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Similar to PPAR-\u03b1 and PPAR-\u03b3, PPAR-\u03b2\/\u03b4 also acts as a transcription factor activated by dietary lipids and endogenous ligands, such as long-chain saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and selected lipid metabolic products, such as eicosanoids, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Together with other PPARs, PPAR-\u03b2\/\u03b4 displays transcriptional activity through interaction with retinoid X receptor (RXR). In general, PPARs have been shown to regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, and development and significantly modulate glucose, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and biogenesis. PPAR-\u03b2\/\u03b4 appears to play a special role in inflammatory processes and due to its proangiogenic and anti-\/pro-carcinogenic properties, this receptor has been considered as a therapeutic target for treating metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, carcinogenesis, and diabetes. Until now, most studies were carried out in the peripheral organs, and despite of its presence in brain cells and in different brain regions, its role in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation remains poorly understood. This review is intended to describe recent insights on the impact of PPAR-\u03b2\/\u03b4 and its novel agonists\u00a0on neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s, Huntington\u2019s diseases, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and traumatic injury. An important goal is to obtain new insights to better understand the dietary and pharmacological regulations of PPAR-\u03b2\/\u03b4 and to find promising therapeutic strategies that could mitigate these neurological disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-020-08629-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T12:02:54Z","timestamp":1605700974000},"page":"86-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Recent Insights on the Role of PPAR-\u03b2\/\u03b4 in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, and Its Potential Target for Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Anna K.","family":"Strosznajder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"W\u00f3jtowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieszko J.","family":"Je\u017cyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace Y.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna B.","family":"Strosznajder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"8629_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.08.012","volume":"52","author":"S-i Akanuma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Akanuma, S.-i, Hori, S., Ohtsuki, S., Fujiyoshi, M., & Terasaki, T. 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