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Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) provide a unique framework to dissect host-pathogen interactions, revealing how single-gene defects uncover critical pathways in antifungal defence. This review offers an overview of fungal immunity through the lens of IEIs, and integrates recent advances in innate fungal recognition, neutrophil and mononuclear phagocyte effector mechanisms, CARD9\/NF-kB signalling, IL-17\/IL-23 and IL-12\/IFN-gamma cytokine axes, and transcription-factor defects that shape susceptibility to\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , dimorphic fungi and other moulds. We also discuss acquired phenocopies mediated by anti-cytokine autoantibodies, translate these mechanisms into clinical red flags and diagnostic algorithms, and discuss potential therapeutic strategies. Finally, we highlight how genetically defined IEIs can be used to study fungal-bacterial, fungal-mycobacterial and fungal-viral co-infections, revealing the hierarchy and plasticity of host defence in health and disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-026-09182-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:47:43Z","timestamp":1784195263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fungal Infections in Disorders of Inborn Errors of Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Manpreet","family":"Dhaliwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaishali","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adilia","family":"Warris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon D.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh Kumar","family":"Pilania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivy M.","family":"Dambuza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"9182_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01062-w","volume":"22","author":"GD Brown","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brown GD, Ballou ER, Bates S, Bignell EM, Borman AM, Brand AC et al (2024) The pathobiology of human fungal infections. 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