutrients 15:1781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/NU15071781","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"9110_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/JPM13121663","volume":"13","author":"G Alhammadin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alhammadin G, Jarrar Y, Madani A, Lee SJ (2023) Exploring the influence of VDR genetic variants TaqI, ApaI, and FokI on COVID-19 severity and long-COVID-19 symptoms. J Pers Med 13:1663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/JPM13121663","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"9110_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"027","DOI":"10.1055\/S-0043-1761924","volume":"10","author":"B Mamurova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mamurova B, Akan G, Mogol E et al (2023) Strong association between vitamin D receptor gene and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectious variants. Glob Med Genet 10:027\u2013033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/S-0043-1761924","journal-title":"Glob Med Genet"},{"key":"9110_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.3390\/BIOLOGY12070916","volume":"12","author":"C Agliardi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agliardi C, Guerini FR, Bolognesi E et al (2023) VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and autoimmunity: a narrative review. Biology 12:916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/BIOLOGY12070916","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"9110_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI.INSIGHT.140327","volume":"5","author":"T Thomas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomas T, Stefanoni D, Reisz JA et al (2020) COVID-19 infection alters kynurenine and fatty acid metabolism, correlating with IL-6 levels and renal status. JCI Insight 5:e140327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI.INSIGHT.140327","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"9110_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0256784","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0256784","volume":"16","author":"OASH Van","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van OASH, Casta\u00f1eda-Delgado JE, Oropeza-Valdez JJ et al (2021) Immunometabolic signatures predict risk of progression to sepsis in COVID-19. PLoS ONE 16:e0256784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0256784","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"9110_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21907-9","volume":"12","author":"N Xiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao N, Nie M, Pang H et al (2021) Integrated cytokine and metabolite analysis reveals immunometabolic reprogramming in COVID-19 patients with therapeutic implications. Nat Commun 12(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-21907-9","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"9110_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0274910","volume":"17","author":"JC P\u00e1ez-Franco","year":"2022","unstructured":"P\u00e1ez-Franco JC, Maravillas-Montero JL, Mej\u00eda-Dom\u00ednguez NR et al (2022) Metabolomics analysis identifies glutamic acid and cystine imbalances in COVID-19 patients without comorbid conditions. Implications on redox homeostasis and COVID-19 pathophysiology. PLoS ONE 17:e0274910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0274910","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9110_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0219422","DOI":"10.1128\/SPECTRUM.02194-22","volume":"11","author":"LG Gardinassi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gardinassi LG, do Servian CP, da Lima GS et al (2023) Integrated metabolic and inflammatory signatures associated with severity of, fatality of, and recovery from COVID-19. Microbiol Spectr 11:e0219422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/SPECTRUM.02194-22","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"9110_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100284","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00284-2021","volume":"59","author":"H Jia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jia H, Liu C, Li D et al (2022) Metabolomic analyses reveal new stage-specific features of COVID-19. Eur Respir J 59:2100284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00284-2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"9110_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1038\/S41598-022-05667-0","volume":"12","author":"A Vald\u00e9s","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vald\u00e9s A, Moreno LO, Rello SR et al (2022) Metabolomics study of COVID-19 patients in four different clinical stages. Sci Rep 12:1650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41598-022-05667-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"9110_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/S11306-025-02238-Y","volume":"21","author":"T Kramaric","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kramaric T, Thein OS, Parekh D et al (2025) SARS-CoV2 variants differentially impact on the plasma metabolome. Metabolomics 21:50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11306-025-02238-Y","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"9110_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/S41598-023-39049-X","volume":"13","author":"Y L\u00f3pez-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Hern\u00e1ndez Y, Mon\u00e1rrez-Espino J, L\u00f3pez DAG et al (2023) The plasma metabolome of long COVID patients two years after infection. Sci Rep 13:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41598-023-39049-X","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"9110_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS25031523","volume":"25","author":"L Ansone","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ansone L, Rovite V, Br\u012bv\u012bba M et al (2024) Longitudinal NMR-based metabolomics study reveals how hospitalized COVID-19 patients recover: evidence of dyslipidemia and energy metabolism dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 25:1523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS25031523","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"9110_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12916-025-03971-W","volume":"23","author":"H Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang H, Guan L, Xue Y et al (2025) Longitudinal multi-omics analysis of convalescent individuals with respiratory sequelae 6\u201336 months after COVID-19. BMC Med 23:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12916-025-03971-W","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"9110_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/S11306-025-02262-Y","volume":"21","author":"G Bae","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bae G, Yang Z, Bucci D et al (2025) Longitudinal lipoprotein and inflammatory mediators analysis uncover persisting inflammation and hyperlipidemia following SARS-CoV-2 infection in long COVID-19. Metabolomics 21:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11306-025-02262-Y","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"9110_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2021.651656","volume":"12","author":"F Qi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qi F, Zhang W, Huang J et al (2021) Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the immunometabolic rewiring and immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus disease 2019. Front Immunol 12:651656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2021.651656","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S325853","volume":"14","author":"S Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang S, Luo P, Xu J et al (2021) Plasma metabolomic profiles in recovered COVID-19 patients without previous underlying diseases 3 months after discharge. J Inflamm Res 14:4485\u20134501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JIR.S325853","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"9110_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20204201","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20204201\/227924","volume":"41","author":"J Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu J, Zhao M, Li C et al (2021) The SARS-CoV-2 induced targeted amino acid profiling in patients at hospitalized and convalescent stage. Biosci Rep 41:20204201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BSR20204201\/227924","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"9110_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1164\/RCCM.202108-1903LE","volume":"205","author":"E de Boer","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Boer E, Petrache I, Goldstein NM et al (2022) Decreased fatty acid oxidation and altered lactate production during exercise in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 205:126\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/RCCM.202108-1903LE","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"9110_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.3390\/METABO12111026","volume":"12","author":"VP Guntur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guntur VP, Nemkov T, de Boer E et al (2022) Signatures of mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired fatty acid metabolism in plasma of patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Metabolites 12:1026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/METABO12111026","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"9110_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100486","DOI":"10.3389\/FMOLB.2023.1100486","volume":"10","author":"Y L\u00f3pez-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Hern\u00e1ndez Y, Oropeza-Valdez JJ, Garc\u00eda Lopez DA et al (2023) Untargeted analysis in post-COVID-19 patients reveals dysregulated lipid pathways two years after recovery. Front Mol Biosci 10:1100486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FMOLB.2023.1100486","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"9110_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144224","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2023.1144224","volume":"14","author":"G Berezhnoy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berezhnoy G, Bissinger R, Liu A et al (2023) Maintained imbalance of triglycerides, apolipoproteins, energy metabolites and cytokines in long-term COVID-19 syndrome patients. Front Immunol 14:1144224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2023.1144224","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.JPROTEOME.5C00062","volume":"24","author":"NG Lawler","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lawler NG, Yonker LM, Lodge S et al (2025) Children with post COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome display unique pathophysiological metabolic phenotypes. J Proteome Res 24:3483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACS.JPROTEOME.5C00062","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"9110_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341843","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2024.1341843","volume":"15","author":"S Saito","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saito S, Shahbaz S, Luo X et al (2024) Metabolomic and immune alterations in long COVID patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Front Immunol 15:1341843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2024.1341843","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2021.799558","volume":"12","author":"SL Lage","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lage SL, Amaral EP, Hilligan KL et al (2022) Persistent oxidative stress and inflammasome activation in CD14highCD16\u2212 monocytes from COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 12:799558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2021.799558","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.2101708118","volume":"118","author":"CA Rees","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rees CA, Rostad CA, Mantus G et al (2021) Altered amino acid profile in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 118:e2101708118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/PNAS.2101708118","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"9110_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157702","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2023.1157702","volume":"14","author":"AN Kopitar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kopitar AN, Repas J, Jan\u017ei\u010d L et al (2023) Alterations in immunophenotype and metabolic profile of mononuclear cells during follow up in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Front Immunol 14:1157702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2023.1157702","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2021.733921","volume":"12","author":"TJ Cory","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cory TJ, Emmons RS, Yarbro JR et al (2021) Metformin suppresses monocyte immunometabolic activation by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit 1. Front Immunol 12:733921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2021.733921","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/S41421-021-00338-2","volume":"7","author":"S Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan S, Yan B, Cao J et al (2021) SARS-CoV-2 exploits host DGAT and ADRP for efficient replication. Cell Discov 7:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41421-021-00338-2","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"9110_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI148225","volume":"131","author":"PJ Siska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Siska PJ, Decking SM, Babl N et al (2021) Metabolic imbalance of T cells in COVID-19 is hallmarked by basigin and mitigated by dexamethasone. J Clin Invest 131:e148225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI148225","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9110_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ADBI.202200265","volume":"7","author":"S Ming","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ming S, Qu S, Wu Y et al (2023) COVID-19 metabolomic-guided amino acid therapy protects from inflammation and disease sequelae. Adv Biol 7:2200265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ADBI.202200265","journal-title":"Adv Biol"},{"issue":"82","key":"9110_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIIMMUNOL.ADF0348","volume":"8","author":"B Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu B, Wei X, Narasimhan H et al (2023) Inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier simultaneously mitigates hyperinflammation and hyperglycemia in COVID-19. Sci Immunol 8(82):eadf0348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/SCIIMMUNOL.ADF0348","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141.15","DOI":"10.4049\/JIMMUNOL.204.SUPP.141.15","volume":"204","author":"ZJ Morse","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morse ZJ, Simister RL, Crowe SA et al (2020) Virus-mediated dysbiosis alters immune populations to promote type 1 diabetes onset. J Immunol 204:141.15-141.15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/JIMMUNOL.204.SUPP.141.15","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096323","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2023.1096323","volume":"14","author":"ZJ Morse","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morse ZJ, Simister RL, Crowe SA et al (2023) Virus induced dysbiosis promotes type 1 diabetes onset. Front Immunol 14:1096323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2023.1096323","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/SPECTRUM.02042-23","volume":"11","author":"S Fadlallah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fadlallah S, Bitar ER, Hussein H et al (2023) The interplay between Epstein-Barr virus DNA and gut microbiota in the development of arthritis in a mouse model. Microbiol Spectr 11:e0204223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/SPECTRUM.02042-23","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"9110_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1053\/J.GASTRO.2020.05.048","volume":"159","author":"T Zuo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zuo T, Zhang F, Lui GCY et al (2020) Alterations in gut microbiota of patients with COVID-19 during time of hospitalization. Gastroenterology 159:944-955.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/J.GASTRO.2020.05.048","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9110_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035422","DOI":"10.3389\/FMICB.2022.1035422","volume":"13","author":"JG Nobre","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nobre JG, Delgadinho M, Silva C et al (2022) Gut microbiota profile of COVID-19 patients: prognosis and risk stratification (MicroCOVID-19 study). Front Microbiol 13:1035422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FMICB.2022.1035422","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"9110_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81801","DOI":"10.26355\/MHD_20233_818","volume":"5","author":"G Caio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caio G, Cultrera R, Blanco-M\u00edguez A et al (2024) Gut microbiome features in COVID-19: analysis of a cohort of hospitalized patients. Microb Health Dis 2023 5:e81801\u2013e81810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/MHD_20233_818","journal-title":"Microb Health Dis 2023"},{"key":"9110_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/AMS2.923","volume":"11","author":"K Shimizu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shimizu K, Hirata H, Tokuhira N et al (2024) Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in patients with severe COVID-19. Acute Med Surg 11:e923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/AMS2.923","journal-title":"Acute Med Surg"},{"key":"9110_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S13099-025-00678-4","volume":"17","author":"C Agudelo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Agudelo C, Kateete DP, Nasinghe E et al (2025) Enterococcus and Eggerthella species are enriched in the gut microbiomes of COVID-19 cases in Uganda. Gut Pathog 17:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S13099-025-00678-4","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"key":"9110_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJERPH191610189","volume":"19","author":"AS Ferreira-Junior","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ferreira-Junior AS, Borgonovi TF, De Salis LVV et al (2022) Detection of intestinal dysbiosis in post-COVID-19 patients one to eight months after acute disease resolution. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19:10189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJERPH191610189","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"9110_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.3390\/V16050722","volume":"16","author":"K Mussabay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mussabay K, Kozhakhmetov S, Dusmagambetov M et al (2024) Gut microbiome and cytokine profiles in post-COVID syndrome. Viruses 16:722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/V16050722","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"9110_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500890","DOI":"10.3389\/FMICB.2024.1500890","volume":"15","author":"Y An","year":"2024","unstructured":"An Y, He L, Xu X et al (2024) Gut microbiota in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: not the end of the story. Front Microbiol 15:1500890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FMICB.2024.1500890","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"9110_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHOM.2024.04.005","volume":"32","author":"Q Su","year":"2024","unstructured":"Su Q, Lau RI, Liu Q et al (2024) The gut microbiome associates with phenotypic manifestations of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Cell Host Microbe 32:651-660.e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CHOM.2024.04.005","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"9110_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS26041781","volume":"26","author":"JM Blankestijn","year":"2025","unstructured":"Blankestijn JM, Baalbaki N, Beijers RJHCG et al (2025) Exploring heterogeneity of fecal microbiome in long COVID patients at 3 to 6 months after infection. Int J Mol Sci 26:1781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS26041781","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"9110_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.3390\/MICROORGANISMS13061407","volume":"13","author":"LS Souza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Souza LS, Ferreira-Junior AS, Estella PC et al (2025) Bacteriome signature in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients correlates with increased gut permeability and systemic inflammatory cytokines. Microorganisms 13:1407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MICROORGANISMS13061407","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"9110_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249146","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2249146","volume":"15","author":"V Mendes de Almeida","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mendes de Almeida V, Engel DF, Ricci MF et al (2023) Gut microbiota from patients with COVID-19 cause alterations in mice that resemble post-COVID symptoms. Gut Microbes 15:2249146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2023.2249146","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"9110_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.1007\/S00431-022-04494-9","volume":"181","author":"C Suskun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suskun C, Kilic O, Yilmaz Ciftdogan D et al (2022) Intestinal microbiota composition of children with infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Eur J Pediatr 181:3175\u20133191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00431-022-04494-9","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"9110_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FCIMB.2022.908492","volume":"12","author":"L Romani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Romani L, Del Chierico F, Macari G et al (2022) The relationship between pediatric gut microbiota and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 12:908492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FCIMB.2022.908492","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"9110_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3390\/MICROORGANISMS13010083","volume":"13","author":"E Franchitti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Franchitti E, Bottino P, Sidoti F et al (2025) Investigating the role of gut microbiota in pediatric patients with severe COVID-19 or MIS-C. Microorganisms 13:83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MICROORGANISMS13010083","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"9110_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AUTREV.2021.102865","volume":"20","author":"N Katz-Agranov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Katz-Agranov N, Zandman-Goddard G (2021) Autoimmunity and COVID-19 \u2013 the microbiotal connection. Autoimmun Rev 20:102865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AUTREV.2021.102865","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"9110_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2020.100016","volume":"1","author":"SR Bonam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bonam SR, Kaveri SV, Sakuntabhai A et al (2020) Adjunct immunotherapies for the management of severely ill COVID-19 patients. Cell Rep Med 1:100016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xcrm.2020.100016","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"9110_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00119-23","volume":"37","author":"D Focosi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Focosi D, Franchini M, Maggi F, Shoham S (2024) COVID-19 therapeutics. Clin Microbiol Rev 37:e0011923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00119-23","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"9110_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100811","volume":"3","author":"JD Herman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Herman JD, Wang C, Burke JS et al (2022) Nucleocapsid-specific antibody function is associated with therapeutic benefits from COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy. Cell Rep Med 3:100811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100811","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"9110_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAC334","volume":"227","author":"S Huygens","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huygens S, Hofsink Q, Nijhof IS et al (2023) Hyperimmune globulin for severely immunocompromised patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019: a randomized, controlled trial. J Infect Dis 227:206\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAC334","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(23)00316-4","volume":"8","author":"SN Faust","year":"2024","unstructured":"Faust SN, Haynes R, Jones CE et al (2024) Immunomodulatory therapy in children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS, MIS-C; RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 8:190\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(23)00316-4","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"9110_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00006-6","volume":"10","author":"EW Ely","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ely EW, Ramanan AV, Kartman CE et al (2022) Efficacy and safety of baricitinib plus standard of care for the treatment of critically ill hospitalised adults with COVID-19 on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an exploratory, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med 10:327\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00006-6","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"9110_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/RMDOPEN-2023-004045","volume":"10","author":"P David","year":"2024","unstructured":"David P, Hen O, Ben-Shabbat N et al (2024) Pronounced benefits of JAK inhibition with baricitinib in COVID-19 pneumonia in obese but not lean subjects. RMD Open 10:e004045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/RMDOPEN-2023-004045","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"9110_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ECI.13898","volume":"53","author":"A Ferrarini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ferrarini A, Vacca A, Solimando AG et al (2023) Early administration of tofacitinib in COVID-19 pneumonitis: an open randomised controlled trial. Eur J Clin Invest 53:e13898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ECI.13898","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9110_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/PEDS.2023-061297","volume":"152","author":"B Jonat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jonat B, Geneslaw AS, Capone CA et al (2023) Early treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Pediatrics 152:e2023061297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/PEDS.2023-061297","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"9110_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2013136","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2020.13136","volume":"3","author":"SG Deftereos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deftereos SG, Giannopoulos G, Vrachatis DA et al (2020) Effect of colchicine vs standard care on cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019: the GRECCO-19 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 3:e2013136\u2013e2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2020.13136","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"9110_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1038\/S41409-024-02230-5","volume":"59","author":"ME Mart\u00ednez-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Mu\u00f1oz ME, Payares-Herrera C, Lipperheide I et al (2024) Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Bone Marrow Transplant 59:777\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41409-024-02230-5","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"9110_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PUPT.2024.102330","volume":"87","author":"A Kjellberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kjellberg A, Zhao A, Lussier A et al (2024) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an immunomodulatory intervention in COVID-19-induced ARDS: exploring clinical outcomes and transcriptomic signatures in a randomised controlled trial. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 87:102330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PUPT.2024.102330","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"9110_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/S15010-023-02154-0","volume":"52","author":"C Fern\u00e1ndez-de-las-Pe\u00f1as","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-las-Pe\u00f1as C, Torres-Macho J, Catahay JA et al (2024) Is antiviral treatment at the acute phase of COVID-19 effective for decreasing the risk of long-COVID? A systematic review. Infection 52:43\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S15010-023-02154-0","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"9110_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.4049\/JIMMUNOL.1701271","volume":"200","author":"C Jo\u00e3o","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jo\u00e3o C, Negi VS, Kazatchkine MD et al (2018) Passive serum therapy to immunomodulation by IVIG: a fascinating journey of antibodies. J Immunol 200:1957\u20131963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/JIMMUNOL.1701271","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/S11882-002-0069-Z\/METRICS","volume":"2","author":"M Berger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berger M (2002) A history of immune globulin therapy, from the harvard crash program to monoclonal antibodies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2:368\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11882-002-0069-Z\/METRICS","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"9110_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.9.6.722","volume":"9","author":"OC Bruton","year":"1952","unstructured":"Bruton OC (1952) Agammaglobulinemia. Pediatrics 9:722\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.9.6.722","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"9110_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IAC.2008.06.002","volume":"28","author":"JA Hooper","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hooper JA (2008) Intravenous immunoglobulins: evolution of commercial IVIG preparations. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 28:765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IAC.2008.06.002","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"9110_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3401","volume":"13","author":"I Schwab","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schwab I, Nimmerjahn F (2013) Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: how does IgG modulate the immune system? Nat Rev Immunol 13(3):176\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri3401","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2018.01299","volume":"9","author":"Y Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo Y, Tian X, Wang X, Xiao Z (2018) Adverse effects of immunoglobulin therapy. Front Immunol 9:362740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2018.01299","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BEHA.2005.01.032","volume":"19","author":"RJ Looney","year":"2006","unstructured":"Looney RJ, Huggins J (2006) Use of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG). Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 19:3\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BEHA.2005.01.032","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Haematol"},{"key":"9110_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-019-08746-9","volume":"58","author":"MS Maddur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maddur MS, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Dimitrov JD et al (2020) Natural antibodies: from first-line defense against pathogens to perpetual immune homeostasis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 58:213\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-019-08746-9","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1503\/CMAJ.130375","volume":"187","author":"L Gilardin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gilardin L, Bayry J, Kaveri SV (2015) Intravenous immunoglobulin as clinical immune-modulating therapy. CMAJ 187:257\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/CMAJ.130375","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"9110_CR196","unstructured":"Immune Globulins | FDA. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics\/approved-blood-products\/immune-globulins. Accessed 11 Jul 2025"},{"key":"9110_CR197","unstructured":"Clinical investigation of human normal immunoglobulin for intravenous administration (IVIg) - Scientific guideline | European Medicines Agency (EMA). https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/clinical-investigation-human-normal-immunoglobulin-intravenous-administration-ivig-scientific-guideline. Accessed 11 Jul 2025"},{"key":"9110_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2019.01090","volume":"10","author":"JHO Hoffmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoffmann JHO, Enk AH (2019) High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in skin autoimmune disease. Front Immunol 10:454125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2019.01090","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1007\/S13311-021-01108-4","volume":"18","author":"MC Dalakas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dalakas MC (2021) Update on intravenous immunoglobulin in neurology: modulating neuro-autoimmunity, evolving factors on efficacy and dosing and challenges on stopping chronic IVIg therapy. Neurotherapeutics 18:2397\u20132418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S13311-021-01108-4","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"9110_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/S13311-015-0391-5","volume":"13","author":"JD L\u00fcnemann","year":"2016","unstructured":"L\u00fcnemann JD, Quast I, Dalakas MC (2016) Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in neurological diseases. Neurotherapeutics 13:34\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S13311-015-0391-5","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"9110_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AUTREV.2023.103451","volume":"22","author":"MG Danieli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Danieli MG, Antonelli E, Auria S et al (2023) Low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in different immune-mediated conditions. Autoimmun Rev 22:103451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AUTREV.2023.103451","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"9110_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5983","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM12185983","volume":"12","author":"A Lasek-Bal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lasek-Bal A, Wagner-Kusz A, Rogo\u017c B et al (2023) Efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in selected neurological diseases\u2014one centre\u2019s experience based on the therapy of 141 patients. J Clin Med 12:5983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/JCM12185983","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"9110_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102850","volume":"20","author":"N Rambabu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rambabu N, Mathew MJ, Kaveri SV, Bayry J (2021) Boolean analysis of the transcriptomic data to identify novel biomarkers of IVIG response. Autoimmun Rev 20:102850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102850","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"9110_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/CTI2.1198","volume":"9","author":"C Galeotti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galeotti C, Kaveri SV, Bayry J (2020) Intravenous immunoglobulin immunotherapy for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Clin Transl Immunol 9:e1198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/CTI2.1198","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/SJI.13101","volume":"94","author":"MG Danieli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Danieli MG, Piga MA, Paladini A et al (2021) Intravenous immunoglobulin as an important adjunct in the prevention and therapy of coronavirus 2019 disease. Scand J Immunol 94:e13101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/SJI.13101","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1186\/S12879-020-05507-4","volume":"20","author":"N Gharebaghi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gharebaghi N, Nejadrahim R, Mousavi SJ et al (2020) The use of intravenous immunoglobulin gamma for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. BMC Infect Dis 20:786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12879-020-05507-4","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/CTI2.1192","volume":"9","author":"Z Shao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shao Z, Feng Y, Zhong L et al (2020) Clinical efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in critical ill patients with COVID-19: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Clin Transl Immunol 9:e1192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/CTI2.1192","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JINF.2020.03.044","volume":"81","author":"Y Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie Y, Cao S, Dong H et al (2020) Effect of regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on prognosis of severe pneumonia in patients with COVID-19. J Infect 81:318\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JINF.2020.03.044","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"9110_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/OFID\/OFAA102","volume":"7","author":"W Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao W, Liu X, Bai T et al (2020) High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin as a therapeutic option for deteriorating patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Open Forum Infect Dis 7:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/OFID\/OFAA102","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAB098","volume":"223","author":"RS Raman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raman RS, Bhagwan Barge V, Anil Kumar D et al (2021) A phase II safety and efficacy study on prognosis of moderate pneumonia in Coronavirus disease 2019 patients with regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. J Infect Dis 223:1538\u20131543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAB098","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.INTIMP.2022.108615","volume":"106","author":"R Aggarwal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aggarwal R, Dewan A, Pandey A et al (2022) Efficacy of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in severe and critical COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. Int Immunopharmacol 106:108615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.INTIMP.2022.108615","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"9110_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623309","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2025.1623309","volume":"16","author":"D McGrosso","year":"2025","unstructured":"McGrosso D, Raygoza J, Kumar AJ et al (2025) Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin modulates coagulation- and complement-related pathways in COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 16:1623309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2025.1623309","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00440-9","volume":"10","author":"A Mazeraud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mazeraud A, Jamme M, Mancusi RL et al (2022) Intravenous immunoglobulins in patients with COVID-19-associated moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ICAR): multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med 10:158\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00440-9","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"9110_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107205","volume":"90","author":"P Tabarsi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tabarsi P, Barati S, Jamaati H et al (2021) Evaluating the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) on the management of severe COVID-19 cases: a randomized controlled trial. Int Immunopharmacol 90:107205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107205","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"9110_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.01.009","volume":"105","author":"C Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang C, Fei L, Li W et al (2021) Efficacy evaluation of intravenous immunoglobulin in non-severe patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study based on propensity score matching. Int J Infect Dis 105:525\u2013531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.01.009","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2020.1856058","volume":"37","author":"F Esen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Esen F, \u00d6zcan PE, Orhun G et al (2021) Effects of adjunct treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins on the course of severe COVID-19: results from a retrospective cohort study. Curr Med Res Opin 37:543\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03007995.2020.1856058","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"9110_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAA593","volume":"222","author":"J Schwaiger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schwaiger J, Karbiener M, Aberham C et al (2020) No SARS-CoV-2 neutralization by intravenous immunoglobulins produced from plasma collected before the 2020 pandemic. J Infect Dis 222:1960\u20131964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAA593","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAB482","volume":"224","author":"M Karbiener","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karbiener M, Farcet MR, Schwaiger J et al (2021) Highly potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralization by intravenous immunoglobulins manufactured from post-COVID-19 and COVID-19-vaccinated plasma donations. J Infect Dis 224:1707\u20131711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAB482","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAB142","volume":"226","author":"MR Farcet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farcet MR, Karbiener M, Schwaiger J et al (2022) Rapidly increasing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 neutralization by intravenous immunoglobulins produced from plasma collected during the 2020 pandemic. J Infect Dis 226:1357\u20131361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAB142","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAC358","volume":"226","author":"MR Farcet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farcet MR, Karbiener M, Knotzer S et al (2022) Omicron severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 neutralization by immunoglobulin preparations manufactured from plasma collected in the United States and Europe. J Infect Dis 226:1396\u20131400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAC358","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033651","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2022.1033651","volume":"13","author":"JS Thompson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thompson JS, Thornton AC, Ainger T, Garvy BA (2023) Long-term high-dose immunoglobulin successfully treats long COVID patients with pulmonary, neurologic, and cardiologic symptoms. Front Immunol 13:1033651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2022.1033651","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HJH.0001020620.89001.4B","volume":"42","author":"F Seibert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seibert F, Wiemers L, Stervbo U et al (2024) Intravenous immunoglobulins lead to functional vascular amelioration in long-COVID. J Hypertens 42:e128\u2013e129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.HJH.0001020620.89001.4B","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"9110_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2025.1551122","volume":"16","author":"Z Peng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peng Z, Zhou G (2025) Progress on diagnosis and treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Front Immunol 16:1551122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2025.1551122","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJOPEN-2023-078137","author":"N Sch\u00f6bi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6bi N, Sanchez C, Welzel T et al (2024) Swissped-recovery: masked independent adjudication for the interpretation of non-randomised treatment in a two-arm open-label randomised controlled trial (methylprednisolone vs immunoglobulins) in Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) involving 10 secondary and tertiary paediatric hospitals in Switzerland. BMJ Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJOPEN-2023-078137","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"9110_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FNINS.2023.1159929","volume":"17","author":"P Manganotti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manganotti P, Garascia G, Furlanis G, Buoite Stella A (2023) Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) on COVID-19-related neurological disorders over the last 2 years: an up-to-date narrative review. Front Neurosci 17:1159929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FNINS.2023.1159929","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"9110_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.70552","volume":"16","author":"H Feiz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feiz H, Castellano C, Feiz L (2024) Complications of long COVID: unraveling a case of very-late-onset myasthenia gravis. Cureus 16:e70552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.70552","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"9110_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2023.1240089","volume":"14","author":"CH Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu CH, Chiu LC, Lee CC, Chan TM (2023) Case report: High-dose steroid and IVIG successful treatment in a case of COVID-19-associated autoimmune encephalitis: a literature review. Front Immunol 14:1240089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2023.1240089","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S363716","volume":"15","author":"AR Marinescu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marinescu AR, Lazureanu VE, Musta VF et al (2022) Severe thrombocytopenic purpura associated with COVID-19 in a pediatric patient. Infect Drug Resist 15:3405\u20133415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S363716","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"9110_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/NMO.14314","volume":"34","author":"M Montalvo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Montalvo M, Nallapaneni P, Hassan S et al (2022) Autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility following SARS-CoV-2 infection successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. Neurogastroenterol Motil 34:e14314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/NMO.14314","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"9110_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120093","DOI":"10.3389\/FPED.2023.1120093","volume":"11","author":"K Shinno","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shinno K, Banno Y, Kamimaki I (2023) Severe immune thrombocytopenia that developed immediately after COVID-19 in a school-aged patient: a case report. Front Pediatr 11:1120093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPED.2023.1120093","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"9110_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E37888","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037888","volume":"103","author":"P Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang P, Chen J, Zhao W, Liu J (2024) Lower-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for geriatric inflammatory bowel disease accompanied by COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 103:E37888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000037888","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"9110_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/BCR-2021-242365","volume":"14","author":"JJ Garcia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garcia JJ, Turalde CW, Bagnas MA, Anlacan VM (2021) Intravenous immunoglobulin in COVID-19 associated Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in pregnancy. BMJ Case Rep 14:e242365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BCR-2021-242365","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"9110_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJPO-2024-003148","volume":"9","author":"PH Phan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Phan PH, Hoang CN, Nguyen HTT et al (2025) Comparison of methylprednisolone alone versus intravenous immunoglobulin plus methylprednisolone for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). BMJ Paediatr Open 9:e003148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJPO-2024-003148","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"key":"9110_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.32641\/ANDESPEDIATR.V95I2.4888","volume":"95","author":"L Pe\u00f1a Bustos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a Bustos L, Oviedo Sarmiento C, Carolina Rivacoba M et al (2024) Kawasaki disease versus Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome COVID-19 with Kawasaki disease phenotype. Andes Pediatr 95:174\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32641\/ANDESPEDIATR.V95I2.4888","journal-title":"Andes Pediatr"},{"key":"9110_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200244","volume":"11","author":"L McAlpine","year":"2024","unstructured":"McAlpine L, Zubair AS, Joseph P, Spudich S (2024) Case-control study of individuals with small fiber neuropathy after COVID-19. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 11:e200244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200244","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"9110_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1007\/S12098-022-04385-9","volume":"90","author":"R Kapoor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kapoor R, Chandra T, Singh CP et al (2023) Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) related to SARS-CoV-2 and 1-year follow-up. Indian J Pediatr 90:1008\u20131012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12098-022-04385-9","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"9110_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.47102\/ANNALS-ACADMEDSG.202283","volume":"51","author":"KD Nadua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nadua KD, Chong CY, Kam KQ et al (2022) Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap 51:669\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47102\/ANNALS-ACADMEDSG.202283","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singap"},{"key":"9110_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0274104","volume":"17","author":"F Rostami-Maskopaee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rostami-Maskopaee F, Ladomenou F, Razavi-Amoli SK et al (2022) Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following COVID-19 infection in Iran: a multicenter study. PLoS ONE 17:e0274104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0274104","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9110_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12969-022-00726-2","volume":"20","author":"\u0130 Devrim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Devrim \u0130, B\u00f6nc\u00fco\u011flu E, K\u0131ymet E et al (2022) A retrospective comparative analysis of factors affecting the decision and outcome of initial intravenous immunoglobulin alone or intravenous immunoglobulin plus methylprednisolone use in children with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 20:69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12969-022-00726-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"9110_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1007\/S12098-022-04254-5","volume":"89","author":"NK Bagri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bagri NK, Khan M, Pandey RM et al (2022) Initial immunomodulation and outcome of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19: a multisite study from India. Indian J Pediatr 89:1236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12098-022-04254-5","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"9110_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/S42358-022-00237-4","volume":"62","author":"A Cavalcanti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cavalcanti A, Islab\u00e3o A, Magalh\u00e3es C et al (2022) Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS): a Brazilian cohort. Adv Rheumatol 62:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S42358-022-00237-4","journal-title":"Adv Rheumatol"},{"key":"9110_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.3390\/V13102022","volume":"13","author":"M Fabi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fabi M, Filice E, Biagi C et al (2021) Multisystem inflammatory syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: one year after the onset of the pandemic in a high-incidence area. Viruses 13:2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/V13102022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"9110_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2021.1987732","author":"B S\u00f6zeri","year":"2021","unstructured":"S\u00f6zeri B, \u00c7a\u011flayan \u015e, Atasayan V et al (2021) The clinical course and short-term health outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in the single pediatric rheumatology center. Postgrad Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00325481.2021.1987732","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"9110_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CELL.2020.09.034","volume":"183","author":"CN Gruber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gruber CN, Patel RS, Trachtman R et al (2020) Mapping systemic inflammation and antibody responses in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Cell 183:982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CELL.2020.09.034","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9110_CR245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/S13312-020-2026-0","volume":"57","author":"S Jain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jain S, Sen S, Lakshmivenkateshiah S et al (2020) Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19 in Mumbai, India. Indian Pediatr 57:1015\u20131019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S13312-020-2026-0","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"9110_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI141113","volume":"130","author":"PY Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee PY, Day-Lewis M, Henderson LA et al (2020) Distinct clinical and immunological features of SARS\u2013CoV-2\u2013induced multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. J Clin Invest 130:5942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI141113","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9110_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1136\/ANNRHEUMDIS-2020-217960","volume":"79","author":"M Pouletty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pouletty M, Borocco C, Ouldali N et al (2020) Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 79:999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ANNRHEUMDIS-2020-217960","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"9110_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/INTIMM\/DXX039","volume":"29","author":"C Galeotti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Galeotti C, Kaveri SV, Bayry J (2017) IVIG-mediated effector functions in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Int Immunol 29:491\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INTIMM\/DXX039","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.XCRM.2021.100431","volume":"2","author":"M Ganigara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ganigara M, Sharma C, Bayry J (2021) Unraveling the mechanisms of IVIG immunotherapy in MIS-C. Cell Rep Med 2:100431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.XCRM.2021.100431","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"9110_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/S00210-012-0765-8","volume":"385","author":"K Murakami","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murakami K, Suzuki C, Kobayashi F et al (2012) Intravenous immunoglobulin preparation attenuates LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytic cells by modulating TLR4-mediated signaling pathways. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 385:891\u2013898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00210-012-0765-8","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"9110_CR251","first-page":"15879","volume":"8","author":"C Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou C, Huang M, Xie L et al (2015) IVIG inhibits TNF-\u03b1-induced MMP9 expression and activity in monocytes by suppressing NF-\u03baB and P38 MAPK activation. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 8:15879","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"9110_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1002\/EJI.1830250521","volume":"25","author":"VR de Souza","year":"1995","unstructured":"de Souza VR, Carreno M-P, Kaveri SV et al (1995) Selective induction of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-8 in human monocytes by normal polyspecific IgG (intravenous immunoglobulin). Eur J Immunol 25:1267\u20131273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/EJI.1830250521","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1189\/JLB.3VMA0315-078R","volume":"98","author":"LK Kozicky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kozicky LK, Zhao ZY, Menzies SC et al (2015) Intravenous immunoglobulin skews macrophages to an anti-inflammatory, IL-10-producing activation state. J Leukoc Biol 98:983\u2013994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/JLB.3VMA0315-078R","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"9110_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116862","volume":"92","author":"M Svenson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Svenson M, Hansen MB, Bendtzen K (1993) Binding of cytokines to pharmaceutically prepared human immunoglobulin. J Clin Invest 92:2533\u20132539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI116862","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9110_CR255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90701-3","volume":"324","author":"Y Sultan","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sultan Y, Maisonneuve P, Kazatchkine MD, Nydegger UE (1984) Anti-idiotypic suppression of autoantibodies to factor VIII (anti-haemophilic factor) by high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin. Lancet 324:765\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90701-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9110_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605083141907","volume":"314","author":"SB Clarkson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Clarkson SB, Bussel JB, Kimberly RP et al (1986) Treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura with an anti-Fc\u03b3-receptor antibody. N Engl J Med 314:1236\u20131239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198605083141907","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9110_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24394","volume":"115","author":"N Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li N, Zhao M, Hilario-Vargas J et al (2005) Complete FcRn dependence for intravenous Ig therapy in autoimmune skin blistering diseases. J Clin Invest 115:3440\u20133450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI24394","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9110_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3660","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2010-05-284919","volume":"116","author":"P Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen P, Li C, Lang S et al (2010) Animal model of fetal and neonatal immune thrombocytopenia: role of neonatal Fc receptor in the pathogenesis and therapy. Blood 116:3660\u20133668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD-2010-05-284919","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"9110_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBRC.2019.11.169","volume":"522","author":"A Hori","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hori A, Fujimura T, Murakami M et al (2020) Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) acts directly on conventional T cells to suppress T cell receptor signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 522:792\u2013798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BBRC.2019.11.169","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"9110_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2010.12.1102","volume":"127","author":"MS Maddur","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maddur MS, Vani J, Hegde P et al (2011) Inhibition of differentiation, amplification, and function of human T H17 cells by intravenous immunoglobulin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 127:823-830.e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2010.12.1102","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.4049\/JIMMUNOL.161.7.3781","volume":"161","author":"NKA Prasad","year":"1998","unstructured":"Prasad NKA, Papoff G, Zeuner A et al (1998) Therapeutic preparations of normal polyspecific IgG (IVIg) induce apoptosis in human lymphocytes and monocytes: a novel mechanism of action of IVIg involving the fas apoptotic pathway. J Immunol 161:3781\u20133790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/JIMMUNOL.161.7.3781","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2008-02-138073","volume":"112","author":"AS De Groot","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Groot AS, Moise L, McMurry JA et al (2008) Activation of natural regulatory T cells by IgG Fc-derived peptide \u201cTregitopes.\u201d Blood 112:3303\u20133311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD-2008-02-138073","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"9110_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3899\/JRHEUM.111123","volume":"39","author":"J Bayry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bayry J, Mouthon L, Kaveri SV (2012) Intravenous immunoglobulin expands regulatory T cells in autoimmune rheumatic disease. J Rheumatol 39:450\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/JRHEUM.111123","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"9110_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2012-11-468264","volume":"122","author":"J Trinath","year":"2013","unstructured":"Trinath J, Hegde P, Sharma M et al (2013) Intravenous immunoglobulin expands regulatory T cells via induction of cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin E2 in human dendritic cells. Blood 122:1419\u20131427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD-2012-11-468264","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"9110_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2013.09.029","volume":"133","author":"AH Massoud","year":"2014","unstructured":"Massoud AH, Yona M, Xue D et al (2014) Dendritic cell immunoreceptor: A novel receptor for intravenous immunoglobulin mediates induction of regulatory T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 133:853\u201363.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2013.09.029","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2009-12-261461","volume":"116","author":"JF S\u00e9\u00eft\u00e9","year":"2010","unstructured":"S\u00e9\u00eft\u00e9 JF, Cornec D, Renaudineau Y et al (2010) IVIg modulates BCR signaling through CD22 and promotes apoptosis in mature human B lymphocytes. Blood 116:1698\u20131704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD-2009-12-261461","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"9110_CR267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TRIM.2010.06.012","volume":"23","author":"N Amet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amet N, Gacad M, Petrosyan A et al (2010) In vitro effects of everolimus and intravenous immunoglobulin on cell proliferation and apoptosis induction in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Transpl Immunol 23:170\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TRIM.2010.06.012","journal-title":"Transpl Immunol"},{"key":"9110_CR268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2006-05-021568","volume":"108","author":"S Von Gunten","year":"2006","unstructured":"Von Gunten S, Schaub A, Vogel M et al (2006) Immunologic and functional evidence for anti-Siglec-9 autoantibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. Blood 108:4255\u20134259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD-2006-05-021568","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"9110_CR269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2007-04-084061","volume":"111","author":"J Chang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chang J, Shi PA, Chiang EY, Frenette PS (2008) Intravenous immunoglobulins reverse acute vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell mice through rapid inhibition of neutrophil adhesion. Blood 111:915\u2013923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD-2007-04-084061","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"9110_CR270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI147076","volume":"131","author":"YP Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu YP, Shamie I, Lee JC et al (2021) Immune response to intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with Kawasaki disease and MIS-C. J Clin Invest 131:e147076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI147076","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9110_CR271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2002-05-1447","volume":"101","author":"J Bayry","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bayry J, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Carbonneil C et al (2003) Inhibition of maturation and function of dendritic cells by intravenous immunoglobulin. Blood 101:758\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD-2002-05-1447","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"9110_CR272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5037","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2007-07-099549","volume":"111","author":"A Smed-S\u00f6rensen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smed-S\u00f6rensen A, Moll M, Cheng TY et al (2008) IgG regulates the CD1 expression profile and lipid antigen-presenting function in human dendritic cells via Rr\u03b3RIIa. Blood 111:5037\u20135046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD-2007-07-099549","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"9110_CR273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2009-06-225417","volume":"115","author":"\u00c9 Aubin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aubin \u00c9, Lemieux R, Bazin R (2010) Indirect inhibition of in vivo and in vitro T-cell responses by intravenous immunoglobulins due to impaired antigen presentation. Blood 115:1727\u20131734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD-2009-06-225417","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"9110_CR274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.05.003","volume":"156","author":"N Rambabu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rambabu N, Alzaid F, An\u0111elkovi\u0107 BD et al (2025) Regulation of immune cell metabolism by therapeutic normal IgG intravenous immunoglobulin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 156:418\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.05.003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Reviews in Allergy &amp; Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-025-09110-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12016-025-09110-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-025-09110-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T23:22:22Z","timestamp":1762989742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12016-025-09110-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"references-count":274,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-025-09110-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"99"}}