{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:15:25Z","timestamp":1789683325907,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025JJ90181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ90181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-026-09174-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:52:32Z","timestamp":1780102352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early-life Gut Microbiota and Allergic Diseases: Immune Regulatory Mechanisms and Intervention Progress"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maolan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingfan","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8616-0499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangrong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"9174_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmicr.2025.100362","volume":"8","author":"H Ke","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ke H, Yao H, Wei P (2025) Advances in research on gut microbiota and allergic diseases in children. Curr Res Microb Sci 8:100362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crmicr.2025.100362","journal-title":"Curr Res Microb Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"9174_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(25)00003-7","volume":"13","author":"GBD 2021 Asthma and Allergic Diseases Collaborators","year":"2025","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Asthma and Allergic Diseases Collaborators (2025) Global, regional, and national burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis, 1990\u20132021, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Respir Med 13(5):425\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(25)00003-7","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"9174_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-024-01149-7","volume":"24","author":"C Ozdemir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ozdemir C, Kucuksezer UC, Ogulur I et al (2024) Lifestyle Changes and Industrialization in the Development of Allergic Diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 24(7):331\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11882-024-01149-7","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00875-0","volume":"8","author":"G Berg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berg G, Rybakova D, Fischer D et al (2020) Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges. Microbiome 8(1):103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-020-00875-0","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"9174_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2412001","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2412.12001","volume":"35","author":"SY Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang SY, Han SM, Lee JY et al (2025) Advancing Gut Microbiome Research: The Shift from Metagenomics to Multi-Omics and Future Perspectives. J Microbiol Biotechnol 35:e2412001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4014\/jmb.2412.12001","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9174_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.04.014","volume":"19","author":"MC Arrieta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arrieta MC, Walter J, Finlay BB (2016) Human Microbiota-Associated Mice: A Model with Challenges. Cell Host Microbe 19(5):575\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2016.04.014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"9174_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01534","volume":"9","author":"EA Kennedy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kennedy EA, King KY, Baldridge MT (2018) Mouse Microbiota Models: Comparing Germ-Free Mice and Antibiotics Treatment as Tools for Modifying Gut Bacteria. Front Physiol 9:1534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.01534","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9174_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.17124","volume":"292","author":"M Jans","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jans M, Vereecke L (2025) A guide to germ-free and gnotobiotic mouse technology to study health and disease. FEBS J 292(6):1228\u20131251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/febs.17124","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"11","key":"9174_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00874-w","volume":"23","author":"K Donald","year":"2023","unstructured":"Donald K, Finlay BB (2023) Early-life interactions between the microbiota and immune system: impact on immune system development and atopic disease. Nat Rev Immunol 23(11):735\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-023-00874-w","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"18","key":"9174_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4014","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184014","volume":"15","author":"V Notarbartolo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Notarbartolo V, Carta M, Accomando S, Giuffr\u00e8 M (2023) The First 1000 Days of Life: How Changes in the Microbiota Can Influence Food Allergy Onset in Children. Nutrients 15(18):4014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15184014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"9174_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.20089","volume":"297","author":"I Schoultz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schoultz I, Claesson MJ, Dominguez-Bello MG et al (2025) Gut microbiota development across the lifespan: Disease links and health-promoting interventions. J Intern Med 297(6):560\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.20089","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.09.008","volume":"27","author":"RC Robertson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robertson RC, Manges AR, Finlay BB, Prendergast AJ (2019) The Human Microbiome and Child Growth - First 1000 Days and Beyond. Trends Microbiol 27(2):131\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2018.09.008","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9174_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030724","volume":"13","author":"N Acevedo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Acevedo N, Alashkar Alhamwe B, Caraballo L et al (2021) Perinatal and Early-Life Nutrition, Epigenetics, and Allergy. Nutrients 13(3):724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13030724","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7776","key":"9174_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1560-1","volume":"574","author":"Y Shao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shao Y, Forster SC, Tsaliki E et al (2019) Stunted microbiota and opportunistic pathogen colonization in caesarean-section birth. Nature 574(7776):117\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1560-1","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.09.042","volume":"147","author":"T Marrs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marrs T, Jo JH, Perkin MR et al (2021) Gut microbiota development during infancy: Impact of introducing allergenic foods. J Allergy Clin Immunol 147(2):613\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.09.042","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.03.025","volume":"154","author":"C Hoskinson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoskinson C, Medeleanu MV, Reyna ME et al (2024) Antibiotics taken within the first year of life are linked to infant gut microbiome disruption and elevated atopic dermatitis risk. J Allergy Clin Immunol 154(1):131\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.03.025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105096","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2105096","volume":"14","author":"MJ Bailey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bailey MJ, Holzhausen EA, Morgan ZEM (2022) Postnatal exposure to ambient air pollutants is associated with the composition of the infant gut microbiota at 6-months of age. Gut Microbes 14(1):2105096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2022.2105096","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR18","first-page":"91","volume":"37","author":"JW Gerrard","year":"1976","unstructured":"Gerrard JW, Geddes CA, Reggin PL, Gerrard CD, Horne S (1976) Serum IgE levels in white and metis communities in Saskatchewan. Ann Allergy 37(2):91\u2013100","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"issue":"6710","key":"9174_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6710.1259","volume":"299","author":"DP Strachan","year":"1989","unstructured":"Strachan DP (1989) Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. BMJ 299(6710):1259\u20131260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6710.1259","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"9174_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13763","volume":"74","author":"T Haahtela","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haahtela T (2019) A biodiversity hypothesis. Allergy 74(8):1445\u20131456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.13763","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"9174_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.04.060","volume":"128","author":"H Bisgaard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bisgaard H, Li N, Bonnelykke K et al (2011) Reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota during infancy is associated with increased risk of allergic disease at school age. J Allergy Clin Immunol 128(3):646\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.04.060","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.10.025","volume":"129","author":"TR Abrahamsson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abrahamsson TR, Jakobsson HE, Andersson AF, Bj\u00f6rkst\u00e9n B, Engstrand L, Jenmalm MC (2012) Low diversity of the gut microbiota in infants with atopic eczema. J Allergy Clin Immunol 129(2):434\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.10.025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9174_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12487","volume":"45","author":"MB Azad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Azad MB, Konya T, Guttman DS et al (2015) Infant gut microbiota and food sensitization: associations in the first year of life. Clin Exp Allergy 45(3):632\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cea.12487","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"6","key":"9174_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.024","volume":"158","author":"G Galazzo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galazzo G, van Best N, Bervoets L et al (2020) Development of the Microbiota and Associations With Birth Mode, Diet, and Atopic Disorders in a Longitudinal Analysis of Stool Samples, Collected From Infancy Through Early Childhood. Gastroenterology 158(6):1584\u20131596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9174_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-091319-083608","volume":"38","author":"BD Rudd","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rudd BD (2020) Neonatal T Cells: A Reinterpretation. Annu Rev Immunol 38:229\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-immunol-091319-083608","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"6285","key":"9174_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9378","volume":"352","author":"T Gensollen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gensollen T, Iyer SS, Kasper DL, Blumberg RS (2016) How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system. Science 352(6285):539\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aad9378","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"9174_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.02.014","volume":"50","author":"Z Al Nabhani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al Nabhani Z, Dulauroy S, Marques R et al (2019) A Weaning Reaction to Microbiota Is Required for Resistance to Immunopathologies in the Adult. Immunity 50(5):1276\u20131288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.02.014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"18","key":"9174_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaao1314","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aao1314","volume":"2","author":"KA Knoop","year":"2017","unstructured":"Knoop KA, Gustafsson JK, McDonald KG et al (2017) Microbial antigen encounter during a preweaning interval is critical for tolerance to gut bacteria. Sci Immunol 2(18):eaao1314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciimmunol.aao1314","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9174_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.03.006","volume":"31","author":"JB Lubin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lubin JB, Green J, Maddux S et al (2023) Arresting microbiome development limits immune system maturation and resistance to infection in mice. Cell Host Microbe 31(4):554\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2023.03.006","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"307","key":"9174_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307ra152","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aab2271","volume":"7","author":"MC Arrieta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arrieta MC, Stiemsma LT, Dimitriu PA et al (2015) Early infancy microbial and metabolic alterations affect risk of childhood asthma. Sci Transl Med 7(307):307ra152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aab2271","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40336-4","volume":"14","author":"C Hoskinson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoskinson C, Dai DLY, Del Bel KL et al (2023) Delayed gut microbiota maturation in the first year of life is a hallmark of pediatric allergic disease. Nat Commun 14(1):4785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-40336-4","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"9174_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.06.010","volume":"57","author":"O Perdijk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Perdijk O, Butler A, Macowan M et al (2024) Antibiotic-driven dysbiosis in early life disrupts indole-3-propionic acid production and exacerbates allergic airway inflammation in adulthood. Immunity 57(8):1939\u20131954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.06.010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2571428","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2571428","volume":"17","author":"M Ding","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ding M, Ross RP, Dempsey E, Li B, Stanton C (2025) Infant gut microbiome reprogramming following introduction of solid foods (weaning). Gut Microbes 17(1):2571428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2025.2571428","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"7","key":"9174_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0461-z","volume":"25","author":"A Abdel-Gadir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdel-Gadir A, Stephen-Victor E, Gerber GK et al (2019) Microbiota therapy acts via a regulatory T cell MyD88\/ROR\u03b3t pathway to suppress food allergy. Nat Med 25(7):1164\u20131174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-019-0461-z","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6251","key":"9174_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac4263","volume":"349","author":"C Ohnmacht","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ohnmacht C, Park JH, Cording S et al (2015) MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY. The microbiota regulates type 2 immunity through ROR\u03b3t\u2009+\u2009T cells. Science 349(6251):989\u2013993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aac4263","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6251","key":"9174_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa9420","volume":"349","author":"E Sefik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sefik E, Geva-Zatorsky N, Oh S et al (2015) MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY. Individual intestinal symbionts induce a distinct population of ROR\u03b3\u2009+\u2009regulatory T cells. Science 349(6251):993\u2013997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaa9420","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"15","key":"9174_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e137943","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.137943","volume":"5","author":"KA Knoop","year":"2020","unstructured":"Knoop KA, McDonald KG, Coughlin PE et al (2020) Synchronization of mothers and offspring promotes tolerance and limits allergy. JCI Insight 5(15):e137943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.137943","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"9174_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603059","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.603059","volume":"11","author":"KA Knoop","year":"2021","unstructured":"Knoop KA, McDonald KG, Hsieh CS, Tarr PI, Newberry RD (2021) Regulatory T Cells Developing Peri-Weaning Are Continually Required to Restrain Th2 Systemic Responses Later in Life. Front Immunol 11:603059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.603059","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414798","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2414798","volume":"16","author":"JN Flores","year":"2024","unstructured":"Flores JN, Lubin JB, Silverman MA (2024) The case for microbial intervention at weaning. Gut Microbes 16(1):2414798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2024.2414798","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"3","key":"9174_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.02.013","volume":"56","author":"N Torow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Torow N, Hand TW, Hornef MW (2023) Programmed and environmental determinants driving neonatal mucosal immune development. Immunity 56(3):485\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.02.013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.58","volume":"8","author":"KA Knoop","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knoop KA, McDonald KG, McCrate S, McDole JR, Newberry RD (2015) Microbial sensing by goblet cells controls immune surveillance of luminal antigens in the colon. Mucosal Immunol 8(1):198\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mi.2014.58","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"9174_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67292","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67292","volume":"10","author":"JK Gustafsson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gustafsson JK, Davis JE, Rappai T et al (2021) Intestinal goblet cells sample and deliver lumenal antigens by regulated endocytic uptake and transcytosis. Elife 10:e67292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.67292","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"7389","key":"9174_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10863","volume":"483","author":"JR McDole","year":"2012","unstructured":"McDole JR, Wheeler LW, McDonald KG et al (2012) Goblet cells deliver luminal antigen to CD103\u2009+\u2009dendritic cells in the small intestine. Nature 483(7389):345\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10863","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"9174_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20052016","volume":"203","author":"T Worbs","year":"2006","unstructured":"Worbs T, Bode U, Yan S et al (2006) Oral tolerance originates in the intestinal immune system and relies on antigen carriage by dendritic cells. J Exp Med 203(3):519\u2013527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20052016","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.54","volume":"7","author":"S Cording","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cording S, Wahl B, Kulkarni D et al (2014) The intestinal micro-environment imprints stromal cells to promote efficient Treg induction in gut-draining lymph nodes. Mucosal Immunol 7(2):359\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mi.2013.54","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"7933","key":"9174_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05309-5","volume":"610","author":"B Akagbosu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akagbosu B, Tayyebi Z, Shibu G et al (2022) Novel antigen-presenting cell imparts Treg-dependent tolerance to gut microbiota. Nature 610(7933):752\u2013760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-05309-5","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6757","key":"9174_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp0535","volume":"389","author":"V Cabric","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cabric V, Franco Parisotto Y, Park T et al (2025) A wave of Thetis cells imparts tolerance to food antigens early in life. Science 389(6757):268\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adp0535","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8068","key":"9174_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08982-4","volume":"642","author":"L Fu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fu L, Upadhyay R, Pokrovskii M et al (2025) PRDM16-dependent antigen-presenting cells induce tolerance to gut antigens. Nature 642(8068):756\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-025-08982-4","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9174_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10198-z","author":"YA Paucar Iza","year":"2026","unstructured":"Paucar Iza YA, Park T, Baker E et al (2026) Ontogeny and transcriptional regulation of Thetis cells. Nat Adv online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-026-10198-z","journal-title":"Nat Adv online publication"},{"key":"9174_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2025.102570","volume":"95","author":"V Cabric","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cabric V, Brown CC (2025) Thetis cells: regulators of intestinal immune tolerance. Curr Opin Immunol 95:102570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coi.2025.102570","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9174_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01261-2","volume":"22","author":"I Ogulur","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ogulur I, Mitamura Y, Yazici D et al (2025) Type 2 immunity in allergic diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 22(3):211\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-025-01261-2","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"9174_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16318","volume":"79","author":"N Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun N, Ogulur I, Mitamura Y et al (2024) The epithelial barrier theory and its associated diseases. Allergy 79(12):3192\u20133237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.16318","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"9174_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1341367","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2017.1341367","volume":"5","author":"KL Pothoven","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pothoven KL, Schleimer RP (2017) The barrier hypothesis and Oncostatin M: Restoration of epithelial barrier function as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of type 2 inflammatory disease. Tissue Barriers 5(3):e1341367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21688370.2017.1341367","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"issue":"11","key":"9174_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00538-7","volume":"21","author":"CA Akdis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akdis CA (2021) Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions? Nat Rev Immunol 21(11):739\u2013751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-021-00538-7","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"23","key":"9174_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4983","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14234983","volume":"14","author":"A Harusato","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harusato A, Chassaing B, Dauriat CJG, Ushiroda C, Seo W, Itoh Y (2022) Dietary Emulsifiers Exacerbate Food Allergy and Colonic Type 2 Immune Response through Microbiota Modulation. Nutrients 14(23):4983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14234983","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"9174_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113921","volume":"146","author":"JQ Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu JQ, Wang CC, Ma RX et al (2025) Co-exposure to polyethylene microplastics and house dust mites aggravates airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and airway inflammation via CXCL1 signaling pathway in a mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 146:113921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113921","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"17","key":"9174_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6079","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176079","volume":"21","author":"YR Woo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Woo YR, Park SY, Choi K, Hong ES, Kim S, Kim HS (2020) Air Pollution and Atopic Dermatitis (AD): The Impact of Particulate Matter (PM10) on an AD Mouse-Model. Int J Mol Sci 21(17):6079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21176079","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"9174_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.05.127","volume":"136","author":"T Nakatsuji","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nakatsuji T, Chen TH, Two AM et al (2016) Staphylococcus aureus Exploits Epidermal Barrier Defects in Atopic Dermatitis to Trigger Cytokine Expression. J Invest Dermatol 136(11):2192\u20132200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2016.05.127","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9174_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.05.038","volume":"128","author":"C Xiao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xiao C, Puddicombe SM, Field S et al (2011) Defective epithelial barrier function in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 128(3):549\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.05.038","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2707","volume":"10","author":"MT Abreu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abreu MT (2010) Toll-like receptor signalling in the intestinal epithelium: how bacterial recognition shapes intestinal function. Nat Rev Immunol 10(2):131\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri2707","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9174_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.02.007","volume":"11","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Whitley CS, Haribabu B, Jala VR (2021) Regulation of intestinal barrier function by microbial metabolites. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 11(5):1463\u20131482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.02.007","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-026-01642-1","volume":"58","author":"CH Kim","year":"2026","unstructured":"Kim CH, Baker JR (2026) Regulation of allergies across the body by microbial metabolites. Exp Mol Med 58(2):396\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-026-01642-1","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"9174_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.104638","volume":"139","author":"L Peng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peng L, Li ZR, Green RS, Holzman IR, Lin J (2009) Butyrate enhances the intestinal barrier by facilitating tight junction assembly via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Nutr 139(9):1619\u20131625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/jn.109.104638","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"9174_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0179586","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179586","volume":"12","author":"H Yan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yan H, Ajuwon KM (2017) Butyrate modifies intestinal barrier function in IPEC-J2 cells through a selective upregulation of tight junction proteins and activation of the Akt signaling pathway. PLoS ONE 12(6):e0179586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0179586","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9174_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5845","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S432747","volume":"16","author":"M Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang M, Guo J, Hart AL, Li JV (2023) Indole-3-Aldehyde Reduces Inflammatory Responses and Restores Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function Partially via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Experimental Colitis Models. J Inflamm Res 16:5845\u20135864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JIR.S432747","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"9174_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad064","volume":"17","author":"YC Pai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pai YC, Li YH, Turner JR, Yu LC (2023) Transepithelial Barrier Dysfunction Drives Microbiota Dysbiosis to Initiate Epithelial Clock-driven Inflammation. J Crohns Colitis 17(9):1471\u20131488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad064","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"6","key":"9174_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00390-X","volume":"10","author":"MF Neurath","year":"2025","unstructured":"Neurath MF, Artis D, Becker C (2025) The intestinal barrier: a pivotal role in health, inflammation, and cancer. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 10(6):573\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00390-X","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9174_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.07.023","volume":"154","author":"A Kabil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kabil A, Nayyar N, Brassard J et al (2024) Microbial intestinal dysbiosis drives long-term allergic susceptibility by sculpting an ILC2-B1 cell-innate IgE axis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 154(5):1260\u20131276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.07.023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9174_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.03.056","volume":"138","author":"C Galand","year":"2016","unstructured":"Galand C, Leyva-Castillo JM, Yoon J et al (2016) IL-33 promotes food anaphylaxis in epicutaneously sensitized mice by targeting mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 138(5):1356\u20131366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.03.056","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.04.056","volume":"145","author":"MH Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim MH, Kang SG, Park JH, Yanagisawa M, Kim CH (2013) Short-chain fatty acids activate GPR41 and GPR43 on intestinal epithelial cells to promote inflammatory responses in mice. Gastroenterology 145(2):396\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.04.056","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9174_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140661","volume":"303","author":"Q Yan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yan Q, Wang W, Fan Z et al (2025) Chickpea-resistant starch exhibits bioactive function for alleviating atopic dermatitis via regulating butyrate production. Int J Biol Macromol 303:140661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140661","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.07.001","volume":"20","author":"M Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim M, Qie Y, Park J, Kim CH (2016) Gut Microbial Metabolites Fuel Host Antibody Responses. Cell Host Microbe 20(2):202\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2016.07.001","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"3","key":"9174_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-023-01955-7","volume":"47","author":"C Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu C, Zeng D, Huang Y et al (2024) Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis-Induced Inflammation by Inhibiting HDAC3-Mediated STAT1 and NF-\u03baB Pathway. Inflammation 47(3):989\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-023-01955-7","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"7480","key":"9174_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12726","volume":"504","author":"N Arpaia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arpaia N, Campbell C, Fan X et al (2013) Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation. Nature 504(7480):451\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12726","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"21","key":"9174_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5424","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215424","volume":"20","author":"M Furue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Furue M, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Tsuji G (2019) Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 20(21):5424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20215424","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"9174_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2015.09.001","volume":"21","author":"S Fiorucci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fiorucci S, Distrutti E (2015) Bile Acid-Activated Receptors, Intestinal Microbiota, and the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders. Trends Mol Med 21(11):702\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2015.09.001","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"9174_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12050793","volume":"12","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhu N, Su X, Gao Y, Yang R (2023) Gut-Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Maintain Gut and Systemic Immune Homeostasis. Cells 12(5):793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12050793","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e270","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.270","volume":"4","author":"X Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin X, Yu Z, Liu Y et al (2025) Gut-X axis. Imeta 4(1):e270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/imt2.270","journal-title":"Imeta"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.04.001","volume":"148","author":"C Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu C, van Meel ER, Medina-Gomez C et al (2021) A population-based study on associations of stool microbiota with atopic diseases in school-age children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 148(2):612\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.04.001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4996","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41149-6","volume":"9","author":"S Reddel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reddel S, Del Chierico F, Quagliariello A et al (2019) Gut microbiota profile in children affected by atopic dermatitis and evaluation of intestinal persistence of a probiotic mixture. Sci Rep 9(1):4996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-41149-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12549","volume":"70","author":"L Nylund","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nylund L, Nermes M, Isolauri E, Salminen S, de Vos WM, Satokari R (2015) Severity of atopic disease inversely correlates with intestinal microbiota diversity and butyrate-producing bacteria. Allergy 70(2):241\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.12549","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473524","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2473524","volume":"17","author":"M Jimenez-Sanchez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jimenez-Sanchez M, Celiberto LS, Yang H, Sham HP, Vallance BA (2025) The gut-skin axis: a bi-directional, microbiota-driven relationship with therapeutic potential. Gut Microbes 17(1):2473524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2025.2473524","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2430420","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2430420","volume":"16","author":"M Rios-Carlos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rios-Carlos M, Cervantes-Garc\u00eda D, C\u00f3rdova-D\u00e1valos LE, Berm\u00fadez-Humar\u00e1n LG, Salinas E (2024) Unraveling the gut-skin axis in atopic dermatitis: exploiting insights for therapeutic strategies. Gut Microbes 16(1):2430420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2024.2430420","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2023.02.005","volume":"16","author":"A Trompette","year":"2023","unstructured":"Trompette A, Ubags ND (2023) Skin barrier immunology from early life to adulthood. Mucosal Immunol 16(2):194\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mucimm.2023.02.005","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2020.12.1.137","volume":"12","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Lee SH, Hong SJ (2020) Antibiotics-Induced Dysbiosis of Intestinal Microbiota Aggravates Atopic Dermatitis in Mice by Altered Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 12(1):137\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4168\/aair.2020.12.1.137","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"9174_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-022-00524-9","volume":"15","author":"A Trompette","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trompette A, Pernot J, Perdijk O et al (2022) Gut-derived short-chain fatty acids modulate skin barrier integrity by promoting keratinocyte metabolism and differentiation. Mucosal Immunol 15(5):908\u2013926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41385-022-00524-9","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9174_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2017.11.008","volume":"26","author":"JA Geoghegan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Geoghegan JA, Irvine AD, Foster TJ (2018) Staphylococcus aureus and Atopic Dermatitis: A Complex and Evolving Relationship. Trends Microbiol 26(6):484\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2017.11.008","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9174_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14092","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.14092","volume":"240","author":"FG Kahhaleh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kahhaleh FG, Barrientos G, Conrad ML (2024) The gut-lung axis and asthma susceptibility in early life. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 240(3):e14092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apha.14092","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"4","key":"9174_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2018.12.009","volume":"47","author":"M Demirci","year":"2019","unstructured":"Demirci M, Tokman HB, Uysal HK et al (2019) Reduced Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii levels in the gut microbiota of children with allergic asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 47(4):365\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aller.2018.12.009","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.105991","volume":"26","author":"NG Wilson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wilson NG, Hernandez-Leyva A, Rosen AL et al (2023) The gut microbiota of people with asthma influences lung inflammation in gnotobiotic mice. iScience 26(2):105991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2023.105991","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02573-2","volume":"9","author":"J Stokholm","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stokholm J, Blaser MJ, Thorsen J et al (2018) Maturation of the gut microbiome and risk of asthma in childhood. Nat Commun 9(1):141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-017-02573-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"9174_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30052-7","volume":"8","author":"DM Patrick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patrick DM, Sbihi H, Dai DLY et al (2020) Decreasing antibiotic use, the gut microbiota, and asthma incidence in children: evidence from population-based and prospective cohort studies. Lancet Respir Med 8(11):1094\u20131105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30052-7","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"9174_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.027","volume":"128","author":"FA van Nimwegen","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Nimwegen FA, Penders J, Stobberingh EE et al (2011) Mode and place of delivery, gastrointestinal microbiota, and their influence on asthma and atopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 128(5):948\u2013955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.027","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9174_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12253","volume":"44","author":"TR Abrahamsson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abrahamsson TR, Jakobsson HE, Andersson AF, Bj\u00f6rkst\u00e9n B, Engstrand L, Jenmalm MC (2014) Low gut microbiota diversity in early infancy precedes asthma at school age. Clin Exp Allergy 44(6):842\u2013850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cea.12253","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"11","key":"9174_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1095-x","volume":"26","author":"M Depner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Depner M, Taft DH, Kirjavainen PV et al (2020) Maturation of the gut microbiome during the first year of life contributes to the protective farm effect on childhood asthma. Nat Med 26(11):1766\u20131775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-020-1095-x","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.11.020","volume":"188","author":"K Burrows","year":"2025","unstructured":"Burrows K, Ngai L, Chiaranunt P et al (2025) A gut commensal protozoan determines respiratory disease outcomes by shaping pulmonary immunity. Cell 188(2):316\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2024.11.020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"9174_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.12.013","volume":"18","author":"M Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao M, Zhou L, Wang S (2025) Immune crosstalk between respiratory and intestinal mucosal tissues in respiratory infections. Mucosal Immunol 18(3):501\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.12.013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"9174_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01085","volume":"6","author":"DR Samuelson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Samuelson DR, Welsh DA, Shellito JE (2015) Regulation of lung immunity and host defense by the intestinal microbiota. Front Microbiol 6:1085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01085","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"6371","key":"9174_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam5809","volume":"359","author":"Y Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang Y, Mao K, Chen X et al (2018) S1P-dependent interorgan trafficking of group 2 innate lymphoid cells supports host defense. Science 359(6371):114\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aam5809","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"9174_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","volume":"11","author":"C Hill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G et al (2014) Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 11(8):506\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9174_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.75","volume":"14","author":"GR Gibson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gibson GR, Hutkins R, Sanders ME et al (2017) Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14(8):491\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.75","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"9262","key":"9174_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04259-8","volume":"357","author":"M Kalliom\u00e4ki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kalliom\u00e4ki M, Salminen S, Arvilommi H, Kero P, Koskinen P, Isolauri E (2001) Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 357(9262):1076\u20131079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04259-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"9174_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-23-200","volume":"12","author":"F Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang F, Wu F, Chen H, Tang B (2023) The effect of probiotics in the prevention of atopic dermatitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Pediatr 12(4):731\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tp-23-200","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"9174_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD006475","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006475.pub3","volume":"6","author":"HZ Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang HZ, Hayles EH, Fiander M, Sinn JK, Osborn DA (2025) Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6(6):CD006475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD006475.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"9174_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587348","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1587348","volume":"12","author":"L Zhong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhong L, Su J, Zhou X, Wan H (2025) Probiotics supplements for the prevention of atopic dermatitis in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr 12:1587348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2025.1587348","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"9174_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00006-2","volume":"6","author":"P Loke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Loke P, Orsini F, Lozinsky AC et al (2022) Probiotic peanut oral immunotherapy versus oral immunotherapy and placebo in children with peanut allergy in Australia (PPOIT-003): a multicentre, randomised, phase 2b trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 6(3):171\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00006-2","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474256","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2474256","volume":"17","author":"H Choi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Choi H, Kwak MJ, Choi Y et al (2025) Extracellular vesicles of Limosilactobacillus fermentum SLAM216 ameliorate skin symptoms of atopic dermatitis by regulating gut microbiome on serotonin metabolism. Gut Microbes 17(1):2474256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2025.2474256","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474148","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2474148","volume":"17","author":"C Qi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qi C, Li Z, Tu H et al (2025) 2\u2019-FL and cross-feeding bifidobacteria reshaped the gut microbiota of infants with atopic dermatitis ex vivo and prevented dermatitis in mice post-microbiota transplantation through retinol metabolism activation. Gut Microbes 17(1):2474148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2025.2474148","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"7","key":"9174_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.05.019","volume":"32","author":"LA Hesser","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hesser LA, Puente AA, Arnold J et al (2024) A synbiotic of Anaerostipes caccae and lactulose prevents and treats food allergy in mice. Cell Host Microbe 32(7):1163\u20131176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2024.05.019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2025071516","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2025-071516","volume":"156","author":"CD Patnode","year":"2025","unstructured":"Patnode CD, Henrikson NB, Webber EM, Blasi PR, Senger CA, Guirguis-Blake JM (2025) Breastfeeding and Health Outcomes for Infants and Children: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 156(1):e2025071516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2025-071516","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2022.12.002","volume":"4","author":"DLY Dai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dai DLY, Petersen C, Hoskinson C et al (2023) Breastfeeding enrichment of B. longum subsp. infantis mitigates the effect of antibiotics on the microbiota and childhood asthma risk. Med 4(2):92\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medj.2022.12.002","journal-title":"Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.04.022","volume":"123","author":"KM J\u00e4rvinen","year":"2019","unstructured":"J\u00e4rvinen KM, Martin H, Oyoshi MK (2019) Immunomodulatory effects of breast milk on food allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 123(2):133\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2019.04.022","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9174_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.02.005","volume":"30","author":"K Donald","year":"2022","unstructured":"Donald K, Petersen C, Turvey SE, Finlay BB, Azad MB (2022) Secretory IgA: Linking microbes, maternal health, and infant health through human milk. Cell Host Microbe 30(5):650\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2022.02.005","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"9","key":"9174_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201910-776OC","volume":"17","author":"MA Saeed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saeed MA, Gribben KC, Alam M, Lyden ER, Hanson CK, LeVan TD (2020) Association of Dietary Fiber on Asthma, Respiratory Symptoms, and Inflammation in the Adult National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Population. Ann Am Thorac Soc 17(9):1062\u20131068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201910-776OC","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"9174_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64008-5","volume":"14","author":"AS Emrani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Emrani AS, Sasanfar B, Jowshan MR, Behniafard N, Nafei Z, Salehi-Abargouei A (2024) Association between a western diet and asthma among children and adolescents. Sci Rep 14(1):13240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-64008-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"9174_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2025.01.005","volume":"138","author":"H Sutanto","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sutanto H, Elisa E, Rachma B, Fetarayani D (2025) Gut Microbiome Modulation in Allergy Treatment: The Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Am J Med 138(5):769\u2013777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2025.01.005","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"9174_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00627-6","volume":"53","author":"JH Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim JH, Kim K, Kim W (2021) Gut microbiota restoration through fecal microbiota transplantation: a new atopic dermatitis therapy. Exp Mol Med 53(5):907\u2013916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-021-00627-6","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"9174_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275427","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1275427","volume":"14","author":"WY Deng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deng WY, Chen WJ, Zhong HJ, Wu LH, He XX (2023) Washed microbiota transplantation: a case report of clinical success with skin and gut microbiota improvement in an adolescent boy with atopic dermatitis. Front Immunol 14:1275427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1275427","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"9174_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.101042","volume":"6","author":"S Zeng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zeng S, Zhou M, Mu D, Wang S (2025) Clinical implications of maternal multikingdom transmissions and early-life microbiota. Lancet Microbe 6(7):101042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.101042","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.047","volume":"183","author":"K Korpela","year":"2020","unstructured":"Korpela K, Helve O, Kolho KL et al (2020) Maternal Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Cesarean-Born Infants Rapidly Restores Normal Gut Microbial Development: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Cell 183(2):324\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.047","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"9174_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4039","volume":"22","author":"MG Dominguez-Bello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dominguez-Bello MG, De Jesus-Laboy KM, Shen N et al (2016) Partial restoration of the microbiota of cesarean-born infants via vaginal microbial transfer. Nat Med 22(3):250\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4039","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"9174_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2021.05.003","volume":"2","author":"SJ Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song SJ, Wang J, Martino C et al (2021) Naturalization of the microbiota developmental trajectory of Cesarean-born neonates after vaginal seeding. Med 2(8):951\u2013964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medj.2021.05.003","journal-title":"Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"9174_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00276-X","volume":"7","author":"SMD Baunwall","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baunwall SMD, Andreasen SE, Hansen MM et al (2022) Faecal microbiota transplantation for first or second Clostridioides difficile infection (EarlyFMT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 7(12):1083\u20131091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00276-X","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"9174_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319548","volume":"68","author":"G Cammarota","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Kelly CR et al (2019) International consensus conference on stool banking for faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice. Gut 68(12):2111\u20132121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319548","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"9","key":"9174_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.208","volume":"108","author":"W El-Matary","year":"2013","unstructured":"El-Matary W (2013) Fecal microbiota transplantation: long-term safety issues. Am J Gastroenterol 108(9):1537\u20131538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2013.208","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9174_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2021.072","volume":"54","author":"SY Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park SY, Seo GS (2021) Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Is It Safe? Clin Endosc 54(2):157\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5946\/ce.2021.072","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"issue":"8","key":"9174_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0161174","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161174","volume":"11","author":"S Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang S, Xu M, Wang W et al (2016) Systematic Review: Adverse Events of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. PLoS ONE 11(8):e0161174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0161174","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8051","key":"9174_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08440-7","volume":"638","author":"E Stephen-Victor","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stephen-Victor E, Kuziel GA, Martinez-Blanco M et al (2025) RELM\u03b2 sets the threshold for microbiome-dependent oral tolerance. Nature 638(8051):760\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-08440-7","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"9174_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-022-00564-1","volume":"15","author":"TCA Hitch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hitch TCA, Hall LJ, Walsh SK et al (2022) Microbiome-based interventions to modulate gut ecology and the immune system. Mucosal Immunol 15(6):1095\u20131113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41385-022-00564-1","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9174_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.02.024","volume":"14","author":"SV Lynch","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lynch SV, Nagler CR, Rachid R (2026) Microbial Therapeutics for the Prevention and Treatment of Food Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 14(4):780\u2013785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.02.024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"}],"container-title":["Clinical Reviews in Allergy &amp; Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09174-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09174-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09174-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:52:34Z","timestamp":1780102354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09174-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"references-count":130,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-026-09174-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"As a review of the existing literature, ethical approval and informed consent are not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"49"}}