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A consistent theme in asthma, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria is a female-dominant prevalence in adulthood. Some of these begin with male predominance in childhood and shift with puberty. A smaller subset of allergic diseases, including eosinophilic esophagitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis, has a clear male prevalence. In fact, nearly all allergic diseases exhibit sexual dimorphism in either prevalence or severity. These striking disparities are being unraveled to reveal mechanisms that might be clinically targeted. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge about sexual dimorphism for these important inflammatory disorders. These insights are foundational for optimizing personalized medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-026-09150-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:40:04Z","timestamp":1775871604000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sexual Dimorphism in Allergic and Mast Cell-Associated Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Aditya","family":"Kotha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania D.","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Hamze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakaria Y.","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navya","family":"Gobinathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An Z.","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahamed","family":"Abudulkadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Ching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"9150_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2009.02.027","volume":"77","author":"WR Lindsay","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lindsay WR, Webster MS, Varian CW, Schwabl H (2009) Plumage colour acquisition and behaviour are associated with androgens in a phenotypically plastic tropical bird. 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