{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T20:13:36Z","timestamp":1792872816707,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82404169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82404169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-026-09171-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T10:18:57Z","timestamp":1779531537000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immunopathogenesis and Experimental Models of Alopecia Areata: From Mechanistic Insights to Translational Platforms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinyi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00664-9","volume":"11","author":"B Ungar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ungar B et al (2025) Alopecia areata. Nat Reviews Disease Primers 11(1):77","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Disease Primers"},{"key":"9171_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17011","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.11","volume":"3","author":"CH Pratt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pratt CH et al (2017) Alopecia areata. Nat Rev Dis Primers 3:17011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AB266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.05.1055","volume":"93","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li X et al (2025) 62009 Patient-reported quality of life, psychosocial and economic burden of alopecia areata in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study. J Am Acad Dermatol 93(3):AB266","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.047","volume":"85","author":"A Toussi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toussi A et al (2021) Psychosocial and psychiatric comorbidities and health-related quality of life in alopecia areata: A systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol 85(1):162\u2013175","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.03.004","volume":"83","author":"N Meah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meah N et al (2020) The Alopecia Areata Consensus of Experts (ACE) study: Results of an international expert opinion on treatments for alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol 83(1):123\u2013130","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"18","key":"9171_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110343","volume":"386","author":"B King","year":"2022","unstructured":"King B et al (2022) Two Phase 3 Trials of Baricitinib for Alopecia Areata. N Engl J Med 386(18):1687\u20131699","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.05.049","volume":"89","author":"BA King","year":"2023","unstructured":"King BA, Craiglow BG (2023) Janus kinase inhibitors for alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol 89(2):S29\u2013S32","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9171_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14155","volume":"29","author":"M Bertolini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bertolini M et al (2020) Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata. Exp Dermatol 29(8):703\u2013725","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisp.2017.10.014","volume":"19","author":"R Paus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paus R, Bulfone-Paus S, Bertolini M (2018) Hair follicle immune privilege revisited: the key to alopecia areata management. J Invest Dermatology Symp Proc 19(1):S12\u2013S17","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology Symp Proc"},{"issue":"9","key":"9171_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3645","volume":"20","author":"L Xing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xing L et al (2014) Alopecia areata is driven by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is reversed by JAK inhibition. Nat Med 20(9):1043\u20131049","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9171_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crimmu.2021.02.001","volume":"2","author":"JT Olayinka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Olayinka JT, Richmond JM (2021) Immunopathogenesis of alopecia areata. Curr Res Immunol 2:7\u201311","journal-title":"Curr Res Immunol"},{"key":"9171_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890027","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.890027","volume":"13","author":"SD Jadeja","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jadeja SD, Tobin DJ (2022) Autoantigen discovery in the hair loss disorder, alopecia areata: Implication of post-translational modifications. Front Immunol 13:890027","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103061","volume":"21","author":"SJ Connell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Connell SJ, Jabbari A (2022) The current state of knowledge of the immune ecosystem in alopecia areata. Autoimmun rev 21(5):103061","journal-title":"Autoimmun rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.05.053","volume":"81","author":"K Chanprapaph","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chanprapaph K et al (2019) Nonscarring alopecia in systemic lupus erythematosus: A cross-sectional study with trichoscopic, histopathologic, and immunopathologic analyses. J Am Acad Dermatol 81(6):1319\u20131329","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000291","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2018-000291","volume":"5","author":"JSS Concha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Concha JSS, Werth VP (2018) Alopecias in lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 5(1):e000291","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.01.031","volume":"78","author":"J Jasso-Olivares","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jasso-Olivares J, Diaz-Gonzalez JM, Miteva M (2018) Horizontal and vertical sections of scalp biopsy specimens from dermatomyositis patients with scalp involvement. J Am Acad Dermatol 78(6):1178\u20131184","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15237","volume":"176","author":"A Zarbo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zarbo A et al (2017) Immune-related alopecia (areata and universalis) in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Br J Dermatol 176(6):1649\u20131652","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2013.7","volume":"16","author":"R Paus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paus R, Bertolini M (2013) The role of hair follicle immune privilege collapse in alopecia areata: Status and perspectives. J Invest Dermatology Symp Proc 16(1):S25\u2013S27","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology Symp Proc"},{"key":"9171_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paus R et al (2003) The Hair Follicle and Immune Privilege. Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings, 8(2): pp. 188\u2013194","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1087-0024.2003.00807.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63151-3","volume":"164","author":"T Ito","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ito T et al (2004) Collapse and restoration of MHC class-I-dependent immune privilege: Exploiting the human hair follicle as a model. Am J Pathol 164(2):623\u2013634","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"9171_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181572","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1181572","volume":"10","author":"Y-q Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma Y-q et al (2023) Oxidative stress and alopecia areata. Front Med 10:1181572","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"7302","key":"9171_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09114","volume":"466","author":"L Petukhova","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petukhova L et al (2010) Genome-wide association study in alopecia areata implicates both innate and adaptive immunity. Nature 466(7302):113\u2013117","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9171_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agamia N et al (2020) Interferon-gamma serum level and immunohistochemical expression of CD8 cells in tissue biopsies in patients with alopecia areata in correlation with trichoscopic findings. Dermatol Ther, 33(4)","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13718"},{"key":"9171_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Jong A et al (2018) High-throughput T cell receptor sequencing identifies clonally expanded CD8\u2009+\u2009T cell populations in alopecia areata. JCI Insight, 3(19)","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.121949"},{"issue":"8","key":"9171_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01547-5","volume":"24","author":"J Seok","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seok J et al (2023) A virtual memory CD8\u2009+\u2009T cell-originated subset causes alopecia areata through innate-like cytotoxicity. Nat Immunol 24(8):1308\u20131317","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23692.x","volume":"124","author":"KJ McElwee","year":"2005","unstructured":"McElwee KJ et al (2005) Transfer of CD8(+) cells induces localized hair loss whereas CD4(+)\/CD25(-) cells promote systemic alopecia areata and CD4(+)\/CD25(+) cells blockade disease onset in the C3H\/HeJ mouse model. J Invest Dermatol 124(5):947\u2013957","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"16","key":"9171_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1103442","volume":"366","author":"A Gilhar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gilhar A, Etzioni A, Paus R (2012) Alopecia Areata. N Engl J Med 366(16):1515\u20131525","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"44","key":"9171_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadz2257","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adz2257","volume":"11","author":"SJ Connell","year":"2025","unstructured":"Connell SJ et al (2025) T 1 effector CD4 T cells rely on IFN-\u03b3 production to induce alopecia areata. Sci Adv 11(44):eadz2257","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"7","key":"9171_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0210308","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210308","volume":"14","author":"FN Hamed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamed FN et al (2019) Alopecia areata patients show deficiency of FOXP3\u2009+\u2009CD39+ T regulatory cells and clonotypic restriction of Treg TCR\u03b2-chain, which highlights the immunopathological aspect of the disease. PLoS ONE 14(7):e0210308","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.07.009","volume":"69","author":"T Ito","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ito T et al (2020) Plasmacytoid dendritic cells as a possible key player to initiate alopecia areata in the C3H\/HeJ mouse. Allergology Int 69(1):121\u2013131","journal-title":"Allergology Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12932","volume":"30","author":"J Abou Rahal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abou Rahal J et al (2016) Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in alopecia areata: missing link? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 30(1):119\u2013123","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9171_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-015-1539-1","volume":"307","author":"X Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang X et al (2015) Lesional infiltration of mast cells, Langerhans cells, T cells and local cytokine profiles in alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol Res 307(4):319\u2013331","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"9171_CR33","unstructured":"Hu BD et al (2026) Comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the scalp from patients with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata. J Allergy Clin Immunol, : p. S0091674926000941"},{"key":"9171_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e80768","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.80768","volume":"12","author":"R Laufer Britva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laufer Britva R et al (2023) Involvement of ILC1-like innate lymphocytes in human autoimmunity, lessons from alopecia areata. eLife 12:e80768","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"9171_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102711","volume":"124","author":"Y Uchida","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uchida Y et al (2021) Resident human dermal \u03b3\u03b4T-cells operate as stress-sentinels: Lessons from the hair follicle. J Autoimmun 124:102711","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"29","key":"9171_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2305764120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2305764120","volume":"120","author":"EY Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee EY et al (2023) Functional interrogation of lymphocyte subsets in alopecia areata using single-cell RNA sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 120(29):e2305764120","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"9171_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaufman G et al (2010) An unexpected twist in alopecia areata pathogenesis: are NK cells protective and CD49b\u2009+\u2009T cells pathogenic? Exp Dermatol, 19(8)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2010.01106.x"},{"key":"9171_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.04.001","volume":"91","author":"A Ghraieb","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghraieb A et al (2018) iNKT cells ameliorate human autoimmunity: Lessons from alopecia areata. J Autoimmun 91:61\u201372","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-025-09060-3","volume":"68","author":"X Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu X, Song X (2025) Macrophage-centric immunometabolic crosstalk in alopecia areata pathogenesis: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 68(1):50","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94260","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094260","volume":"9","author":"M Bertolini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bertolini M et al (2014) Abnormal interactions between perifollicular mast cells and CD8\u2009+\u2009T-cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of alopecia areata. PLoS ONE 9(5):e94260","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.002","volume":"169","author":"N Ali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ali N et al (2017) Regulatory T Cells in Skin Facilitate Epithelial Stem Cell Differentiation. Cell 169(6):1119\u20131129e11","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9171_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen JN et al (2024) Regulatory T cells in skin mediate immune privilege of the hair follicle stem cell niche. Sci Immunol, 9(91)","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adh0152"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23461.x","volume":"123","author":"MD Rosenblum","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rosenblum MD et al (2004) Expression of CD200 on Epithelial cells of the murine hair follicle: A role in tissue-specific immune tolerance? J Invest Dermatology 123(5):880\u2013887","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"9171_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.7.995","volume":"190","author":"C Asseman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Asseman C et al (1999) An essential role for interleukin 10 in the function of regulatory T cells that inhibit intestinal inflammation. J Exp Med 190(7):995\u20131004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062512","volume":"204","author":"S Deaglio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deaglio S et al (2007) Adenosine generation catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 expressed on regulatory T cells mediates immune suppression. J Exp Med 204(6):1257\u20131265","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"6029","key":"9171_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202947","volume":"332","author":"OS Qureshi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Qureshi OS et al (2011) Trans-Endocytosis of CD80 and CD86: A molecular basis for the cell-extrinsic function of CTLA-4. Science 332(6029):600\u2013603","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2013.01.006","volume":"70","author":"BS Shin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shin BS et al (2013) Impaired inhibitory function of circulating CD4\u2009+\u2009CD25+ regulatory T cells in alopecia areata. J Dermatol Sci 70(2):141\u2013143","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12396","volume":"169","author":"MK Tembhre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tembhre MK, Sharma VK (2013) T-helper and regulatory T-cell cytokines in the peripheral blood of patients with active alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 169(3):543\u2013548","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9171_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12978","volume":"42","author":"YM Han","year":"2015","unstructured":"Han YM et al (2015) Imbalance of T-helper 17 and regulatory T cells in patients with alopecia areata. J Dermatol 42(10):981\u2013988","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.05.007","volume":"29","author":"XO Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang XO et al (2008) Molecular Antagonism and Plasticity of Regulatory and Inflammatory T Cell Programs. Immunity 29(1):44\u201356","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"11","key":"9171_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0258499","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258499","volume":"16","author":"SR Gil-Qui\u00f1ones","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gil-Qui\u00f1ones SR et al (2021) Effect of PTPN22, FAS\/FASL, IL2RA and CTLA4 genetic polymorphisms on the risk of developing alopecia areata: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 16(11):e0258499","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"9171_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90696-C","volume":"61","author":"G Cotsarelis","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cotsarelis G, Sun T-T, Lavker RM (1990) Label-retaining cells reside in the bulge area of pilosebaceous unit: Implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis. Cell 61(7):1329\u20131337","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03464.x","volume":"142","author":"T Christoph","year":"2000","unstructured":"Christoph T et al (2000) The human hair follicle immune system: cellular composition and immune privilege. Br J Dermatol 142(5):862\u2013873","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-02-0449","volume":"102","author":"T Kumamoto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kumamoto T et al (2003) Hair follicles serve as local reservoirs of skin mast cell precursors. Blood 102(5):1654\u20131660","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"9171_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002002","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002002","volume":"12","author":"D Castellana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castellana D, Paus R, Perez-Moreno M (2014) Macrophages contribute to the cyclic activation of adult hair follicle stem cells. PLoS Biol 12(12):e1002002","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01232.x","volume":"116","author":"EMJ Peters","year":"2001","unstructured":"Peters EMJ et al (2001) Hair-cycle-associated remodeling of the peptidergic innervation of murine skin, and hair growth modulation by neuropeptides. J Invest Dermatology 116(2):236\u2013245","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17142","volume":"179","author":"M Ohyama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ohyama M (2018) What is behind the \u2018swarm of bees\u2019 in alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 179(5):1023\u20131024","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9171_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274270","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1274270","volume":"14","author":"T Dainichi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dainichi T, Iwata M (2023) Inflammatory loops in the epithelial\u2013immune microenvironment of the skin and skin appendages in chronic inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 14:1274270","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"9171_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1038\/s44321-024-00170-7","volume":"16","author":"JS Durgin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Durgin JS, Wong SY (2024) Hair follicle stem cells and the collapse of self-tolerance in alopecia: The interplay of barrier function, the microbiome, and immunity. EMBO Mol Med 16(12):3027\u20133029","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"9171_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03956.x","volume":"25","author":"R Yoshida","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yoshida R et al (2011) Involvement of the bulge region with decreased expression of hair follicle stem cell markers in senile female cases of alopecia areata. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 25(11):1346\u20131350","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9171_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2010.01.016","volume":"18","author":"D Enshell-Seijffers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Enshell-Seijffers D et al (2010) \u03b2-catenin Activity in the dermal papilla regulates morphogenesis and regeneration of hair. Dev Cell 18(4):633\u2013642","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb11842.x","volume":"129","author":"AJG McDonagh","year":"1993","unstructured":"McDonagh AJG et al (1993) HLA and ICAM-1 expression in alopecia areata in vivo and in vitro: the role of cytokines. Br J Dermatol 129(3):250\u2013256","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9171_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030050222","volume":"289","author":"A K\u00f6nig","year":"1997","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig A, Happle R, Hoffmann R (1997) IFN-\u03b3-induced HLA-DR but not ICAM-1 expression on cultured dermal papilla cells is downregulated by TNF-\u03b1. Arch Dermatol Res 289(8):466\u2013470","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb01148.x","volume":"135","author":"M Nutbrown","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nutbrown M et al (1996) Ultrastructural abnormalities in the dermal papillae of both lesional and clinically normal follicles from alopecia areata scalps. Br J Dermatol 135(2):204\u2013210","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1995.32","volume":"104","author":"AJG McDonagh","year":"1995","unstructured":"McDonagh AJG, Elliott KR, Messenger AG (1995) Cytokines and dermal papilla function in alopecia areata. J Invest Dermatology 104(5):9\u201310","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1990.tb04188.x","volume":"123","author":"AJG McDonagh","year":"1990","unstructured":"McDonagh AJG, Cawood L, Messenger AG (1990) Expression of extracellular matrix in hair follicle mesenchyme in alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 123(6):717\u2013724","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12470601","volume":"96","author":"SM Hull","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hull SM et al (1991) Immunohistologic and ultrastructural comparison of the dermal papilla and hair follicle bulb from active and normal areas of alopecia areata. J Invest Dermatology 96(5):673\u2013681","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12874660","volume":"94","author":"DJ Tobin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tobin DJ, Fenton DA, Kendall MD (1990) Ultrastructural observations on the hair bulb melanocytes and melanosomes in acute alopecia areata. J Invest Dermatology 94(6):803\u2013807","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.01.017","volume":"61","author":"S Trautman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Trautman S et al (2009) Melanocytes: A possible autoimmune target in alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol 61(3):529\u2013530","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01583.x","volume":"117","author":"A Gilhar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gilhar A et al (2001) Melanocyte-associated T cell epitopes can function as autoantigens for transfer of alopecia areata to human scalp explants on prkdcscid mice. J Invest Dermatology 117(6):1357\u20131362","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2012.12.003","volume":"69","author":"T Ito","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ito T et al (2013) CXCL10 produced from hair follicles induces Th1 and Tc1 cell infiltration in the acute phase of alopecia areata followed by sustained Tc1 accumulation in the chronic phase. J Dermatol Sci 69(2):140\u2013147","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"9171_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.25","volume":"132","author":"WB Bollag","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bollag WB (2012) Mediator1: An important intermediary of vitamin d receptor\u2013regulated epidermal function and hair follicle biology. J Invest Dermatology 132(4):1068\u20131070","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2020.11.003","volume":"101","author":"SN Amalia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amalia SN et al (2021) Suppression of neuropeptide by botulinum toxin improves imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis via the regulation of neuroimmune system. J Dermatol Sci 101(1):58\u201368","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"9171_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2024.103217","volume":"145","author":"T Suzuki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suzuki T et al (2024) Interleukin-15 is a hair follicle immune privilege guardian. J Autoimmun 145:103217","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.06.032","volume":"136","author":"M Su\u00e1rez-Fari\u00f1as","year":"2015","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez-Fari\u00f1as M et al (2015) Alopecia areata profiling shows TH1, TH2, and IL-23 cytokine activation without parallel TH17\/TH22 skewing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 136(5):1277\u20131287","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2010.05.002","volume":"96","author":"RD Subramanya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Subramanya RD, Coda AB, Sinha AA (2010) Transcriptional profiling in alopecia areata defines immune and cell cycle control related genes within disease-specific signatures. Genomics 96(3):146\u2013153","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"9171_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.03.036","volume":"7","author":"A Jabbari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jabbari A et al (2016) Molecular signatures define alopecia areata subtypes and transcriptional biomarkers. EBioMedicine 7:240\u2013247","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"10387","key":"9171_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00222-2","volume":"401","author":"B King","year":"2023","unstructured":"King B et al (2023) Efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib in adults and adolescents with alopecia areata: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 2b-3 trial. Lancet 401(10387):1518\u20131529","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.08.054","volume":"92","author":"A Khurana","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khurana A et al (2025) Response to Caplan et al, Clinico-mycological and therapeutic updates on cutaneous dermatophytic infections in the era of Trichophyton indotineae; Focus on Griseofulvin. J Am Acad Dermatol 92(1):e13\u2013e14","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"9171_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsianakas A et al (2025) Efficacy and safety of deuruxolitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase 1\/2 inhibitor, in adults with alopecia areata: Results from the THRIVE-AA2 Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4881290"},{"issue":"4","key":"9171_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.10.036","volume":"149","author":"E Guttman-Yassky","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guttman-Yassky E et al (2022) Ritlecitinib and brepocitinib demonstrate significant improvement in scalp alopecia areata biomarkers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 149(4):1318\u20131328","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9171_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16659","volume":"80","author":"L Xi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xi L et al (2025) Multiomics Analysis of the Response to Ritlecitinib in Alopecia Areata Subtypes and Correlation With Efficacy. Allergy 80(8):2348\u20132360","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.06.029","volume":"142","author":"T Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song T et al (2018) An integrated model of alopecia areata biomarkers highlights both TH1 and TH2 upregulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 142(5):1631\u20131634e13","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13346","volume":"73","author":"T Czarnowicki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Czarnowicki T et al (2018) Alopecia areata is characterized by expansion of circulating Th2\/Tc2\/Th22, within the skin-homing and systemic T\u2010cell populations. Allergy 73(3):713\u2013723","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503587","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/503587","volume":"2010","author":"EAS Attia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Attia EAS, Shennawy DE, Sefin A (2010) Serum Interleukin-4 and Total Immunoglobulin E in Nonatopic Alopecia Areata Patients and HLA\u2010DRB1 Typing. Dermatology Res Pract 2010(1):503587","journal-title":"Dermatology Res Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.131076","volume":"5","author":"O Bakry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bakry O et al (2014) Total serum immunoglobulin E in patients with alopecia areata. Indian Dermatology Online J 5(2):122","journal-title":"Indian Dermatology Online J"},{"key":"9171_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581976","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1581976","volume":"16","author":"Y Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun Y et al (2025) Correlation between increased total serum IgE levels and clinical features in alopecia areata patients. Front Immunol 16:1581976","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9171_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damiani G et al (2024) Concurrent eosinophilia increases the prevalence of nail abnormalities and severity of hair loss in patients with alopecia areata, vol 2024. BioMed Research International, p 5596647. 1","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5596647"},{"issue":"7","key":"9171_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14819","volume":"32","author":"Z Zeng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zeng Z et al (2023) Allergen desensitization reduces the severity of relapsed alopecia areata in dust-mite allergic patients. Exp Dermatol 32(7):1108\u20131119","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15071","volume":"77","author":"E Guttman-Yassky","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guttman-Yassky E et al (2022) Phase 2a randomized clinical trial of dupilumab (anti\u2010IL\u20104R\u03b1) for alopecia areata patients. Allergy 77(3):897\u2013906","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"11","key":"9171_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.2976","volume":"154","author":"LR Penzi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Penzi LR et al (2018) Hair Regrowth in a Patient With Long-standing Alopecia Totalis and Atopic Dermatitis Treated With Dupilumab. JAMA Dermatology 154(11):1358","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"9171_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2019.03.019","volume":"5","author":"J Chung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chung J, Slaught CL, Simpson EL (2019) Alopecia areata in 2 patients treated with dupilumab: New onset and worsening. JAAD Case Rep 5(8):643\u2013645","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.061206","volume":"171","author":"EMJ Peters","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peters EMJ et al (2007) Probing the Effects of Stress Mediators on the Human Hair Follicle. Am J Pathol 171(6):1872\u20131886","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.03951.x","volume":"144","author":"M Toyoda","year":"2001","unstructured":"Toyoda M et al (2001) Expression of neuropeptide-degrading enzymes in alopecia areata: an immunohistochemical study. Br J Dermatol 144(1):46\u201354","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700704","volume":"127","author":"F Siebenhaar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Siebenhaar F et al (2007) Substance P as an immunomodulatory neuropeptide in a mouse model for autoimmune hair loss (alopecia areata). J Invest Dermatol 127(6):1489\u20131497","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2011.01432.x","volume":"21","author":"M Kinori","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kinori M et al (2012) Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) may award relative protection from interferon\u2010\u03b3\u2010induced collapse of human hair follicle immune privilege. Exp Dermatol 21(3):223\u2013226","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9171_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-1968fje","volume":"19","author":"N Ito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ito N et al (2005) Human hair follicles display a functional equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary\u2010adrenal (HPA) axis and synthesize cortisol. FASEB J 19(10):1332\u20131334","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"4","key":"9171_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.387","volume":"130","author":"N Ito","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ito N et al (2010) Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the in situ generation of mast cells from precursors in the human hair follicle mesenchyme. J Invest Dermatology 130(4):995\u20131004","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000094","volume":"26","author":"L Sutherland","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sutherland L et al (2015) Treatment of alopecia areata with topical sensitizers. Dermatitis\u00ae 26(1):26\u201331","journal-title":"Dermatitis\u00ae"},{"issue":"10","key":"9171_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.196","volume":"134","author":"N Gulati","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gulati N et al (2014) Molecular characterization of human skin response to diphencyprone at peak and resolution phases: therapeutic insights. J Invest Dermatology 134(10):2531\u20132540","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.05.026","volume":"51","author":"W Zakaria","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zakaria W et al (2004) 308-nm excimer laser therapy in alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol 51(5):837\u2013838","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"9171_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.00942.x","volume":"37","author":"A Ohtsuki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ohtsuki A, Hasegawa T, Ikeda S (2010) Treatment of alopecia areata with 308-nm excimer lamp. J Dermatol 37(12):1032\u20131035","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9171_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.36849\/jdd.7431","volume":"22","author":"M Kaiser","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaiser M et al (2023) Review of superficial cryotherapy for the treatment of alopecia areata. J Drugs Dermatol 22(8):802\u2013809","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"9171_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdel Motaleb AA, Sayed DS (2020) Different freezing time of superficial liquid nitrogen cryotherapy in treatment of recalcitrant alopecia areata: Randomized clinical trial. Dermatol Ther, 33(4)","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13640"},{"issue":"10","key":"9171_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.2734","volume":"160","author":"B King","year":"2024","unstructured":"King B et al (2024) Baricitinib withdrawal and retreatment in patients with severe alopecia areata: The BRAVE-AA1 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatology 160(10):1075","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12382416","volume":"102","author":"JP Sundberg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sundberg JP, Cordy WR, King LE Jr. (1994) Alopecia areata in aging C3H\/HeJ mice. J Invest Dermatol 102(6):847\u2013856","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.40-6-643","volume":"40","author":"KJ McElwee","year":"2003","unstructured":"McElwee KJ et al (2003) Alopecia areata in C3H\/HeJ mice involves leukocyte-mediated root sheath disruption in advance of overt hair loss. Vet Pathol 40(6):643\u2013650","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jidsp.5640211","volume":"4","author":"KJ McElwee","year":"1999","unstructured":"McElwee KJ et al (1999) Spontaneous alopecia areata-like hair loss in one congenic and seven inbred laboratory mouse strains. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 4(3):202\u2013206","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23222.x","volume":"123","author":"JP Sundberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sundberg JP et al (2004) Adult-onset alopecia areata is a complex polygenic trait in the C3H\/HeJ mouse model. J Invest Dermatology 123(2):294\u2013297","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00380.x","volume":"111","author":"KJ McElwee","year":"1998","unstructured":"McElwee KJ et al (1998) Experimental induction of alopecia areata-like hair loss in C3H\/HeJ mice using full-thickness skin grafts. J Invest Dermatol 111(5):797\u2013803","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"9171_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0648-3_10","volume":"2154","author":"EHC Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang EHC, McElwee KJ (2020) Nonsurgical induction of alopecia areata in C3H\/HeJ mice via adoptive transfer of cultured lymphoid cells. Methods Mol Biol 2154:121\u2013131","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01811.x","volume":"119","author":"JM Carroll","year":"2002","unstructured":"Carroll JM et al (2002) Gene array profiling and immunomodulation studies define a cell-mediated immune response underlying the pathogenesis of alopecia areata in a mouse model and humans. J Invest Dermatology 119(2):392\u2013402","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"9171_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.176","volume":"135","author":"EHC Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang EHC et al (2015) Transfer of Alopecia Areata to C3H\/HeJ Mice Using Cultured Lymph Node-Derived Cells. J Invest Dermatol 135(10):2530\u20132532","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26134","volume":"233","author":"Y Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Y et al (2018) Increased expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in dermal fibroblasts from alopecia areata mice. J Cell Physiol 233(3):2590\u20132601","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisp.2020.04.001","volume":"20","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y et al (2020) Myeloid Adherent Cells Are Involved in Hair Loss in the Alopecia Areata Mouse Model. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 20(1):S16\u2013S21","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2021.04.009","volume":"102","author":"K Hashimoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hashimoto K et al (2021) Induction of alopecia areata in C3H\/HeJ mice using cryopreserved lymphocytes. J Dermatol Sci 102(3):177\u2013183","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"9171_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0413196","volume":"94","author":"U Erb","year":"2013","unstructured":"Erb U, Freyschmidt-Paul P, Zoller M (2013) Tolerance induction by hair-specific keratins in murine alopecia areata. J Leukoc Biol 94(4):845\u2013857","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12518","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30997-3","volume":"8","author":"J-M Shin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shin J-M et al (2018) Induction of alopecia areata in C3H\/HeJ mice using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) and interferon-gamma. Sci Rep 8(1):12518","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23580.x","volume":"124","author":"A Gilhar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gilhar A et al (2005) Alopecia Areata Induced in C3H\/HeJ Mice by Interferon-Gamma: Evidence for Loss of Immune Privilege. J Invest Dermatology 124(1):288\u2013289","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9171_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeas.2006.10.005","volume":"43","author":"JP Sundberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sundberg JP et al (2007) Failure to induce alopecia areata in C3H\/HeJ mice with exogenous interferon gamma. J Exp Anim Sci 43(4):265\u2013270","journal-title":"J Exp Anim Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-010-0209-7","volume":"15","author":"TC Wikramanayake","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wikramanayake TC et al (2010) Heat treatment increases the incidence of alopecia areata in the C3H\/HeJ mouse model. Cell Stress Chaperones 15(6):985\u2013991","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"9171_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153423","volume":"81","author":"X He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He X et al (2021) The antiinflammatory effects of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction on C3H\/HeJ mice with alopecia areata. Phytomedicine 81:153423","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"9171_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.06.060","volume":"372","author":"Q Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Q et al (2024) Nanostructured lipid carriers promote percutaneous absorption and hair follicle targeting of tofacitinib for treating alopecia areata. J Control Release 372:778\u2013794","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"9171_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118317","volume":"331","author":"X He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He X et al (2024) Amygdalin ameliorates alopecia areata on C3H\/HeJ mice by inhibiting inflammation through JAK2\/STAT3 pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 331:118317","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"9171_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilhar A (1987) Hair Growth in Scalp Grafts From Patients With Alopecia Areata and Alopecia Universalis Grafted Onto Nude Mice. Arch Dermatol, 123(1)","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660250050016"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07815.x","volume":"126","author":"A Gilhar","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gilhar A et al (1992) Failure of passive transfer of serum from patients with alopecia areata and alopecia universalis to inhibit hair growth in transplants of human scalp skin grafted on to nude mice. Br J Dermatol 126(2):166\u2013171","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI551","volume":"101","author":"A Gilhar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gilhar A et al (1998) Autoimmune hair loss (alopecia areata) transferred by T lymphocytes to human scalp explants on SCID mice. J Clin Invest 101(1):62\u201367","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"9171_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.7.916","volume":"138","author":"A Gilhar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gilhar A et al (2002) Mediation of alopecia areata by cooperation between CD4\u2009+\u2009and CD8\u2009+\u2009T lymphocytes: transfer to human scalp explants on Prkdc(scid) mice. Arch Dermatol 138(7):916\u2013922","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.365","volume":"133","author":"A Gilhar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gilhar A et al (2013) Autoimmune disease induction in a healthy human organ: a humanized mouse model of alopecia areata. J Invest Dermatol 133(3):844\u2013847","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2013.11","volume":"16","author":"A Gilhar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gilhar A, Keren A, Paus R (2013) A new humanized mouse model for alopecia areata. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 16(1):S37\u2013S38","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100657","volume":"188","author":"R Alli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alli R et al (2012) A mouse model of clonal CD8\u2009+\u2009T lymphocyte-mediated alopecia areata progressing to alopecia universalis. J Immunol 188(1):477\u2013486","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9171_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102810","volume":"57","author":"A Oka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oka A et al (2020) Alopecia areata susceptibility variant in MHC region impacts expressions of genes contributing to hair keratinization and is involved in hair loss. EBioMedicine 57:102810","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"9171_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao Q et al (2021) The Alopecia Areata Phenotype Is Induced by the Water Avoidance Stress Test In cchcr1-Deficient Mice. Biomedicines, 9(7)","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9070840"},{"issue":"4","key":"9171_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.09.656","volume":"143","author":"N Maglakelidze","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maglakelidze N et al (2023) AIRE Deficiency Leads to the Development of Alopecia Areata\u2013Like Lesions in Mice. J Invest Dermatology 143(4):578\u2013587e3","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"9171_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13371","volume":"26","author":"JH Bae","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bae JH et al (2017) CD80CD86 deficiency disrupts regulatory CD4\u2009+\u2009FoxP3+T cell homoeostasis and induces autoimmune-like alopecia. Exp Dermatol 26(11):1053\u20131059","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70074","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70074","volume":"34","author":"Y Arakawa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Arakawa Y et al (2025) IKZF1 and Ikaros Overexpression Results in Alopecia Areata-Like Phenotype in Mice. Exp Dermatol 34(3):e70074","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1991.tb06054.x","volume":"125","author":"HJ Michie","year":"1991","unstructured":"Michie HJ et al (1991) The DEBR rat: an animal model of human alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 125(2):94\u2013100","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9171_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb03371.x","volume":"130","author":"J-G Zhang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zhang J-G, Oliver RF (1994) Immunohistological study of the development of the cellular infiltrate in the pelage follicles of the DEBR model for alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 130(4):405\u2013414","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12178.x","volume":"8","author":"L Tang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tang L et al (2003) Cytokines and signal transduction pathways mediated by anthralin in alopecia areata-affected Dundee experimental balding rats. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 8(1):87\u201390","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2003.05610.x","volume":"149","author":"DJ Tobin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tobin DJ et al (2003) A natural canine homologue of alopecia areata in humans. Br J Dermatol 149(5):938\u2013950","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12013","volume":"24","author":"DE Hoolahan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoolahan DE et al (2013) Equine alopecia areata: a retrospective clinical descriptive study at the University of California, Davis (1980\u20132011). Vet Dermatol 24(2):282","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.2007.00212.x","volume":"36","author":"B Beardi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Beardi B et al (2007) Alopecia areata in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J Med Primatol 36(3):124\u2013130","journal-title":"J Med Primatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9171_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2010.00906.x","volume":"21","author":"K Timm","year":"2010","unstructured":"Timm K et al (2010) Alopecia areata in Eringer cows. Vet Dermatol 21(6):545\u2013553","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"9171_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert Smyth J, McNeil M (1999) Alopecia Areata and Universalis in the Smyth Chicken Model for Spontaneous Autoimmune Vitiligo. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings, 4(3): pp. 211\u2013215","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jidsp.5640213"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01377.x","volume":"117","author":"S M\u00fcller-R\u00f6ver","year":"2001","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-R\u00f6ver S et al (2001) A Comprehensive Guide for the Accurate Classification of Murine Hair Follicles in Distinct Hair Cycle Stages. J Invest Dermatology 117(1):3\u201315","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9171_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701180","volume":"128","author":"MV Plikus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Plikus MV, Chuong C-M (2008) Complex Hair Cycle Domain Patterns and Regenerative Hair Waves in Living Rodents. J Invest Dermatology 128(5):1071\u20131080","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.354","volume":"136","author":"JW Oh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oh JW et al (2016) A Guide to Studying Human Hair Follicle Cycling In Vivo. J Invest Dermatology 136(1):34\u201344","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"5396","key":"9171_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5396.2085","volume":"282","author":"A Poltorak","year":"1998","unstructured":"Poltorak A et al (1998) Defective LPS Signaling in C3H\/HeJ and C57BL\/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene. Science 282(5396):2085\u20132088","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9171_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim Y et al (2020) MICAgen Mice Recapitulate the Highly Restricted but Activation-Inducible Expression of the Paradigmatic Human NKG2D Ligand MICA. Front Immunol, 11","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00960"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103768","volume":"25","author":"P Kubiniok","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kubiniok P et al (2022) Understanding the constitutive presentation of MHC class I immunopeptidomes in primary tissues. iScience 25(2):103768","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"9171_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiang EY et al (2017) Potassium channels Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 cooperatively and compensatorily regulate antigen-specific memory T cell functions. Nat Commun, 8(1)","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14644"},{"key":"9171_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whiting DA (2003) Histopathologic Features of Alopecia Areata. Arch Dermatol, 139(12)","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.12.1555"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.97.3.463","volume":"97","author":"MP Philpott","year":"1990","unstructured":"Philpott MP, Green MR, Kealey T (1990) Human hair growth in vitro. J Cell Sci 97(3):463\u2013471","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"9171_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-1811(94)90036-1","volume":"7","author":"MP Philpott","year":"1994","unstructured":"Philpott MP et al (1994) Human hair growth in vitro: a model for the study of hair follicle biology. J Dermatol Sci 7:S55\u2013S72","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"9171_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06453.x","volume":"152","author":"T Ito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ito T et al (2005) Interferon-gamma is a potent inducer of catagen-like changes in cultured human anagen hair follicles. Br J Dermatol 152(4):623\u2013631","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.228","volume":"129","author":"E Bod\u00f3","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bod\u00f3 E et al (2009) Modulation of Chemotherapy-Induced Human Hair Follicle Damage by 17-\u03b2 Estradiol and Prednisolone: Potential Stimulators of Normal Hair Regrowth by Dystrophic Catagen Promotion? J Invest Dermatology 129(2):506\u2013509","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9171_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.061164","volume":"171","author":"E Bod\u00f3","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bod\u00f3 E et al (2007) Dissecting the Impact of Chemotherapy on the Human Hair Follicle. Am J Pathol 171(4):1153\u20131167","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9171_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-6705.2004.00207.x","volume":"13","author":"M Magerl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Magerl M et al (2004) Limitations of human occipital scalp hair follicle organ culture for studying the effects of minoxidil as a hair growth enhancer. Exp Dermatol 13(10):635\u2013642","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"9171_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer KC et al (2008) Evidence that the bulge region is a site of relative immune privilege in human hair follicles. Br J Dermatol","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08818.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2006.00510.x","volume":"16","author":"Z Lu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lu Z et al (2007) Towards the development of a simplified long-term organ culture method for human scalp skin and its appendages under serum\u2010free conditions. Exp Dermatol 16(1):37\u201344","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9171_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.02.173","volume":"86","author":"Y Uchida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uchida Y et al (2017) Human dermal V\u03b41\u2009+\u2009T-cells recognize stressed HFs and may induce alopecia areata. J Dermatol Sci 86(2):e59","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13812","volume":"29","author":"JE Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim JE et al (2020) Effects of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on alopecia areata in cellular and hair follicle organ culture models. Exp Dermatol 29(3):265\u2013272","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"49","key":"9171_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19679","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1309970110","volume":"110","author":"CA Higgins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Higgins CA et al (2013) Microenvironmental reprogramming by three-dimensional culture enables dermal papilla cells to induce de novo human hair-follicle growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110(49):19679\u201319688","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07579-y","volume":"9","author":"HE Abaci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abaci HE et al (2018) Tissue engineering of human hair follicles using a biomimetic developmental approach. Nat Commun 9(1):5301","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"9171_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.10.056","volume":"154","author":"T Kageyama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kageyama T et al (2018) Spontaneous hair follicle germ (HFG) formation in vitro, enabling the large-scale production of HFGs for regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 154:291\u2013300","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"41","key":"9171_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadg0297","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg0297","volume":"9","author":"C Motter Catarino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Motter Catarino C et al (2023) Incorporation of hair follicles in 3D bioprinted models of human skin. Sci Adv 9(41):eadg0297","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"9171_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79722-z","volume":"11","author":"T Kageyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kageyama T, Chun Y-S, Fukuda J (2021) Hair follicle germs containing vascular endothelial cells for hair regenerative medicine. Sci Rep 11(1):624","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7812","key":"9171_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2352-3","volume":"582","author":"J Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee J et al (2020) Hair-bearing human skin generated entirely from pluripotent stem cells. Nature 582(7812):399\u2013404","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"9171_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC00999A","volume":"15","author":"HE Abaci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abaci HE et al (2015) Pumpless microfluidic platform for drug testing on human skin equivalents. Lab Chip 15(3):882\u2013888","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"4","key":"9171_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2017.11.002","volume":"21","author":"G Sriram","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sriram G et al (2018) Full-thickness human skin-on-chip with enhanced epidermal morphogenesis and barrier function. Mater Today 21(4):326\u2013340","journal-title":"Mater Today"},{"key":"9171_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915702","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.915702","volume":"10","author":"CFE Jones","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jones CFE et al (2022) Design of an Integrated Microvascularized Human Skin-on-a-Chip Tissue Equivalent Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 10:915702","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"18","key":"9171_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc50227a","volume":"13","author":"B Ata\u00e7","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ata\u00e7 B et al (2013) Skin and hair on-a-chip: in vitro skin models versus ex vivo tissue maintenance with dynamic perfusion. Lab Chip 13(18):3555","journal-title":"Lab Chip"}],"container-title":["Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09171-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09171-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09171-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T11:02:16Z","timestamp":1779534136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09171-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"references-count":172,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09171-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"47"}}