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MSCs were grown under ambient conditions (nMSCs) or a metabolic switching paradigm by alternating galactose and glucose in medium (sMSCs) and then assayed for oxygen consumption rates using the Seahorse technology. Subsequently, primary neurons were subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and then co-cultured with either nMSCs or sMSCs. Compared to nMSCs, sMSCs displayed higher basal energy production, larger spare respiratory capacity, greater ATP production, and decreased proton leak. Co-culture of OGD-exposed neurons with sMSCs conferred greater cell viability, enhanced cell metabolism, reduced mitochondrial reactive oxidative species\u00a0mRNA, and elevated mitochondria ATP\u00a0mRNA than those cultured with nMSCs. Metabolic switching produces \u201csuper\u201d mitochondria that may underlie the therapeutic benefit of using sMSCs to treat ischemic cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-022-08720-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T10:02:41Z","timestamp":1658311361000},"page":"120-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Metabolic Switching of Cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells Creates Super Mitochondria in Rescuing Ischemic Neurons"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Gorsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Monsour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jea-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesar V.","family":"Borlongan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"8720_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28536","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028536","volume":"6","author":"C Aguer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aguer, C., Gambarotta, D., Mailloux, R. 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