{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:20:11Z","timestamp":1791566411575,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-026-09173-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T05:51:47Z","timestamp":1780293107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mapping Neuro Behcet\u2019s Disease Across North Africa: a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Nabil","family":"Belfeki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nouha","family":"Ghriss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monia","family":"Smiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Amine","family":"Chami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Serraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aymane","family":"Bennani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"9173_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2025.110549","volume":"279","author":"N Belfeki","year":"2025","unstructured":"Belfeki N, Ghriss N, Le Joncour A, Saadoun D (2025) Etiopathogenesis of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: A systematic literature review. Clin Immunol 279:110549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2025.110549","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9173_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"uxae123","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxae123","volume":"219","author":"H Zhan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhan H, Cheng L, Li Y (2025) Neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: an update of clinical diagnosis, biomarkers, and immunopathogenesis. Clin Exp Immunol 219:uxae123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cei\/uxae123","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"9173_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2024.06","volume":"45","author":"N Belfeki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Belfeki N, Ghriss N, Fourati M, Leclercq D, Saadoun D (2024) Neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: A review. Rev Med Interne 45:624\u2013633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revmed.2024.06.007","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"9173_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2013.07.034","volume":"43","author":"S Daoudi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daoudi S, Lounis M, Ait-Kaci-Ahmed M (2014) [Parenchymal neuro-Behcet\u2019s disease. Clinical and paraclinical characteristics, a report of 40 cases]. Presse Medicale Paris Fr 1983 43:e119\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lpm.2013.07.034","journal-title":"Presse Medicale Paris Fr 1983"},{"key":"9173_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Attia DHS, Aboulfotooh AA, Mohammed RHA (2024) Neurological involvement in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a descriptive study in an Egyptian cohort. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg. 60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41983-024-00918-5 Located at: Scopus","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-024-00918-5"},{"key":"9173_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/s0035-3787","volume":"162","author":"S Benamour","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benamour S, Naji T, Alaoui FZ, El-Kabli H, El-Aidouni S (2006) [Neurological involvement in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease. 154 cases from a cohort of 925 patients and review of the literature]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 162:1084\u20131090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0035-3787(06)75121-9","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"9173_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.06.009","volume":"115","author":"MH Houman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Houman MH, Bellakhal S, Ben Salem T, Hamzaoui A, Braham A, Lamloum M et al (2013) Characteristics of neurological manifestations of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: a retrospective monocentric study in Tunisia. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 115:2015\u20132018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.06.009","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"9173_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9173_CR9","first-page":"1078","volume":"335","author":"Criteria for diagnosis of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","year":"1990","unstructured":"Criteria for diagnosis of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease (1990) International Study Group for Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease. Lancet 335:1078\u20131080","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9173_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7209-3","volume":"261","author":"S Kalra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kalra S, Silman A, Akman-Demir G, Bohlega S, Borhani-Haghighi A, Constantinescu CS et al (2014) Diagnosis and management of Neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: international consensus recommendations. J Neurol 261:1662\u20131676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-013-7209-3","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9173_CR11","first-page":"2127","volume":"18","author":"Z Munn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Munn Z, Barker TH, Moola S, Tufanaru C, Stern C, McArthur A, Stephenson M, Aromataris E (2020) Methodological quality of case series studies: an introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool. JBI Evid Synthesis 18(10):2127\u20132133","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synthesis"},{"key":"9173_CR12","first-page":"681","volume":"83","author":"O Seddik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Seddik O, Wi\u00e8m D, Leila CBF, Kaies C, Lamia R, Nejmeddine BA et al (2005) Imaging of neuro-Behcet. Tunis Med 83:681\u2013684 Located at: Scopus","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"key":"9173_CR13","first-page":"523","volume":"71","author":"A Mrabet","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mrabet A, Saidi H, Touibi S, Kchouk M, Laouiti H (1993) [Value of cerebral tomodensitometry in Behcet\u2019s disease with neurological manifestations (50 cases)]. Tunis Med 71:523\u2013528","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"key":"9173_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1684\/mst.2017.0656","volume":"27","author":"MEA Ghembaza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghembaza MEA, Bouabdallah N, Lounici A (2017) Beh\u00e7et disease in Western Algeria. Med Sante Trop 27:101\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1684\/mst.2017.0656","journal-title":"Med Sante Trop"},{"key":"9173_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2025.2540941","volume":"21","author":"O Khaib Dit Naib","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khaib Dit Naib O, Chahed K, Khelil A (2025) Epidemiological and clinical manifestations of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease in western Algeria: gender-related differences. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 21:1269\u20131273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1744666X.2025.2540941","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9173_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04570-w","volume":"38","author":"TA Gheita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gheita TA, El-Latif EA, El-Gazzar II, Samy N, Hammam N, Abdel Noor RA et al (2019) Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease in Egypt: a multicenter nationwide study on 1526 adult patients and review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol 38:2565\u20132575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-019-04570-w","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"9173_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106638","volume":"102","author":"J Oumerzouk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Oumerzouk J, Hafidi J, Abdellaoui M, Chraa M, Bourazza A (2025) MRI findings in neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease. About 104 moroccan patients and literature review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 102:106638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106638","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"9173_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Snoussi M, Chatti A, Hmad MB, Feki W, Mnif Z, Frikha F et al (2025) Cerebral venous thrombosis in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: A study of 17 cases. Electron J Gen Med 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29333\/ejgm\/16061 \u00a0Located at: Scopus","DOI":"10.29333\/ejgm\/16061"},{"key":"9173_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2021.40.13.19146","volume":"40","author":"F Daoud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Daoud F, Rachdi I, Somai M, Zaouak A, Hammami H, Ouederni M et al (2021) Epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: a monocentric study in Tunisia. Pan Afr Med J 40:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2021.40.13.19146","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"9173_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2006.07.019","volume":"27","author":"S B\u2019chir Hamzaoui","year":"2006","unstructured":"B\u2019chir Hamzaoui S, Harmel A, Bouslama K, Abdallah M, Ennafaa M, M\u2019rad S et al (2006) [Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease in Tunisia. Clinical study of 519 cases]. Rev Med Interne 27:742\u2013750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revmed.2006.07.019","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"9173_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2012.06.007","volume":"33","author":"A Hamzaoui","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hamzaoui A, Klii R, Harzallah O, Attig C, Mahjoub S (2012) [Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease in women]. Rev Med Interne 33:552\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revmed.2012.06.007","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"9173_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/s0150-9861(06)77270-4","volume":"33","author":"N Mnif","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mnif N, Rajhi H, Mlika N, Kechaou S, Abdallah Nejmeddine B, Hamza R (2006) [MRI findings in neuro-Behcet\u2019s disease]. J Neuroradiol J Neuroradiol 33:250\u2013254.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0150-9861(06)77270-4","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"9173_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2013.10.012","volume":"35","author":"MH Houman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Houman MH, Bel Feki N (2014) [Pathophysiology of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease]. Rev Med Interne 35:90\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revmed.2013.10.012","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"9173_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-026-07982-7","volume":"45","author":"R Aljohani","year":"2026","unstructured":"Aljohani R, Alharbi S (2026) Epidemiology and clinical features of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease in the Middle East and North Africa:A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol 45:2149\u20132159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-026-07982-7","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"9173_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.12.011","volume":"23","author":"A Hamzaoui","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hamzaoui A, Houman MH, Massouadia M, Ben Salem T, Khanfir MS, Ben Ghorbel I et al (2012) Contribution of Hla-B51 in the susceptibility and specific clinical features of Behcet\u2019s disease in Tunisian patients. Eur J Intern Med 23:347\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.12.011","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"9173_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-025-09085-8","volume":"68","author":"B Suzon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Suzon B, Felix A, Louis-Sidney F, Dalmasie E, Donat S, Deligny C et al (2025) Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease In Children And Adults Of Sub-Saharan Ancestry: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 68:81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-025-09085-8","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"9173_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886","volume":"66","author":"P Caruso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caruso P, Moretti R (2018) Focus on neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: A review. Neurol India 66:1619\u20131628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0028-3886.246252 \u00a0","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"9173_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Neuro-Beh\u00e7etE (2014) [cited 2026 Mar 21], pp 1703\u201323. Available from: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/chapter\/handbook\/abs\/pii\/B9780702040887001103https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00110-3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00110-3"},{"key":"9173_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1136\/pn-2023-003875","volume":"23","author":"DP Kidd","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kidd DP (2023) Neurological involvement by Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and outcome. Pract Neurol 23:386\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pn-2023-003875","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"9173_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew486","volume":"57","author":"C Maldini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maldini C, Druce K, Basu N, LaValley MP, Mahr A (2018) Exploring the variability in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease prevalence: a meta-analytical approach. Rheumatology 57:185\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew486","journal-title":"Rheumatology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Reviews in Allergy &amp; Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09173-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09173-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09173-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T05:51:48Z","timestamp":1780293108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09173-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09173-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis based exclusively on previously published data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"50"}}