{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T08:18:17Z","timestamp":1793607497530,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-025-09128-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T12:14:07Z","timestamp":1772453647000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Untangling the Complexity of Childhood Atopic Dermatitis: Phenotypes and Endotypes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4239-1164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Dumycz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5377-5254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Zygad\u0142o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8791-1471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Marzec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2246-0481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Strus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5360-4372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Kulus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9710-6685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Sokolowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7473-5355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Venter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0177-3844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald Y M","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6613-2012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Feleszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"9128_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMRA074081","volume":"358","author":"T Bieber","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bieber T (2008) Atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med 358:1483\u20131494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMRA074081","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9128_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41572-018-0001-Z","author":"S Weidinger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weidinger S, Beck LA, Bieber T et al (2018) Atopic dermatitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41572-018-0001-Z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"9128_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-54513-9_4","volume":"1447","author":"C Ahn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahn C, Huang W (2024) Clinical presentation of atopic dermatitis. Adv Exp Med Biol 1447:37\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-54513-9_4","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"9128_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00149-X","volume":"387","author":"S Weidinger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weidinger S, Novak N (2016) Atopic dermatitis. Lancet 387:1109\u20131122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00149-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9128_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ANAI.2020.12.020","volume":"126","author":"JI Silverberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silverberg JI, Barbarot S, Gadkari A et al (2021) Atopic dermatitis in the pediatric population: A cross-sectional, international epidemiologic study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 126:417\u2013428e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ANAI.2020.12.020","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1111\/ALL.13401","volume":"73","author":"S Barbarot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barbarot S, Auziere S, Gadkari A et al (2018) Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in adults: results from an international survey. Allergy 73:1284\u20131293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ALL.13401","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02519-4","volume":"405","author":"E Guttman-Yassky","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guttman-Yassky E, Renert-Yuval Y, Brunner PM (2025) Atopic dermatitis. Lancet 405:583\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02519-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9128_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2024.1361005","author":"M Afshari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Afshari M, Kolackova M, Rosecka M et al (2024) Unraveling the skin; a comprehensive review of atopic dermatitis, current understanding, and approaches. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2024.1361005","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2024.07.027","author":"J Zeldin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeldin J, Ratley G, Shobnam N, Myles IA (2024) The clinical, mechanistic, and social impacts of air pollution on atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2024.07.027","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FMOLB.2023.1159404","author":"T \u00c7etinarslan","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00c7etinarslan T, K\u00fcmper L, F\u00f6lster-Holst R (2023) The immunological and structural epidermal barrier dysfunction and skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis-an update. Front Mol Biosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FMOLB.2023.1159404","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"9128_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2024.04.029","volume":"154","author":"C H\u00fclp\u00fcsch","year":"2024","unstructured":"H\u00fclp\u00fcsch C, Rohayem R, Reiger M, Traidl-Hoffmann C (2024) Exploring the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and disease modification. J Allergy Clin Immunol 154:31\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2024.04.029","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/S40257-022-00697-W","volume":"23","author":"R Chovatiya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chovatiya R, Silverberg JI (2022) Evaluating the longitudinal course of atopic dermatitis: implications for clinical practice. Am J Clin Dermatol 23:459\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S40257-022-00697-W","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAIP.2020.02.022","volume":"8","author":"T Nomura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nomura T, Wu J, Kabashima K, Guttman-Yassky E (2020) Endophenotypic variations of atopic dermatitis by age, race, and ethnicity. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 8:1840\u20131852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAIP.2020.02.022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"9128_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1111\/ALL.16247","volume":"79","author":"C Traidl-Hoffmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Traidl-Hoffmann C, Afghani J, Akdis CA et al (2024) Navigating the evolving landscape of atopic dermatitis: challenges and future opportunities: the 4th Davos declaration. Allergy 79:2605\u20132624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ALL.16247","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2017.01.008","volume":"139","author":"T Bieber","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bieber T, D\u2019Erme AM, Akdis CA et al (2017) Clinical phenotypes and endophenotypes of atopic dermatitis: where are we, and where should we go? J Allergy Clin Immunol 139:S58\u2013S64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2017.01.008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EBIOM.2024.105121","author":"CO Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park CO, Kim SM, Lee KH, Bieber T (2024) Biomarkers for phenotype-endotype relationship in atopic dermatitis: a critical review. EBioMedicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EBIOM.2024.105121","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"9128_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/S41573-021-00266-6","volume":"21","author":"T Bieber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bieber T (2022) Atopic dermatitis: an expanding therapeutic pipeline for a complex disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 21:21\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41573-021-00266-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"9128_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1034\/J.1600-0625.2001.100102.X","volume":"10","author":"JM Hanifin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hanifin JM, Thurston M, Omoto M et al (2001) The eczema area and severity index (EASI): assessment of reliability in atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 10:11\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/J.1600-0625.2001.100102.X","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1159\/000247298","volume":"186","author":"JF Stalder","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stalder JF, Ta\u00efeb A, Atherton DJ et al (1993) Severity scoring of atopic dermatitis: the SCORAD index. Consensus report of the European task force on atopic dermatitis. Dermatology 186:23\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000247298","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"9128_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1001\/ARCHDERM.140.12.1513","volume":"140","author":"CR Charman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Charman CR, Venn AJ, Williams HC (2004) The patient-oriented eczema measure: development and initial validation of a new tool for measuring atopic eczema severity from the patients\u2019 perspective. Arch Dermatol 140:1513\u20131519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/ARCHDERM.140.12.1513","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang C, Wu X, He J et al (2024) Validation of IGA*BSA in assessing disease severity and response in patients with atopic dermatitis: A retrospective cohort study in China. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/DERM.2024.0226. Dermatitis","DOI":"10.1089\/DERM.2024.0226"},{"key":"9128_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAAD.2020.04.104","volume":"83","author":"E Simpson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Simpson E, Bissonnette R, Eichenfield LF et al (2020) The validated investigator global assessment for atopic dermatitis (vIGA-AD): the development and reliability testing of a novel clinical outcome measurement instrument for the severity of atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 83:839\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAAD.2020.04.104","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FALGY.2023.1203304","author":"N Lunjani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lunjani N, Kerbelker T, Mdletshe FB et al (2024) Phenotypes, endotypes and genotypes of atopic dermatitis and allergy in populations of African ancestry on the continent and diaspora. Front Allergy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FALGY.2023.1203304","journal-title":"Front Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ANAI.2023.11.009","volume":"132","author":"DK Chu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chu DK, Schneider L, Asiniwasis RN et al (2024) Atopic dermatitis (eczema) guidelines: 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology\/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters GRADE- and Institute of Medicine-based recommendations. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 132:274\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ANAI.2023.11.009","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2025.2460578","author":"F Rob","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rob F, Pinkova B, Sokolova K et al (2025) Real-world efficacy and safety of dupilumab in children with atopic dermatitis under 6 years of age: a retrospective multicentric study. J Dermatolog Treat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09546634.2025.2460578","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"9128_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2019.07.008","volume":"48","author":"A Akan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akan A, Dibek-M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131o\u011flu E, Civelek E et al (2020) Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in children: comparison of the Hanifin-Rajka and the United Kingdom Working Party criteria. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 48:175\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aller.2019.07.008","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"9128_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08530.x","volume":"131","author":"HC Williams","year":"1994","unstructured":"Williams HC, Jburney PG, Hay RJ et al (1994) The U.K. working party\u2019s diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis. I. Derivation of a minimum set of discriminators for atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 131:383\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08530.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2133.1994.TB08531.X","volume":"131","author":"HC Williams","year":"1994","unstructured":"Williams HC, Jburney PG, Strachan D, Hay RJ (1994) The U.K. working party\u2019s diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis. II. Observer variation of clinical diagnosis and signs of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 131:397\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2133.1994.TB08531.X","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2133.1994.TB08532.X","volume":"131","author":"HC Williams","year":"1994","unstructured":"Williams HC, Jburney PG, Pembroke AC, Hay RJ (1994) The U.K. working party\u2019s diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis. III. Independent hospital validation. Br J Dermatol 131:406\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2133.1994.TB08532.X","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM13061754","author":"AM Ho\u0142drowicz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ho\u0142drowicz AM, Wo\u017aniacka A (2024) The efficacy and effectiveness of the biological treatment of pruritus in the course of atopic dermatitis. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/JCM13061754","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"9128_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAAD.2018.09.035","volume":"80","author":"YW Yew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yew YW, Thyssen JP, Silverberg JI (2019) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the regional and age-related differences in atopic dermatitis clinical characteristics. J Am Acad Dermatol 80:390\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAAD.2018.09.035","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1111\/JDV.15618","volume":"33","author":"Y Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo Y, Zhang H, Liu Q et al (2019) Phenotypic analysis of atopic dermatitis in children aged 1\u201312 months: elaboration of novel diagnostic criteria for infants in China and estimation of prevalence. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 33:1569\u20131576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/JDV.15618","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"9128_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IAC.2014.09.008","volume":"35","author":"JJ Lyons","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lyons JJ, Milner JD, Stone KD (2015) Atopic dermatitis in children: clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 35:161\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IAC.2014.09.008","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"9128_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/JKMS.2022.37.E30","author":"YH Jeon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jeon YH, Ahn K, Kim J et al (2022) Clinical characteristics of atopic dermatitis in Korean school-aged children and adolescents according to onset age and severity. J Korean Med Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/JKMS.2022.37.E30","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"9128_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1468-3083.2010.03953.X","volume":"25","author":"M Shi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shi M, Zhang H, Chen X et al (2011) Clinical features of atopic dermatitis in a hospital-based setting in China. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 25:1206\u20131212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1468-3083.2010.03953.X","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"9128_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJ.324.7350.1376","volume":"324","author":"RSC Barnetson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barnetson RSC, Rogers M (2002) Childhood atopic eczema. BMJ 324:1376\u20131379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJ.324.7350.1376","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9128_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAIP.2017.10.005","volume":"6","author":"JI Silverberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silverberg JI, Vakharia PP, Chopra R et al (2018) Phenotypical differences of childhood- and adult-onset atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 6:1306\u20131312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAIP.2017.10.005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"9128_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chu H, Kim SM, Zhang KL et al (2023) Head and neck dermatitis is exacerbated by malassezia furfur colonization, skin barrier disruption, and immune dysregulation. Front Immunol 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2023.1114321","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2023.1114321"},{"key":"9128_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/PDE.14437","volume":"38","author":"A Guglielmo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guglielmo A, Sechi A, Patrizi A et al (2021) Head and neck dermatitis, a subtype of atopic dermatitis induced by malassezia spp: clinical aspects and treatment outcomes in adolescent and adult patients. Pediatr Dermatol 38:109\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/PDE.14437","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM12072701","author":"A Chiricozzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chiricozzi A, Maurelli M, Calabrese L et al (2023) Overview of atopic dermatitis in different ethnic groups. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/JCM12072701","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"9128_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2015.08.015","volume":"136","author":"S Noda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Noda S, Su\u00e1rez-Fari\u00f1as M, Ungar B et al (2015) The Asian atopic dermatitis phenotype combines features of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis with increased TH17 polarization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 136:1254\u20131264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2015.08.015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1525-1470.2012.01740.X","volume":"29","author":"V Vachiramon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vachiramon V, Tey HL, Thompson AE, Yosipovitch G (2012) Atopic dermatitis in African American children: addressing unmet needs of a common disease. Pediatr Dermatol 29:395\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1525-1470.2012.01740.X","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1365-2133.2002.04965.X","volume":"147","author":"MA Ben-Gashir","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ben-Gashir MA, Seed PT, Hay RJ (2002) Reliance on erythema scores may mask severe atopic dermatitis in black children compared with their white counterparts. Br J Dermatol 147:920\u2013925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/J.1365-2133.2002.04965.X","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM12103419","author":"GB Soares","year":"2023","unstructured":"Soares GB, Orfali RL, Averbach BL et al (2023) Atopic dermatitis in Latin America: considerations on epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features, ethnic\/racial variations, and therapeutic management. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/JCM12103419","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"9128_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.18176\/JIACI.0478","volume":"31","author":"LK Arruda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arruda LK, Yang AC, Aoki V et al (2021) Clinical features and disease management in adult patients with atopic dermatitis receiving care at reference hospitals in brazil: the ADAPT study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 31:236\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18176\/JIACI.0478","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.WAOJOU.2021.100611","author":"G Sanclemente","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sanclemente G, Hernandez N, Chaparro D et al (2021) Epidemiologic features and burden of atopic dermatitis in adolescent and adult patients: a cross-sectional multicenter study. World Allergy Organ J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.WAOJOU.2021.100611","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"9128_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/ALL.14974","volume":"77","author":"N Lunjani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lunjani N, Tan G, Dreher A et al (2022) Environment-dependent alterations of immune mediators in urban and rural South African children with atopic dermatitis. Allergy 77:569\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ALL.14974","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.04.036","author":"SJ Gabryszewski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gabryszewski SJ, Hill DA (2021) One march, many paths: insights into allergic march trajectories. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2021.04.036","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"von Kobyletzki LB, Bornehag CG, Hasselgren M et al (2012) Eczema in early childhood is strongly associated with the development of asthma and rhinitis in a prospective cohort. BMC Dermatol 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-5945-12-11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-5945-12-11"},{"key":"9128_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0131369","author":"F Amat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amat F, Saint-Pierre P, Bourrat E et al (2015) Early-onset atopic dermatitis in children: which are the phenotypes at risk of asthma? Results from the ORCA cohort. PLoS One. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0131369","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9128_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/ALL.12844","volume":"71","author":"E Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee E, Lee SH, Kwon JW et al (2016) Atopic dermatitis phenotype with early onset and high serum IL-13 is linked to the new development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in school children. Allergy 71:692\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ALL.12844","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JDERMSCI.2016.08.003","volume":"84","author":"T Shoda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shoda T, Futamura M, Yang L et al (2016) Timing of eczema onset and risk of food allergy at 3 years of age: A hospital-based prospective birth cohort study. J Dermatol Sci 84:144\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JDERMSCI.2016.08.003","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"9128_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.0556","volume":"171","author":"C Roduit","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roduit C, Frei R, Depner M et al (2017) Phenotypes of atopic dermatitis depending on the timing of onset and progression in childhood. JAMA Pediatr 171:655\u2013662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.0556","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"9128_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2017.09.044","volume":"141","author":"L Paternoster","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paternoster L, Savenije OEM, Heron J et al (2018) Identification of atopic dermatitis subgroups in children from 2 longitudinal birth cohorts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 141:964\u2013971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2017.09.044","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ALIT.2019.02.010","volume":"68","author":"K Yamamoto-Hanada","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yamamoto-Hanada K, Yang L, Saito-Abe M et al (2019) Four phenotypes of atopic dermatitis in Japanese children: A general population birth cohort study. Allergol Int 68:521\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ALIT.2019.02.010","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"9128_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14714","volume":"46","author":"E Seo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seo E, Yoon J, Jung S et al (2019) Phenotypes of atopic dermatitis identified by cluster analysis in early childhood. J Dermatol 46:117\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.14714","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13601-020-0310-7","author":"C Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu C, Nijsten T, Van Meel ER et al (2020) Eczema phenotypes and risk of allergic and respiratory conditions in school age children. Clin Transl Allergy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S13601-020-0310-7","journal-title":"Clin Transl Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1111\/CEA.13993","volume":"51","author":"NHA Suaini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suaini NHA, Yap GC, Bui DPT et al (2021) Atopic dermatitis trajectories to age 8 years in the GUSTO cohort. Clin Exp Allergy 51:1195\u20131206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CEA.13993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/BJD.20767","volume":"186","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nakamura T, Haider S, Fontanella S et al (2022) Modelling trajectories of parentally reported and physician-confirmed atopic dermatitis in a birth cohort study. Br J Dermatol 186:274\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/BJD.20767","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0260447","author":"K Yamamoto-Hanada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yamamoto-Hanada K, Suzuki Y, Yang L et al (2021) Persistent eczema leads to both impaired growth and food allergy: JECS birth cohort. PLoS One 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0260447","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9128_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1111\/ALL.15108","volume":"77","author":"AMM Schoos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schoos AMM, Chawes BL, B\u00f8nnelykke K et al (2022) Increasing severity of early-onset atopic dermatitis, but not late-onset, associates with development of aeroallergen sensitization and allergic rhinitis in childhood. Allergy 77:1254\u20131262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ALL.15108","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/CEA.13379","volume":"49","author":"E Johansson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johansson E, Biagini Myers JM, Martin LJ et al (2019) Identification of two early life eczema and non-eczema phenotypes with high risk for asthma development. Clin Exp Allergy 49:829\u2013837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CEA.13379","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.4168\/AAIR.2022.14.5.565","volume":"14","author":"S Jung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jung S, Lee SY, Yoon J et al (2022) Atopic dermatitis with coexisting food allergy in early life is associated with childhood asthma. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 14:565\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4168\/AAIR.2022.14.5.565","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"9128_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ALIT.2022.05.012","volume":"72","author":"T Kiguchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kiguchi T, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Saito-Abe M et al (2023) Eczema phenotypes and IgE component sensitization in adolescents: a population-based birth cohort. Allergol Int 72:107\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ALIT.2022.05.012","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"9128_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5415\/APALLERGY.2022.12.E2","author":"T Arima","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arima T, Shiko Y, Kawasaki Y et al (2022) Phenotypes of atopic dermatitis up to 36 months of age by latent class analysis and associated factors in Japan. Asia Pac Allergy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5415\/APALLERGY.2022.12.E2","journal-title":"Asia Pac Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/CEA.14139","volume":"52","author":"DJ Lopez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lopez DJ, Lodge CJ, Bui DS et al (2022) Establishing subclasses of childhood eczema, their risk factors and prognosis. Clin Exp Allergy 52:1079\u20131090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CEA.14139","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/CEA.14068","volume":"52","author":"AH Ziyab","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ziyab AH, Mukherjee N, Zhang H et al (2022) Sex-specific developmental trajectories of eczema from infancy to age 26 years: A birth cohort study. Clin Exp Allergy 52:416\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CEA.14068","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miltner LA, Vonk JM, van der Velde JL, Sprikkelman AB (2024) Eczema in early childhood increases the risk of allergic multimorbidity. Clin Transl Allergy 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/CLT2.12384","DOI":"10.1002\/CLT2.12384"},{"key":"9128_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAAD.2021.07.064","volume":"86","author":"H Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li H, Dai T, Liu C et al (2022) Phenotypes of atopic dermatitis and the risk for subsequent asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 86:365\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAAD.2021.07.064","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2025.15094","volume":"8","author":"AR Sitarik","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sitarik AR, Eapen AA, Biagini JM et al (2025) Phenotypes of atopic dermatitis and development of allergic diseases. JAMA Netw Open 8:e2515094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2025.15094","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"9128_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/BJD\/LJAD326","volume":"190","author":"S Haider","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haider S, Granell R, Curtin JA et al (2023) Identification of eczema clusters and their association with filaggrin and atopic comorbidities: analysis of five birth cohorts. Br J Dermatol 190:45\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/BJD\/LJAD326","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/15569527.2023.2300782","volume":"43","author":"Z Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Z, Shi Z, Deng Y (2024) Clinical features and biomarker differences of severe intrinsic and extrinsic atopic dermatitis. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 43:97\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15569527.2023.2300782","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"key":"9128_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JDERMSCI.2010.02.008","volume":"58","author":"Y Tokura","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tokura Y (2010) Extrinsic and intrinsic types of atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 58:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JDERMSCI.2010.02.008","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"9128_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ALIT.2021.07.003","volume":"71","author":"Y Tokura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tokura Y, Hayano S (2022) Subtypes of atopic dermatitis: from phenotype to endotype. Allergol Int 71:14\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ALIT.2021.07.003","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"9128_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2133.2006.07394.X","volume":"155","author":"JH Park","year":"2006","unstructured":"Park JH, Choi YL, Namkung JH et al (2006) Characteristics of extrinsic vs. intrinsic atopic dermatitis in infancy: correlations with laboratory variables. Br J Dermatol 155:778\u2013783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2133.2006.07394.X","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1398-9995.2006.01076.X","volume":"61","author":"R F\u00f6lster-Holst","year":"2006","unstructured":"F\u00f6lster-Holst R, Pape M, Buss YL et al (2006) Low prevalence of the intrinsic form of atopic dermatitis among adult patients. Allergy 61:629\u2013632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1398-9995.2006.01076.X","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.WAOJOU.2022.100671","author":"HY Yum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yum HY, Lee JS, Bae JM et al (2022) Classification of atopic dermatitis phenotypes according to allergic sensitization by cluster analysis. World Allergy Organ J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.WAOJOU.2022.100671","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"9128_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/CEA.13866","volume":"51","author":"MG Sherenian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sherenian MG, Kothari A, Biagini JM et al (2021) Sensitization to peanut, egg or pets is associated with skin barrier dysfunction in children with atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 51:666\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CEA.13866","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.03.048","volume":"8","author":"JM Biagini Myers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biagini Myers JM, Sherenian MG, Baatyrbek Kyzy A et al (2020) Events in normal skin promote early-life atopic dermatitis\u2014the MPAACH cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 8:2285-2293.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.03.048","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"9128_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ALL.16225","author":"T Czarnowicki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Czarnowicki T, David E, Yamamura K et al (2024) Evolution of pathologic B-cell subsets and serum environment-specific sIgEs in patients with atopic dermatitis and controls, from infancy to adulthood. Allergy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ALL.16225","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2020.08.041","volume":"147","author":"H He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He H, Del Duca E, Diaz A et al (2021) Mild atopic dermatitis lacks systemic inflammation and shows reduced nonlesional skin abnormalities. J Allergy Clin Immunol 147:1369\u20131380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2020.08.041","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/BJD.17088","volume":"180","author":"MA McAleer","year":"2019","unstructured":"McAleer MA, Jakasa I, Hurault G et al (2019) Systemic and stratum corneum biomarkers of severity in infant atopic dermatitis include markers of innate and T helper cell-related immunity and angiogenesis. Br J Dermatol 180:586\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/BJD.17088","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ANAI.2020.08.397","volume":"126","author":"T Lyubchenko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lyubchenko T, Collins HK, Goleva E, Leung DYM (2021) Skin tape sampling technique identifies proinflammatory cytokines in atopic dermatitis skin. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 126:46-53.e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ANAI.2020.08.397","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/BJD.16994","volume":"180","author":"L Hulshof","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hulshof L, Hack DP, Hasnoe QCJ et al (2019) A minimally invasive tool to study immune response and skin barrier in children with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 180:621\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/BJD.16994","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMADERMATOL.2019.2983","volume":"155","author":"E Guttman-Yassky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guttman-Yassky E, Diaz A, Pavel AB et al (2019) Use of tape strips to detect immune and barrier abnormalities in the skin of children with early-onset atopic dermatitis. JAMA Dermatol 155:1358\u20131370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMADERMATOL.2019.2983","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/CEA.14234","volume":"53","author":"K Dumycz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dumycz K, Kunkiel K, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A et al (2023) Interleukin-19 is associated with severity and age-related phenotype of atopic dermatitis in children. Clin Exp Allergy 53:109\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CEA.14234","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2021.01.013","volume":"147","author":"Y Renert-Yuval","year":"2021","unstructured":"Renert-Yuval Y, Thyssen JP, Bissonnette R et al (2021) Biomarkers in atopic dermatitis-a review on behalf of the International Eczema Council. J Allergy Clin Immunol 147:1174-1190.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2021.01.013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2022.11.023","volume":"151","author":"AS Halling","year":"2023","unstructured":"Halling AS, Rinnov MR, Ruge IF et al (2023) Skin TARC\/CCL17 increase precedes the development of childhood atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 151:1550-1557.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2022.11.023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2023.02.013","volume":"151","author":"E Berdyshev","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berdyshev E, Kim J, Kim BE et al (2023) Stratum corneum lipid and cytokine biomarkers at age 2 months predict the future onset of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 151:1307\u20131316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2023.02.013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stamatas GN, Sato T, Chaoimh CN, Oddos T, Insel R, Hourihane JO, Irvine AD (2024) Early skin inflammatory biomarker is predictive of development and persistence of atopic dermatitis in infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol 153(6):1597\u20131603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.02.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.02.018"},{"key":"9128_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fonfara M, Hartmann J, St\u00f6lzl D, Sander N, Harder I, Rodriguez E, H\u00fc\u00fcbenthal M, Mazur C, Kerzel S, Kabesch M, Schmitt J, Emmert H, Suhrkamp I, Weidinger S (2024) Stratum corneumand microbial biomarkers precede and characterize childhood atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 38(9):1769\u20131775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.19932","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19932"},{"key":"9128_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1365-2222.2001.01176.X","volume":"31","author":"VHJ Van Der Velden","year":"2001","unstructured":"Van Der Velden VHJ, Laan MP, Baert MRM et al (2001) Selective development of a strong Th2 cytokine profile in high-risk children who develop atopy: risk factors and regulatory role of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10. Clin Exp Allergy 31:997\u20131006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/J.1365-2222.2001.01176.X","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2018.02.040","volume":"141","author":"PM Brunner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brunner PM, Israel A, Zhang N et al (2018) Early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis is characterized by TH2\/TH17\/TH22-centered inflammation and lipid alterations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 141:2094\u20132106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2018.02.040","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2016.07.013","volume":"138","author":"H Esaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Esaki H, Brunner PM, Renert-Yuval Y et al (2016) Early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis is TH2 but also TH17 polarized in skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 138:1639\u20131651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2016.07.013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.01.001","volume":"148","author":"Y Renert-Yuval","year":"2021","unstructured":"Renert-Yuval Y, Del Duca E, Pavel AB et al (2021) The molecular features of normal and atopic dermatitis skin in infants, children, adolescents, and adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol 148:148\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.01.001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2019.09.031","volume":"145","author":"T Czarnowicki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Czarnowicki T, He H, Canter T et al (2020) Evolution of pathologic T-cell subsets in patients with atopic dermatitis from infancy to adulthood. J Allergy Clin Immunol 145:215\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2019.09.031","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ANAI.2018.11.025","volume":"122","author":"PM Brunner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brunner PM, Israel A, Leonard A et al (2019) Distinct transcriptomic profiles of early-onset atopic dermatitis in blood and skin of pediatric patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 122:318-330.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ANAI.2018.11.025","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAAD.2019.04.036","volume":"81","author":"PM Brunner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brunner PM, He H, Pavel AB et al (2019) The blood proteomic signature of early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis shows systemic inflammation and is distinct from adult long-standing disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 81:510\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAAD.2019.04.036","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2021.06.029","volume":"149","author":"DS Bakker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bakker DS, de Graaf M, Nierkens S et al (2022) Unraveling heterogeneity in pediatric atopic dermatitis: identification of serum biomarker based patient clusters. J Allergy Clin Immunol 149:125\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2021.06.029","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-54513-9_3","volume":"1447","author":"WD Boothe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boothe WD, Tarbox JA, Tarbox MB (2024) Atopic dermatitis: pathophysiology. Adv Exp Med Biol 1447:21\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-54513-9_3","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"9128_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-54513-9_5","volume":"1447","author":"A Marcelletti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marcelletti A, Shan DM, Abdi W et al (2024) Special considerations of atopic dermatitis in skin of color. Adv Exp Med Biol 1447:45\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-54513-9_5","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"9128_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ufodiama CE, Fabowale-Makinde B, Kleyn CE (2023) Atopic dermatitis in individuals of Asian and African ancestry: A scoping systematic review. Dermatol Pract Concept 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5826\/DPC.1304A259","DOI":"10.5826\/DPC.1304A259"},{"key":"9128_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM12144675","author":"O Mahmoud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahmoud O, Yosipovitch G, Attia E (2023) Burden of disease and unmet needs in the diagnosis and management of atopic dermatitis in the Arabic population of the Middle East. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/JCM12144675","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"9128_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2024.06.021","author":"JM Leyva-Castillo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leyva-Castillo JM, Das M, Strakosha M et al (2024) IL-4 acts on skin-derived dendritic cells to promote the TH2 response to cutaneous sensitization and the development of allergic skin inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2024.06.021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2018.06.016","volume":"142","author":"TC Chan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chan TC, Sanyal RD, Pavel AB et al (2018) Atopic dermatitis in Chinese patients shows TH2\/TH17 skewing with psoriasiform features. J Allergy Clin Immunol 142:1013\u20131017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2018.06.016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1749-6632.2009.05133.X","volume":"1183","author":"JM Damsker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Damsker JM, Hansen AM, Caspi RR (2010) Th1 and Th17 cells: adversaries and collaborators. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1183:211\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1749-6632.2009.05133.X","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"9128_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2018.10.032","volume":"143","author":"T Czarnowicki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Czarnowicki T, He H, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E (2019) Atopic dermatitis endotypes and implications for targeted therapeutics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 143:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2018.10.032","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2018.02.047","volume":"142","author":"HC Wen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wen HC, Czarnowicki T, Noda S et al (2018) Serum from Asian patients with atopic dermatitis is characterized by TH2\/TH22 activation, which is highly correlated with nonlesional skin measures. J Allergy Clin Immunol 142:324-328.e11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2018.02.047","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/CEA.14263","volume":"53","author":"E David","year":"2023","unstructured":"David E, Ungar B, Renert-Yuval Y et al (2023) The evolving landscape of biologic therapies for atopic dermatitis: present and future perspective. Clin Exp Allergy 53:156\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CEA.14263","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.08.024","volume":"122","author":"RD Sanyal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanyal RD, Pavel AB, Glickman J et al (2019) Atopic dermatitis in African American patients is T H 2\/T H 22-skewed with T H 1\/T H 17 attenuation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 122:99-110.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2018.08.024","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ANAI.2018.11.015","volume":"122","author":"PM Brunner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brunner PM, Guttman-Yassky E (2019) Racial differences in atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 122:449\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ANAI.2018.11.015","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/JDV.19565","volume":"38","author":"AM Andersson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Andersson AM, Ingham AC, Edslev SM et al (2024) Ethnic endotypes in paediatric atopic dermatitis depend on immunotype, lipid composition and microbiota of the skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 38:365\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/JDV.19565","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"9128_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2021.785549","author":"J Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang J, Yan S, Zhou X et al (2021) Crosstalk between circulating follicular T helper cells and regulatory B cells in children with extrinsic atopic dermatitis. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2021.785549","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JDERMSCI.2012.04.004","volume":"67","author":"R Kabashima-Kubo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kabashima-Kubo R, Nakamura M, Sakabe Jichi et al (2012) A group of atopic dermatitis without IgE elevation or barrier impairment shows a high Th1 frequency: possible immunological state of the intrinsic type. J Dermatol Sci 67:37\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JDERMSCI.2012.04.004","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"9128_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2222.2003.01782.X","volume":"33","author":"CW Jeong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jeong CW, Ahnt KS, Rho NK et al (2003) Differential in vivo cytokine mRNA expression in lesional skin of intrinsic vs. extrinsic atopic dermatitis patients using semiquantitative RT-PCR. Clin Exp Allergy 33:1717\u20131724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2222.2003.01782.X","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2133.2004.06027.X","volume":"151","author":"NK Rho","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rho NK, Kim WS, Lee DY et al (2004) Immunophenotyping of inflammatory cells in lesional skin of the extrinsic and intrinsic types of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 151:119\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2133.2004.06027.X","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2013.04.046","volume":"132","author":"M Su\u00e1rez-Fari\u00f1as","year":"2013","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez-Fari\u00f1as M, Dhingra N, Gittler J et al (2013) Intrinsic atopic dermatitis shows similar TH2 and higher TH17 immune activation compared with extrinsic atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 132:361\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2013.04.046","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav2685","author":"DYM Leung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leung DYM, Calatroni A, Zaramela LS et al (2019) The nonlesional skin surface distinguishes atopic dermatitis with food allergy as a unique endotype. Sci Transl Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav2685","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"9128_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2020.04.022","volume":"146","author":"E Goleva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goleva E, Calatroni A, LeBeau P et al (2020) Skin tape proteomics identifies pathways associated with transepidermal water loss and allergen polysensitization in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 146:1367\u20131378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2020.04.022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/NG1767","volume":"38","author":"CNA Palmer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Palmer CNA, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A et al (2006) Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet 38:441\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/NG1767","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"9128_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ANAI.2019.10.008","volume":"124","author":"C Drislane","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drislane C, Irvine AD (2020) The role of filaggrin in atopic dermatitis and allergic disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 124:36\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ANAI.2019.10.008","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/SJ.JID.5700365","volume":"126","author":"AD Irvine","year":"2006","unstructured":"Irvine AD, McLean WHI (2006) Breaking the (un)sound barrier: filaggrin is a major gene for atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 126:1200\u20131202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/SJ.JID.5700365","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/EXD.13514","volume":"27","author":"BP Kaufman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaufman BP, Guttman-Yassky E, Alexis AF (2018) Atopic dermatitis in diverse racial and ethnic groups-variations in epidemiology, genetics, clinical presentation and treatment. Exp Dermatol 27:340\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/EXD.13514","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2011.393","volume":"132","author":"SJ Brown","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brown SJ, McLean WHI (2012) One remarkable molecule: filaggrin. J Invest Dermatol 132:751\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/JID.2011.393","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2012.07.008","volume":"130","author":"DJ Margolis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Margolis DJ, Apter AJ, Gupta J et al (2012) The persistence of atopic dermatitis and filaggrin (FLG) mutations in a US longitudinal cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol 130:912\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2012.07.008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2014.126","volume":"134","author":"DJ Margolis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Margolis DJ, Gupta J, Apter AJ et al (2014) Exome sequencing of filaggrin and related genes in African-American children with atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 134:2272\u20132274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/JID.2014.126","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e140","DOI":"10.1111\/PDE.13095","volume":"34","author":"K Fernandez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fernandez K, Asad S, Taylan F et al (2017) Intragenic copy number variation in the filaggrin gene in Ethiopian patients with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol 34:e140\u2013e141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/PDE.13095","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2008.01.026","author":"J Henderson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Henderson J, Northstone K, Lee SP et al (2008) The burden of disease associated with filaggrin mutations: a population-based, longitudinal birth cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2008.01.026","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJ.B2433","volume":"339","author":"RAHM Van Den Oord","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Den Oord RAHM, Sheikh A (2009) Filaggrin gene defects and risk of developing allergic sensitisation and allergic disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 339:86\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJ.B2433","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9128_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/61430","volume":"26","author":"A Debinska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Debinska A, Danielewicz H, Drabik-Chamerska A et al (2017) Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations as a predictor for atopic eczema, allergic sensitization and eczema-associated asthma in Polish children population. Adv Clin Exp Med 26:991\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17219\/acem\/61430","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"9128_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/CED\/LLAD111","volume":"48","author":"C Gan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gan C, Mahil S, Pink A, Rodrigues M (2023) Atopic dermatitis in skin of colour. Part 1: new discoveries in epidemiology and pathogenesis. Clin Exp Dermatol 48:609\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/CED\/LLAD111","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/EXD.12749","volume":"24","author":"J Seykora","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seykora J, Dentchev T, Margolis DJ (2015) Filaggrin-2 barrier protein inversely varies with skin inflammation. Exp Dermatol 24:720\u2013722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/EXD.12749","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2013.09.015","volume":"133","author":"DJ Margolis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Margolis DJ, Gupta J, Apter AJ et al (2014) Filaggrin-2 variation is associated with more persistent atopic dermatitis in African American subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 133:784\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2013.09.015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1111\/ALL.15412","volume":"77","author":"U Radzikowska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Radzikowska U, Baerenfaller K, Cornejo-Garcia JA et al (2022) Omics technologies in allergy and asthma research: an EAACI position paper. Allergy 77:2888\u20132908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ALL.15412","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ALL.16638","author":"C Tontini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tontini C, Radzikowska U, Aranda CJ et al (2025) The use of omics sciences in allergic diseases from bench to bedside: an EAACI position paper. Allergy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ALL.16638","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1111\/ALL.16044","volume":"79","author":"EH Tham","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tham EH, Chia M, Riggioni C et al (2024) The skin microbiome in pediatric atopic dermatitis and food allergy. Allergy 79:1470\u20131484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ALL.16044","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"9128_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/BJD.14566","volume":"175","author":"JEE Tott\u00e9","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tott\u00e9 JEE, van der Feltz WT, Hennekam M et al (2016) Prevalence and odds of Staphylococcus aureus carriage in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 175:687\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/BJD.14566","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JID.2017.07.834","volume":"137","author":"P Meylan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meylan P, Lang C, Mermoud S et al (2017) Skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus precedes the clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in infancy. J Invest Dermatol 137:2497\u20132504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JID.2017.07.834","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2010.09.015","author":"H Miajlovic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miajlovic H, Fallon PG, Irvine AD, Foster TJ (2010) Effect of filaggrin breakdown products on growth of and protein expression by Staphylococcus aureus. J Allergy Clin Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2010.09.015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.09.010","volume":"137","author":"MR Williams","year":"2017","unstructured":"Williams MR, Gallo RL (2017) Evidence that human skin microbiome dysbiosis promotes atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 137:2460\u20132461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2017.09.010","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2016.07.029","volume":"139","author":"EA Kennedy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kennedy EA, Connolly J, Hourihane JOB et al (2017) Skin microbiome before development of atopic dermatitis: Early colonization with commensal staphylococci at 2 months is associated with a lower risk of atopic dermatitis at 1 year. J Allergy Clin Immunol 139:166\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2016.07.029","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JID.2018.03.1517","volume":"138","author":"EL Simpson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simpson EL, Villarreal M, Jepson B et al (2018) Patients with Atopic Dermatitis Colonized with Staphylococcus aureus Have a Distinct Phenotype and Endotype. J Invest Dermatol 138:2224\u20132233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JID.2018.03.1517","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1111\/JDV.18347","volume":"36","author":"B Schmid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schmid B, K\u00fcnstner A, F\u00e4hnrich A et al (2022) Dysbiosis of skin microbiota with increased fungal diversity is associated with severity of disease in atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 36:1811\u20131819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/JDV.18347","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"9128_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAIP.2020.07.051","volume":"9","author":"D Ambro\u017cej","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ambro\u017cej D, Kunkiel K, Dumycz K, Feleszko W (2021) The use of probiotics and bacteria-derived preparations in topical treatment of atopic dermatitis-a systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 9:570\u2013575.e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAIP.2020.07.051","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol-Pract"},{"key":"9128_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/JDV.20639","author":"A Wollenberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wollenberg A, Kinberger M, Arents B et al (2025) European guideline (EuroGuiDerm) on atopic eczema: living update. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 39.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/JDV.20639","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"9128_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAAD.2020.06.054","volume":"83","author":"AS Paller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paller AS, Siegfried EC, Tha\u00e7i D et al (2020) Efficacy and safety of dupilumab with concomitant topical corticosteroids in children 6 to 11 years old with severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 83:1282\u20131293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAAD.2020.06.054","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"9128_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2022.923362","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Jing D, Cheng J et al (2022) The efficacy and safety of IL-13 inhibitors in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FIMMU.2022.923362","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ANAI.2023.01.020","volume":"130","author":"D Mikhaylov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mikhaylov D, Ungar B, Renert-Yuval Y, Guttman-Yassky E (2023) Oral janus kinase inhibitors for atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 130:577\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ANAI.2023.01.020","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2018.07.028","volume":"143","author":"PM Brunner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brunner PM, Pavel AB, Khattri S et al (2019) Baseline IL-22 expression in patients with atopic dermatitis stratifies tissue responses to fezakinumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol 143:142\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2018.07.028","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2020.04.055","volume":"147","author":"B Ungar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ungar B, Pavel AB, Li R et al (2021) Phase 2 randomized, double-blind study of IL-17 targeting with secukinumab in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 147:394\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2020.04.055","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9128_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01203-0","volume":"404","author":"JI Silverberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Silverberg JI, Wollenberg A, Reich A et al (2024) Nemolizumab with concomitant topical therapy in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (ARCADIA 1 and ARCADIA 2): results from two replicate, double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials. Lancet 404:445\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01203-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9128_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02037-2","volume":"401","author":"E Guttman-Yassky","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guttman-Yassky E, Simpson EL, Reich K et al (2023) An anti-OX40 antibody to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b study. Lancet 401:204\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02037-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9128_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/ALL.15578","volume":"78","author":"C Broderick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Broderick C, Ziehfreund S, van Bart K et al (2023) Biomarkers associated with the development of comorbidities in patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review. Allergy 78:84\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ALL.15578","journal-title":"Allergy"}],"container-title":["Clinical Reviews in Allergy &amp; Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-025-09128-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12016-025-09128-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-025-09128-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T12:14:09Z","timestamp":1772453649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12016-025-09128-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"references-count":153,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-025-09128-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"KD has received research grant from the National Science Centre in Poland (NCN number 2021\/41\/N\/NZ5\/02951). MS has received research grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF number 310030_189334\/1; 320030E_224154; 320030-236264), GSK, Novartis, Stiftung vorm. B\u00fcndner Heilst\u00e4tte Arosa, Thermofisher and OM Pharma, speaker\u2019s fee from AstraZeneca and consulting fee from Roche. Other authors declare no competing interest in relation to this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15"}}