{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:35:13Z","timestamp":1792798513967,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuromol Med"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-025-08883-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T18:58:40Z","timestamp":1758135520000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Role of Gut Microbiota in Modulating Immune Signaling Pathways in Autoimmune Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Nada Khairi","family":"Younis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karar H.","family":"Alfarttoosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Sanghvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Roopashree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Krithiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waam Mohammed","family":"Taher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariem","family":"Alwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmood Jasem","family":"Jawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali M. Ali","family":"Al-Nuaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"8883_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249152","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2249152","volume":"15","author":"NA Abdelsalam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdelsalam, N. A., Hegazy, S. M., & Aziz, R. K. (2023). The curious case of Prevotella copri. Gut Microbes, 15(2), 2249152.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR2","first-page":"295","volume":"4","author":"F Ahmed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahmed, F., Kerna, N. A., & Tulp, O. L. (2019). Managing the F: B ratio in DM; A review of the role of firmicutes and bacteroidetes in diabetes mellitus. Advances in Complementary & Alternative\u00a0Medicine, 4(1), 295\u2013298.","journal-title":"Advances in Complementary & Alternative\u00a0Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"8883_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015","volume":"124","author":"S Akira","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akira, S., Uematsu, S., & Takeuchi, O. (2006). Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell, 124(4), 783\u2013801.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"8883_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.04.002","volume":"39","author":"JM Allaire","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allaire, J. M., Crowley, S. M., Law, H. T., Chang, S.-Y., Ko, H.-J., & Vallance, B. A. (2018). The intestinal epithelium: Central coordinator of mucosal immunity. Trends in Immunology, 39(9), 677\u2013696.","journal-title":"Trends in Immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"8883_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez452","volume":"59","author":"D Armstrong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Armstrong, D., Dregan, A., Ashworth, M., White, P., McGee, C., & de Lusignan, S. (2020). Influence of prior antibiotic use on risk of rheumatoid arthritis: Case control study in general practice. Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 59(6), 1281\u20131287.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-030409-101159","volume":"28","author":"FY Avci","year":"2009","unstructured":"Avci, F. Y., & Kasper, D. L. (2009). How bacterial carbohydrates influence the adaptive immune system. Annual Review of Immunology, 28(1), 107\u2013130.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"8883_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2006.10.001","volume":"27","author":"BS Baker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baker, B. S., Powles, A., & Fry, L. (2006). Peptidoglycan: A major aetiological factor for psoriasis? Trends in Immunology, 27(12), 545\u2013551.","journal-title":"Trends in Immunology"},{"issue":"8","key":"8883_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad024","volume":"29","author":"G Bamias","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bamias, G., Kitsou, K., & Rivera-Nieves, J. (2023). The underappreciated role of secretory IgA in IBD. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 29(8), 1327\u20131341.","journal-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"8883_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2017.08.003","volume":"103","author":"JG Barin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barin, J. G., Talor, M. V., Diny, N. L., Ong, S., Schaub, J. A., Gebremariam, E., Bedja, D., Chen, G., Choi, H. S., & Hou, X. (2017). Regulation of autoimmune myocarditis by host responses to the microbiome. Experimental and Molecular Pathology, 103(2), 141\u2013152.","journal-title":"Experimental and Molecular Pathology"},{"key":"8883_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-016-9363-2","volume":"17","author":"S Benvenga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benvenga, S., & Guarneri, F. (2016). Molecular mimicry and autoimmune thyroid disease. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 17, 485\u2013498.","journal-title":"Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"8883_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223389","volume":"82","author":"A Boix-Amor\u00f3s","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boix-Amor\u00f3s, A., Badri, M. H., Manasson, J., Blank, R. B., Haberman, R. H., Neimann, A. L., Girija, P. V., Hernandez, A. J., Heguy, A., & Koralov, S. B. (2023). Alterations in the cutaneous microbiome of patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis reveal similarities between non-lesional and lesional skin. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 82(4), 507\u2013514.","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"8883_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.692.2.12","volume":"2","author":"M Bordin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bordin, M., D\u2019Atri, F., Guillemot, L., & Citi, S. (2004). Histone deacetylase inhibitors up-regulate the expression of tight junction proteins. Molecular Cancer Research, 2(12), 692\u2013701.","journal-title":"Molecular Cancer Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"8883_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030617","volume":"10","author":"L Boussamet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boussamet, L., Rajoka, M. S. R., & Berthelot, L. (2022). Microbiota, IgA and multiple sclerosis. Microorganisms, 10(3), Article 617.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-024-00253-2","volume":"8","author":"JD Braga","year":"2024","unstructured":"Braga, J. D., Thongngam, M., & Kumrungsee, T. (2024). Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential postbiotic mediator in the gut\u2013brain axis. Npj Science of Food, 8(1), Article 16.","journal-title":"Npj Science of Food"},{"issue":"263","key":"8883_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263ra158","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009759","volume":"6","author":"V Braniste","year":"2014","unstructured":"Braniste, V., Al-Asmakh, M., Kowal, C., Anuar, F., Abbaspour, A., T\u00f3th, M., Korecka, A., Bakocevic, N., Ng, L. G., & Kundu, P. (2014). The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice. Science Translational Medicine, 6(263), 263ra158-263ra158.","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"key":"8883_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00301-20","author":"EL Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown, E. L., Essigmann, H. T., Hoffman, K. L., Palm, N. W., Gunter, S. M., Sederstrom, J. M., Petrosino, J. F., Jun, G., Aguilar, D., & Perkison, W. B. (2020). Impact of diabetes on the gut and salivary IgA microbiomes. Infection and Immunity. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00301-20","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"8883_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0653-0","volume":"13","author":"JF Burgue\u00f1o","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burgue\u00f1o, J. F., Barba, A., Eyre, E., Romero, C., Neunlist, M., & Fern\u00e1ndez, E. (2016). TLR2 and TLR9 modulate enteric nervous system inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 13, 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"8883_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00763-8","volume":"23","author":"EI Buzas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buzas, E. I. (2023). The roles of extracellular vesicles in the immune system. Nature Reviews Immunology, 23(4), 236\u2013250.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"8883_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6242","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126242","volume":"22","author":"M Candelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Candelli, M., Franza, L., Pignataro, G., Ojetti, V., Covino, M., Piccioni, A., Gasbarrini, A., & Franceschi, F. (2021). Interaction between lipopolysaccharide and gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(12), 6242.","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"8883_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061944","volume":"8","author":"M Cao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cao, M., Wang, P., Sun, C., He, W., & Wang, F. (2013). Amelioration of IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by berberine via suppression of MLCK-MLC phosphorylation signaling pathway. PLoS ONE, 8(5), Article e61944.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8883_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.01.012","volume":"1693","author":"CR Cawthon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cawthon, C. R., & de La Serre, C. B. (2018). Gut bacteria interaction with vagal afferents. Brain Research, 1693, 134\u2013139.","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"8883_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70230","volume":"13","author":"E Chan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chan, E., & Mani, A. R. (2025). Assessing the therapeutic potential of vagus nerve stimulation in autoimmune diseases: A systematic review. Physiological Reports, 13(3), Article e70230.","journal-title":"Physiological Reports"},{"key":"8883_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02597","volume":"9","author":"AM Chander","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chander, A. M., Yadav, H., Jain, S., Bhadada, S. K., & Dhawan, D. K. (2018). Cross-talk between gluten, intestinal microbiota and intestinal mucosa in celiac disease: Recent advances and basis of autoimmunity. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, Article 2597.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"8883_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00781","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00781-23","volume":"9","author":"KC Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang, K. C., Nagarajan, N., & Gan, Y.-H. (2024). Short-chain fatty acids of various lengths differentially inhibit Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacteriaceae species. Msphere, 9(2), e00781-e723.","journal-title":"Msphere"},{"key":"8883_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chassaing, B., Ley, R. E., & Gewirtz, A. T. (2014). Intestinal epithelial cell toll-like receptor 5 regulates the intestinal microbiota to prevent low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome in mice. Gastroenterology, 147(6), 1363\u20131377.e1317.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.08.033"},{"key":"8883_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162727","author":"J Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, J., Wei, C., Pan, C., Wei, Y., Li, B., Liu, T., Wang, X., Wen, Z., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, M. (2025). Genetically engineered Bacillus subtilis-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates ulcerative colitis by restoring intestinal barrier and regulating gut microbiota. Chemical Engineering Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162727","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"8883_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1356","volume":"12","author":"L Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, L., Zhang, L., Hua, H., Liu, L., Mao, Y., & Wang, R. (2024). Interactions between toll-like receptors signaling pathway and gut microbiota in host homeostasis. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, 12(7), Article e1356.","journal-title":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"},{"key":"8883_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105139","volume":"95","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng, Y., Tang, S., Wu, T., Pan, S., & Xu, X. (2022). Lactobacillus casei-fermented blueberry pomace ameliorates colonic barrier function in high fat diet mice through MAPK-NF-\u03baB-MLCK signaling pathway. Journal of Functional Foods, 95, Article 105139.","journal-title":"Journal of Functional Foods"},{"issue":"2","key":"8883_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2087","volume":"16","author":"TB Clarke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clarke, T. B., Davis, K. M., Lysenko, E. S., Zhou, A. Y., Yu, Y., & Weiser, J. N. (2010). Recognition of peptidoglycan from the microbiota by Nod1 enhances systemic innate immunity. Nature Medicine, 16(2), 228\u2013231.","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"8883_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.07.002","volume":"26","author":"DA Colosimo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Colosimo, D. A., Kohn, J. A., Luo, P. M., Piscotta, F. J., Han, S. M., Pickard, A. J., Rao, A., Cross, J. R., Cohen, L. J., & Brady, S. F. (2019). Mapping interactions of microbial metabolites with human G-protein-coupled receptors. Cell Host & Microbe, 26(2), 273-282.e277.","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-063050","volume":"153","author":"TM DaFonte","year":"2024","unstructured":"DaFonte, T. M., Valitutti, F., Kenyon, V., Locascio, J. J., Montuori, M., Francavilla, R., Passaro, T., Crocco, M., Norsa, L., & Piemontese, P. (2024). Zonulin as a biomarker for the development of celiac disease. Pediatrics, 153(1), Article e2023063050.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"8883_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091838","volume":"10","author":"LM Dicks","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dicks, L. M. (2022). Gut bacteria and neurotransmitters. Microorganisms, 10(9), Article 1838.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"8883_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-024-05077-y","author":"G Ding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ding, G., Yang, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Du, Y., Wang, M., Ye, R., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., & Chen, Y. (2024). Gut microbiota regulates gut homeostasis, mucosal immunity and influences immune-related diseases. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-024-05077-y","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"8883_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00271-3","volume":"124","author":"L Dubuquoy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dubuquoy, L., Jansson, E. \u00c5., Deeb, S., Rakotobe, S., Karoui, M., Colombel, J.-F., Auwerx, J., Pettersson, S., & Desreumaux, P. (2003). Impaired expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 124(5), 1265\u20131276.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"24","key":"8883_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18276","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.098137","volume":"285","author":"A Dunne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dunne, A., Carpenter, S., Brikos, C., Gray, P., Strelow, A., Wesche, H., Morrice, N., & O\u2019Neill, L. A. (2010). IRAK1 and IRAK4 promote phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of MyD88 adaptor-like (Mal). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285(24), 18276\u201318282.","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"8883_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.662807","volume":"12","author":"D Erturk-Hasdemir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Erturk-Hasdemir, D., Ochoa-Rep\u00e1raz, J., Kasper, D. L., & Kasper, L. H. (2021). Exploring the gut-brain axis for the control of CNS inflammatory demyelination: Immunomodulation by Bacteroides fragilis\u2019 polysaccharide A. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, Article 662807.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"8883_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-011-8291-x","volume":"42","author":"A Fasano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fasano, A. (2012). Leaky gut and autoimmune diseases. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 42, 71\u201378.","journal-title":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology"},{"key":"8883_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S253","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200406001-00641","volume":"39","author":"A Fasano","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fasano, A., Clemente, M., Vogel, S., & Hollenberg, M. (2004). P0517 Zot\/zonulin-mediated regulation of intestinal tight junctions involves the proteinase-activated receptor 2 (Par-2). Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 39, S253\u2013S254.","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"},{"issue":"6","key":"8883_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218384","volume":"14","author":"Y Feng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, P., Song, H., & Wang, F. (2019). Antibiotics induced intestinal tight junction barrier dysfunction is associated with microbiota dysbiosis, activated NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy. PLoS ONE, 14(6), Article e0218384.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"8883_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031023","volume":"198","author":"KA Fitzgerald","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, K. A., Rowe, D. C., Barnes, B. J., Caffrey, D. R., Visintin, A., Latz, E., Monks, B., Pitha, P. M., & Golenbock, D. T. (2003). LPS-TLR4 signaling to IRF-3\/7 and NF-\u03baB involves the toll adapters TRAM and TRIF. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 198(7), 1043\u20131055.","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"8883_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050271","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1050271","volume":"13","author":"S Fonseca","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fonseca, S., Carvalho, A. L., Miquel-Clop\u00e9s, A., Jones, E. J., Juodeikis, R., Stentz, R., & Carding, S. R. (2022). Extracellular vesicles produced by the human gut commensal bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron elicit anti-inflammatory responses from innate immune cells. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 1050271.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"6467","key":"8883_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav3487","volume":"366","author":"C Gil-Cruz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gil-Cruz, C., Perez-Shibayama, C., De Martin, A., Ronchi, F., Van Der Borght, K., Niederer, R., Onder, L., L\u00fctge, M., Novkovic, M., & Nindl, V. (2019). Microbiota-derived peptide mimics drive lethal inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Science, 366(6467), 881\u2013886.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"31","key":"8883_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2120028119","volume":"119","author":"K Girdhar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Girdhar, K., Huang, Q., Chow, I.-T., Vatanen, T., Brady, C., Raisingani, A., Autissier, P., Atkinson, M. A., Kwok, W. W., & Kahn, C. R. (2022). A gut microbial peptide and molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(31), Article e2120028119.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"434","key":"8883_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan2306","volume":"10","author":"TM Greiling","year":"2018","unstructured":"Greiling, T. M., Dehner, C., Chen, X., Hughes, K., I\u00f1iguez, A. J., Boccitto, M., Ruiz, D. Z., Renfroe, S. C., Vieira, S. M., & Ruff, W. E. (2018). Commensal orthologs of the human autoantigen Ro60 as triggers of autoimmunity in lupus. Science Translational Medicine, 10(434), Article eaan2306.","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"key":"8883_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02054","volume":"11","author":"JA Grondin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grondin, J. A., Kwon, Y. H., Far, P. M., Haq, S., & Khan, W. I. (2020). Mucins in intestinal mucosal defense and inflammation: Learning from clinical and experimental studies. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 2054.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"8883_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200355","volume":"12","author":"VK Gupta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gupta, V. K., Janda, G. S., Pump, H. K., Lele, N., Cruz, I., Cohen, I., Ruff, W. E., Hafler, D. A., Sung, J., & Longbrake, E. E. (2025). Alterations in gut microbiome-host relationships after immune perturbation in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 12(2), Article e200355.","journal-title":"Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"8883_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02801.x","volume":"140","author":"P Hopkins","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hopkins, P., & Sriskandan, S. (2005). Mammalian toll-like receptors: To immunity and beyond. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 140(3), 395\u2013407.","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"8883_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.135718","volume":"5","author":"J Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, J., Pearson, J. A., Peng, J., Hu, Y., Sha, S., Xing, Y., Huang, G., Li, X., Hu, F., & Xie, Z. (2020). Gut microbial metabolites alter IgA immunity in type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight, 5(10), Article e135718.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"3","key":"8883_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10030205","volume":"10","author":"X Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, X., Oshima, T., Tomita, T., Fukui, H., & Miwa, H. (2021). Butyrate alleviates cytokine-induced barrier dysfunction by modifying claudin-2 levels. Biology, 10(3), 205.","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"8883_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111699","author":"KG Jameson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jameson, K. G., Kazmi, S. A., Ohara, T. E., Son, C., Yu, K. B., Mazdeyasnan, D., Leshan, E., Vuong, H. E., Paramo, J., & Lopez-Romero, A. (2025). Select microbial metabolites in the small intestinal lumen regulates vagal activity via receptor-mediated signaling. iScience. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111699","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"12","key":"8883_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-022-00934-6","volume":"19","author":"L Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang, L., Shang, M., Yu, S., Liu, Y., Zhang, H., Zhou, Y., Wang, M., Wang, T., Li, H., & Liu, Z. (2022). A high-fiber diet synergizes with Prevotella copri and exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis. Cellular & Molecular Immunology, 19(12), 1414\u20131424.","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"8883_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.88","volume":"16","author":"ME Johansson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johansson, M. E., & Hansson, G. C. (2016). Immunological aspects of intestinal mucus and mucins. Nature Reviews Immunology, 16(10), 639\u2013649.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"8883_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.15122","volume":"27","author":"MF Ju\u00e1rez-Chairez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ju\u00e1rez-Chairez, M. F., Cid-Gallegos, M. S., Jim\u00e9nez-Mart\u00ednez, C., Prieto-Contreras, L. F., & Bollain-y-Goytia de-la-Rosa, J. J. (2024). The role of microbiota on rheumatoid arthritis onset. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, 27(3), Article e15122.","journal-title":"International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1018","volume":"5","author":"D Kelly","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kelly, D., Campbell, J. I., King, T. P., Grant, G., Jansson, E. A., Coutts, A. G., Pettersson, S., & Conway, S. (2004). Commensal anaerobic gut bacteria attenuate inflammation by regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of PPAR-\u03b3 and RelA. Nature Immunology, 5(1), 104\u2013112.","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"8883_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00625-0","volume":"18","author":"CH Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, C. H. (2021). Control of lymphocyte functions by gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids. Cellular & Molecular Immunology, 18(5), 1161\u20131171.","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Immunology"},{"issue":"19","key":"8883_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194871","volume":"20","author":"J-W Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, J.-W., Kwok, S.-K., Choe, J.-Y., & Park, S.-H. (2019). Recent advances in our understanding of the link between the intestinal microbiota and systemic lupus erythematosus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(19), 4871.","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05477-1","volume":"44","author":"BF Kocyigit","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kocyigit, B. F., Assylbek, M. I., Akyol, A., Abdurakhmanov, R., & Yessirkepov, M. (2024). Vagus nerve stimulation as a therapeutic option in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology International, 44(1), 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Rheumatology International"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03013-x","volume":"25","author":"JH Koh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koh, J. H., Lee, E. H., Cha, K. H., Pan, C.-H., Kim, D., & Kim, W.-U. (2023). Factors associated with the composition of the gut microbiome in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis and its value for predicting treatment responses. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 25(1), 32.","journal-title":"Arthritis Research & Therapy"},{"key":"8883_CR59","volume-title":"The molecular mechanisms mediating dendritic cell responses to anti-inflammatory microbes","author":"PA Konieczna","year":"2014","unstructured":"Konieczna, P. A. (2014). The molecular mechanisms mediating dendritic cell responses to anti-inflammatory microbes. University of Zurich."},{"issue":"10","key":"8883_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e196","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2016.54","volume":"7","author":"J K\u00f6nig","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig, J., Wells, J., Cani, P. D., Garc\u00eda-R\u00f3denas, C. L., MacDonald, T., Mercenier, A., Whyte, J., Troost, F., & Brummer, R.-J. (2016). Human intestinal barrier function in health and disease. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 7(10), e196.","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology"},{"key":"8883_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3848","volume":"14","author":"SC Law","year":"2012","unstructured":"Law, S. C., Street, S., Yu, C.-H.A., Capini, C., Ramnoruth, S., Nel, H. J., van Gorp, E., Hyde, C., Lau, K., & Pahau, H. (2012). T-cell autoreactivity to citrullinated autoantigenic peptides in rheumatoid arthritis patients carrying HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 14, 1\u201312.","journal-title":"Arthritis Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"8883_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.09.003","volume":"43","author":"JS Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee, J. S., Tato, C. M., Joyce-Shaikh, B., Gulen, M. F., Cayatte, C., Chen, Y., Blumenschein, W. M., Judo, M., Ayanoglu, G., & McClanahan, T. K. (2015). Interleukin-23-independent IL-17 production regulates intestinal epithelial permeability. Immunity, 43(4), 727\u2013738.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"12","key":"8883_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1500","volume":"8","author":"J Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee, J., Mo, J.-H., Katakura, K., Alkalay, I., Rucker, A. N., Liu, Y.-T., Lee, H.-K., Shen, C., Cojocaru, G., & Shenouda, S. (2006). Maintenance of colonic homeostasis by distinctive apical TLR9 signalling in intestinal epithelial cells. Nature Cell Biology, 8(12), 1327\u20131336.","journal-title":"Nature Cell Biology"},{"key":"8883_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173421","volume":"884","author":"D Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, D., Pan, Y., Xia, X., Liang, J., Liu, F., Dou, H., & Hou, Y. (2020). Bacteroides fragilis alleviates the symptoms of lupus nephritis via regulating CD1d and CD86 expressions in B cells. European Journal of Pharmacology, 884, Article 173421.","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"8883_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1209613","volume":"10","author":"S Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, S. (2023). Modulation of immunity by tryptophan microbial metabolites. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, Article 1209613.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"key":"8883_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.956417","volume":"12","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, Y., Guo, R., Oduro, P. K., Sun, T., Chen, H., Yi, Y., Zeng, W., Wang, Q., Leng, L., & Yang, L. (2022). The relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 12, Article 956417.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"8883_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035240","volume":"7","author":"HV Lin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin, H. V., Frassetto, A., Kowalik, E. J., Jr., Nawrocki, A. R., Lu, M. M., Kosinski, J. R., Hubert, J. A., Szeto, D., Yao, X., & Forrest, G. (2012). Butyrate and propionate protect against diet-induced obesity and regulate gut hormones via free fatty acid receptor 3-independent mechanisms. PLoS ONE, 7(4), Article e35240.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"8883_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.04.026","volume":"10","author":"H-Y Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin, H.-Y., Tang, C.-H., Chen, Y.-H., Wei, I.-H., Chen, J.-H., Lai, C.-H., & Lu, D.-Y. (2010). Peptidoglycan enhances proinflammatory cytokine expression through the TLR2 receptor, MyD88, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/AKT and NF-kappaB pathways in BV-2 microglia. International Immunopharmacology, 10(8), 883\u2013891.","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"8883_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103583","author":"L Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin, L., Ren, R., Xiong, Q., Zheng, C., Yang, B., & Wang, H. (2024). Remodeling of T-cell mitochondrial metabolism to treat autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity Reviews. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103583","journal-title":"Autoimmunity Reviews"},{"key":"8883_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3316798","author":"Y Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin, Y., Li, B., Yang, X., Chen, Y., Liu, T., Shi, T., Deng, B., Zhang, Y., Jia, L., & Jiang, Z. (2019). STAT6 induces MLCK1-dependent epithelial tight junction dysfunction and promotes intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis. SSRN. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3316798","journal-title":"SSRN"},{"key":"8883_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.590783","volume":"11","author":"Z Ling","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ling, Z., Cheng, Y., Yan, X., Shao, L., Liu, X., Zhou, D., Zhang, L., Yu, K., & Zhao, L. (2020). Alterations of the fecal microbiota in Chinese patients with multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, Article 590783.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"8883_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-013-0338-1","volume":"67","author":"X Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu, X., Zou, Q., Zeng, B., Fang, Y., & Wei, H. (2013). Analysis of fecal Lactobacillus community structure in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Current Microbiology, 67, 170\u2013176.","journal-title":"Current Microbiology"},{"key":"8883_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/ar330","volume":"3","author":"Z-Q Liu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Liu, Z.-Q., Deng, G.-M., Foster, S., & Tarkowski, A. (2001). Staphylococcal peptidoglycans induce arthritis. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 3, 1\u20136.","journal-title":"Arthritis Research & Therapy"},{"key":"8883_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.566299","volume":"12","author":"M Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu, M., DiBernardo, E., Parks, E., Fox, H., Zheng, S.-Y., & Wayne, E. (2021). The role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, Article 566299.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08916934.2024.2378876","volume":"57","author":"R Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu, R., & Luo, X. M. (2024). The role of gut microbiota in different murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity, 57(1), Article 2378876.","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"8883_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.01.006","volume":"42","author":"Y-C Lu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lu, Y.-C., Yeh, W.-C., & Ohashi, P. S. (2008). LPS\/TLR4 signal transduction pathway. Cytokine, 42(2), 145\u2013151.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"10","key":"8883_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23936","volume":"58","author":"K Lundberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lundberg, K., Kinloch, A., Fisher, B. A., Wegner, N., Wait, R., Charles, P., Mikuls, T. R., & Venables, P. J. (2008). Antibodies to citrullinated \u03b1-enolase peptide 1 are specific for rheumatoid arthritis and cross-react with bacterial enolase. Arthritis & Rheumatism: Official Journal of the American College of Rheumatology, 58(10), 3009\u20133019.","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism: Official Journal of the American College of Rheumatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"8883_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063303","volume":"23","author":"A Lymperopoulos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lymperopoulos, A., Suster, M. S., & Borges, J. I. (2022). Short-chain fatty acid receptors and cardiovascular function. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(6), 3303.","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00554-7","volume":"22","author":"DJ Lynn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lynn, D. J., Benson, S. C., Lynn, M. A., & Pulendran, B. (2022). Modulation of immune responses to vaccination by the microbiota: Implications and potential mechanisms. Nature Reviews Immunology, 22(1), 33\u201346.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"8883_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.09.016","volume":"53","author":"A-H Maghzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maghzi, A.-H., & Weiner, H. L. (2020). A one-two punch in the gut may trigger multiple sclerosis. Immunity, 53(4), 707\u2013709.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"8883_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.10.066","volume":"160","author":"KG Margolis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Margolis, K. G., Cryan, J. F., & Mayer, E. A. (2021). The microbiota-gut-brain axis: From motility to mood. Gastroenterology, 160(5), 1486\u20131501.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"8883_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G936","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00053.2021","volume":"320","author":"P Marincola Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marincola Smith, P., Choksi, Y. A., Markham, N. O., Hanna, D. N., Zi, J., Weaver, C. J., Hamaamen, J. A., Lewis, K. B., Yang, J., & Liu, Q. (2021). Colon epithelial cell TGF\u03b2 signaling modulates the expression of tight junction proteins and barrier function in mice. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 320(6), G936\u2013G957.","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"8883_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/90935","volume":"7","author":"P Marrack","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marrack, P., Kappler, J., & Kotzin, B. L. (2001). Autoimmune disease: Why and where it occurs. Nature Medicine, 7(8), 899\u2013905.","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"8883_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2010.00373.x","author":"TS McCormick","year":"2010","unstructured":"McCormick, T. S., & Weinberg, A. (2010). Epithelial cell-derived antimicrobial peptides are multi-functional agents that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Periodontology 2000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2010.00373.x","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185034","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2185034","volume":"15","author":"D Merenstein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Merenstein, D., Pot, B., Leyer, G., Ouwehand, A. C., Preidis, G. A., Elkins, C. A., Hill, C., Lewis, Z. T., Shane, A. L., & Zmora, N. (2023). Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives. Gut Microbes, 15(1), 2185034.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"5","key":"8883_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01041-3","volume":"22","author":"A Metwaly","year":"2025","unstructured":"Metwaly, A., Kriaa, A., Hassani, Z., Carraturo, F., Druart, C., Arnauts, K., Wilmes, P., Walter, J., & Rosshart, S. (2025). A consensus statement on establishing causality, therapeutic applications and the use of preclinical models in microbiome research. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 22(5), 343\u2013356.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"8883_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18794","volume":"37","author":"C Mias","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mias, C., Mengeaud, V., Bessou-Touya, S., & Duplan, H. (2023). Recent advances in understanding inflammatory acne: Deciphering the relationship between Cutibacterium acnes and Th17 inflammatory pathway. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 37, 3\u201311.","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"},{"issue":"2","key":"8883_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxab039","volume":"34","author":"Y Mikami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mikami, Y., Tsunoda, J., Kiyohara, H., Taniki, N., Teratani, T., & Kanai, T. (2022). Vagus nerve-mediated intestinal immune regulation: Therapeutic implications of inflammatory bowel diseases. International Immunology, 34(2), 97\u2013106.","journal-title":"International Immunology"},{"key":"8883_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00060-18","author":"HC Mirsepasi-Lauridsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mirsepasi-Lauridsen, H. C., Vallance, B. A., Krogfelt, K. A., & Petersen, A. M. (2019). Escherichia coli pathobionts associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00060-18","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"8883_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mogilevski, T., & Farmer, A. D. (2025). Vagus nerve stimulation for the management of inflammatory bowel disease and the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway. In Vagus nerve stimulation (pp. 287\u2013297). Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816996-4.00029-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"8883_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61196-0","volume":"167","author":"R Moriez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moriez, R., Salvador-Cartier, C., Theodorou, V., Fioramonti, J., Eutamene, H., & Bueno, L. (2005). Myosin light chain kinase is involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced disruption of colonic epithelial barrier and bacterial translocation in rats. The American Journal of Pathology, 167(4), 1071\u20131079.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Pathology"},{"issue":"16","key":"8883_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8649","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168649","volume":"25","author":"A Mucientes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mucientes, A., Lisbona-Monta\u00f1ez, J. M., Mena-V\u00e1zquez, N., Ruiz-Lim\u00f3n, P., Manrique-Arija, S., Garc\u00eda-Studer, A., Ortiz-M\u00e1rquez, F., & Fern\u00e1ndez-Nebro, A. (2024). Intestinal dysbiosis, tight junction proteins, and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(16), 8649.","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"28","key":"8883_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2322577121","volume":"121","author":"C Natarajan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Natarajan, C., Le, L. H., Gunasekaran, M., Tracey, K. J., Chernoff, D., & Levine, Y. A. (2024). Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve ameliorates inflammation and disease activity in a rat EAE model of multiple sclerosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 121(28), Article e2322577121.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"8","key":"8883_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145713000448","volume":"16","author":"RM O'Connor","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor, R. M., Grenham, S., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2013). Micrornas as novel antidepressant targets: Converging effects of ketamine and electroconvulsive shock therapy in the rat hippocampus. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 16(8), 1885\u20131892.","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"8883_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2079","volume":"7","author":"LA O'Neill","year":"2007","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, L. A., & Bowie, A. G. (2007). The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in toll-like receptor signalling. Nature Reviews Immunology, 7(5), 353\u2013364.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"8883_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2024.111545","volume":"195","author":"KEMP Orteza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Orteza, K. E. M. P., Mosqueda, M. E. G., Carena, J. V., & Tantengco, O. A. G. (2025). Potential role of bacterial extracellular vesicles in the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Medical Hypotheses, 195, Article 111545.","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0227-4","volume":"13","author":"O Pabst","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pabst, O., & Slack, E. (2020). IgA and the intestinal microbiota: The importance of being specific. Mucosal Immunology, 13(1), 12\u201321.","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunology"},{"key":"8883_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00906","volume":"11","author":"BJ Parker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parker, B. J., Wearsch, P. A., Veloo, A. C., & Rodriguez-Palacios, A. (2020). The genus Alistipes: Gut bacteria with emerging implications to inflammation, cancer, and mental health. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, Article 906.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"8883_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.189","volume":"8","author":"VA Pavlov","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pavlov, V. A., & Tracey, K. J. (2012). The vagus nerve and the inflammatory reflex\u2014linking immunity and metabolism. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 8(12), 743\u2013754.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"8883_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO04063H","volume":"14","author":"MFA Pereira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pereira, M. F. A., de \u00c1vila, L. G. M., dos Santos Cruz, B. C., Silva, B. C., de Oliveira, L. L., Gon\u00e7alves, R. V., Ribon, A. O. B., de Oliveira Mendes, T. A., & Peluzio, M. C. G. (2023). The role of IL-10 in regulating inflammation and gut microbiome in mice consuming milk kefir and orally challenged with S Typhimurium. Food & Function, 14(8), 3804\u20133814.","journal-title":"Food & Function"},{"issue":"3","key":"8883_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.17","volume":"16","author":"A Perez-Lopez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perez-Lopez, A., Behnsen, J., Nuccio, S.-P., & Raffatellu, M. (2016). Mucosal immunity to pathogenic intestinal bacteria. Nature Reviews Immunology, 16(3), 135\u2013148.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"issue":"19","key":"8883_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8772","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905745107","volume":"107","author":"L Peyrin-Biroulet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peyrin-Biroulet, L., Beisner, J., Wang, G., Nuding, S., Oommen, S. T., Kelly, D., Parmentier-Decrucq, E., Dessein, R., Merour, E., & Chavatte, P. (2010). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation is required for maintenance of innate antimicrobial immunity in the colon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(19), 8772\u20138777.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"8883_CR103","first-page":"E488","volume":"115","author":"B Piasecka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Piasecka, B., Duffy, D., Urrutia, A., Quach, H., Patin, E., Posseme, C., Bergstedt, J., Charbit, B., Rouilly, V., & MacPherson, C. R. (2018). Distinctive roles of age, sex, and genetics in shaping transcriptional variation of human immune responses to microbial challenges. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(3), E488\u2013E497.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"8883_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030707","volume":"11","author":"A Piccioni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piccioni, A., Rosa, F., Mannucci, S., Manca, F., Merra, G., Chiloiro, S., Candelli, M., Covino, M., Gasbarrini, A., & Franceschi, F. (2023). Gut microbiota, LADA, and type 1 diabetes mellitus: An evolving relationship. Biomedicines, 11(3), 707.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"10","key":"8883_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025038","volume":"6","author":"S Pidasheva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pidasheva, S., Trifari, S., Phillips, A., Hackney, J. A., Ma, Y., Smith, A., Sohn, S. J., Spits, H., Little, R. D., & Behrens, T. W. (2011). Functional studies on the IBD susceptibility gene IL23R implicate reduced receptor function in the protective genetic variant R381Q. PLoS ONE, 6(10), Article e25038.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5396","key":"8883_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5396.2085","volume":"282","author":"A Poltorak","year":"1998","unstructured":"Poltorak, A., He, X., Smirnova, I., Liu, M.-Y., Huffel, C. V., Du, X., Birdwell, D., Alejos, E., Silva, M., & Galanos, C. (1998). Defective LPS signaling in C3H\/HeJ and C57BL\/10ScCr mice: Mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science, 282(5396), 2085\u20132088.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"8883_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020423","volume":"13","author":"A Ratsika","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ratsika, A., Codagnone, M. C., O\u2019Mahony, S., Stanton, C., & Cryan, J. F. (2021). Priming for life: Early life nutrition and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Nutrients, 13(2), 423.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"8883_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801427","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201801427","volume":"63","author":"C Ren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ren, C., Dokter-Fokkens, J., Figueroa Lozano, S., Zhang, Q., de Haan, B. J., Zhang, H., Faas, M. M., & de Vos, P. (2019). Fibroblasts impact goblet cell responses to lactic acid bacteria after exposure to inflammatory cytokines and mucus disruptors. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 63(12), 1801427.","journal-title":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"8883_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i61","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwae059.148","volume":"8","author":"M Ren","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ren, M., de Sa, O., Li, Q., Bharali, B., Mu, K., Turpin, W., Croitoru, K., C.-G. R. Consortium, & Philpott, D. (2025). A148 NOD2 ligand and peptidoglycan hydrolase gene abundances are altered in pre-Crohn\u2019s disease. Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology, 8(Supplement_1), i61\u2013i61.","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"8883_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.10.012","volume":"95","author":"M Rojas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rojas, M., Restrepo-Jim\u00e9nez, P., Monsalve, D. M., Pacheco, Y., Acosta-Ampudia, Y., Ram\u00edrez-Santana, C., Leung, P. S., Ansari, A. A., Gershwin, M. E., & Anaya, J.-M. (2018). Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity. Journal of Autoimmunity, 95, 100\u2013123.","journal-title":"Journal of Autoimmunity"},{"key":"8883_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.702659","volume":"8","author":"Z Rong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rong, Z., Huang, Y., Cai, H., Chen, M., Wang, H., Liu, G., Zhang, Z., & Wu, J. (2021). Gut microbiota disorders promote inflammation and aggravate spinal cord injury through the TLR4\/MyD88 signaling pathway. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, Article 702659.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"key":"8883_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113518","volume":"153","author":"P Ruiz-Limon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruiz-Limon, P., Mena-V\u00e1zquez, N., Moreno-Indias, I., Manrique-Arija, S., Lisbona-Montanez, J. M., Cano-Garcia, L., Tinahones, F. J., & Fern\u00e1ndez-Nebro, A. (2022). Collinsella is associated with cumulative inflammatory burden in an established rheumatoid arthritis cohort. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 153, Article 113518.","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"8883_CR113","volume-title":"Analysis of gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles isolated from newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients","author":"S Salmi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salmi, S. (2020). Analysis of gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles isolated from newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients. University of Oulu."},{"issue":"8","key":"8883_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.8.1544","volume":"124","author":"IA Schrijver","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schrijver, I. A., Van Meurs, M., Melief, M.-J., Wim Ang, C., Buljevac, D., Ravid, R., Hazenberg, M. P., & Laman, J. D. (2001). Bacterial peptidoglycan and immune reactivity in the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis. Brain, 124(8), 1544\u20131554.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"8883_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.17161","volume":"292","author":"SM Schumacher","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schumacher, S. M., Doyle, W. J., Hill, K., & Ochoa-Rep\u00e1raz, J. (2025). Gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis and animal models. The FEBS Journal, 292(6), 1330\u20131356.","journal-title":"The FEBS Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.22.010305.104219","volume":"22","author":"K Shin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shin, K., Fogg, V. C., & Margolis, B. (2006). Tight junctions and cell polarity. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 22(1), 207\u2013235.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"8883_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13195","volume":"194","author":"L Stewart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stewart, L., Edgar, J., Blakely, G., & Patrick, S. (2018). Antigenic mimicry of ubiquitin by the gut bacterium Bacteroides fragilis: A potential link with autoimmune disease. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 194(2), 153\u2013165.","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1747","volume":"6","author":"W Strober","year":"2006","unstructured":"Strober, W., Murray, P. J., Kitani, A., & Watanabe, T. (2006). Signalling pathways and molecular interactions of NOD1 and NOD2. Nature Reviews Immunology, 6(1), 9\u201320.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"8883_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-022-11795-4","volume":"106","author":"Q Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun, Q., Liu, X., & Li, X. (2022). Peptidoglycan-based immunomodulation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 106(3), 981\u2013993.","journal-title":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},{"key":"8883_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628482110180","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848211018098","volume":"14","author":"R Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun, R., Xu, C., Feng, B., Gao, X., & Liu, Z. (2021). Critical roles of bile acids in regulating intestinal mucosal immune responses. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, 14, 17562848211018098.","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"8883_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088369","volume":"9","author":"M Suzuki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suzuki, M., Nagaishi, T., Yamazaki, M., Onizawa, M., Watabe, T., Sakamaki, Y., Ichinose, S., Totsuka, M., Oshima, S., & Okamoto, R. (2014). Myosin light chain kinase expression induced via tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 signaling in the epithelial cells regulates the development of colitis-associated carcinogenesis. PLoS ONE, 9(2), Article e88369.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"8883_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160526","volume":"213","author":"N Tai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tai, N., Peng, J., Liu, F., Gulden, E., Hu, Y., Zhang, X., Chen, L., Wong, F. S., & Wen, L. (2016). Microbial antigen mimics activate diabetogenic CD8 T cells in NOD mice. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 213(10), 2129\u20132146.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"8883_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.022","volume":"140","author":"O Takeuchi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takeuchi, O., & Akira, S. (2010). Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation. Cell, 140(6), 805\u2013820.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"8883_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103130","volume":"21","author":"Y Tan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan, Y., Liu, Q., Li, Z., Yang, S., & Cui, L. (2022). Epigenetics-mediated pathological alternations and their potential in antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis and therapy. Autoimmunity Reviews, 21(8), Article 103130.","journal-title":"Autoimmunity Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.01.061","volume":"368","author":"N Tanimura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tanimura, N., Saitoh, S., Matsumoto, F., Akashi-Takamura, S., & Miyake, K. (2008). Roles for LPS-dependent interaction and relocation of TLR4 and TRAM in TRIF-signaling. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 368(1), 94\u201399.","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"8883_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1056973","volume":"6","author":"KM Telesford","year":"2015","unstructured":"Telesford, K. M., Yan, W., Ochoa-Reparaz, J., Pant, A., Kircher, C., Christy, M. A., Begum-Haque, S., Kasper, D. L., & Kasper, L. H. (2015). A commensal symbiotic factor derived from Bacteroides fragilis promotes human CD39+ Foxp3+ T cells and Treg function. Gut Microbes, 6(4), 234\u2013242.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"8883_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01891","volume":"10","author":"H Tezuka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tezuka, H., & Ohteki, T. (2019). Regulation of IgA production by intestinal dendritic cells and related cells. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 1891.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"39","key":"8883_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16799","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906773106","volume":"106","author":"A Tripathi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tripathi, A., Lammers, K. M., Goldblum, S., Shea-Donohue, T., Netzel-Arnett, S., Buzza, M. S., Antalis, T. M., Vogel, S. N., Zhao, A., & Yang, S. (2009). Identification of human zonulin, a physiological modulator of tight junctions, as prehaptoglobin-2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(39), 16799\u201316804.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"8883_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2741\/3603","volume":"15","author":"EB Troy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Troy, E. B., & Kasper, D. L. (2010). Beneficial effects of Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharides on the immune system. Frontiers in Bioscience: A Journal and Virtual Library, 15, 25.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience: A Journal and Virtual Library"},{"issue":"4","key":"8883_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0409-344","volume":"27","author":"MH Tsch\u00f6p","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tsch\u00f6p, M. H., Hugenholtz, P., & Karp, C. L. (2009). Getting to the core of the gut microbiome. Nature Biotechnology, 27(4), 344\u2013346.","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnology"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387794","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2387794","volume":"16","author":"T-A Turner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Turner, T.-A., Lehman, P., Ghimire, S., Shahi, S. K., & Mangalam, A. (2024). Game of microbes: The battle within\u2013gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis. Gut Microbes, 16(1), 2387794.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2008.01252.x","volume":"21","author":"EP Van Der Zanden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Der Zanden, E. P., Boeckxstaens, G. E., & De Jonge, W. J. (2009). The vagus nerve as a modulator of intestinal inflammation. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 21(1), 6\u201317.","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility"},{"issue":"10","key":"8883_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2022-0244","volume":"60","author":"L Van Hoovels","year":"2022","unstructured":"Van Hoovels, L., Vander Cruyssen, B., Sieghart, D., Bonroy, C., Nagy, E., Pullerits, R., \u010cu\u010dnik, S., Dahle, C., Heijnen, I., & Bernasconi, L. (2022). IgA rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 60(10), 1617\u20131626.","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"8883_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.954764","volume":"13","author":"DJ van Mourik","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Mourik, D. J., Salet, D. M., Middeldorp, S., Nieuwdorp, M., & van Mens, T. E. (2022). The role of the intestinal microbiome in antiphospholipid syndrome. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, Article 954764.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"8883_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084553","volume":"8","author":"CR Walker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walker, C. R., Hautefort, I., Dalton, J. E., Overweg, K., Egan, C. E., Bongaerts, R. J., Newton, D. J., Cruickshank, S. M., Andrew, E. M., & Carding, S. R. (2013). Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte-enterocyte crosstalk regulates production of bactericidal angiogenin 4 by Paneth cells upon microbial challenge. PLoS ONE, 8(12), Article e84553.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR136","first-page":"6047145","volume":"2020","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, J., Li, W., Wang, C., Wang, L., He, T., Hu, H., Song, J., Cui, C., Qiao, J., & Qing, L. (2020). Enterotype bacteroides is associated with a high risk in patients with diabetes: A pilot study. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2020(1), 6047145.","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"8883_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12395","volume":"278","author":"L Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, L., Wang, F. S., & Gershwin, M. E. (2015). Human autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive update. Journal of Internal Medicine, 278(4), 369\u2013395.","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"8883_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365554","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1365554","volume":"15","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, X., Yuan, W., Yang, C., Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Xu, D., Sun, X., & Sun, W. (2024). Emerging role of gut microbiota in autoimmune diseases. Frontiers in Immunology, 15, 1365554.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"8883_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32833da1eb","volume":"23","author":"EC Wick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wick, E. C., & Sears, C. L. (2010). Bacteroides spp. and diarrhea. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 23(5), 470\u2013474.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"15","key":"8883_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153340","volume":"15","author":"X Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, X., Li, P., Wang, W., Xu, J., Ai, R., Wen, Q., Cui, B., & Zhang, F. (2023). The underlying changes in serum metabolic profiles and efficacy prediction in patients with extensive ulcerative colitis undergoing fecal microbiota transplantation. Nutrients, 15(15), 3340.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"8883_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goae076","volume":"12","author":"B Xiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiang, B., Hu, J., Zhang, M., & Zhi, M. (2024). The involvement of oral bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology Report, 12, Article goae076.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Report"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2021-000599","volume":"9","author":"S Xiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiang, S., Qu, Y., Qian, S., Wang, R., Wang, Y., Jin, Y., Li, J., & Ding, X. (2022). Association between systemic lupus erythematosus and disruption of gut microbiota: A meta-analysis. Lupus Science & Medicine, 9(1), Article e000599.","journal-title":"Lupus Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"19","key":"8883_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4163","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194163","volume":"14","author":"R-C Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, R.-C., Miao, W.-T., Xu, J.-Y., Xu, W.-X., Liu, M.-R., Ding, S.-T., Jian, Y.-X., Lei, Y.-H., Yan, N., & Liu, H.-D. (2022a). Neuroprotective effects of sodium butyrate and monomethyl fumarate treatment through GPR109A modulation and intestinal barrier restoration on PD mice. Nutrients, 14(19), 4163.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"8883_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-022-00499-9","volume":"14","author":"X Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, X., Ocansey, D. K. W., Hang, S., Wang, B., Amoah, S., Yi, C., Zhang, X., Liu, L., & Mao, F. (2022b). The gut metagenomics and metabolomics signature in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Pathogens, 14(1), 26.","journal-title":"Gut Pathogens"},{"issue":"2","key":"8883_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00060","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00060-22","volume":"37","author":"A Yadegar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yadegar, A., Bar-Yoseph, H., Monaghan, T. M., Pakpour, S., Severino, A., Kuijper, E. J., Smits, W. K., Terveer, E. M., Neupane, S., & Nabavi-Rad, A. (2024). Fecal microbiota transplantation: Current challenges and future landscapes. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 37(2), e00060-e22.","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"8883_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179586","volume":"12","author":"H Yan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yan, H., & Ajuwon, K. M. (2017). Butyrate modifies intestinal barrier function in IPEC-J2 cells through a selective upregulation of tight junction proteins and activation of the Akt signaling pathway. PLoS ONE, 12(6), Article e0179586.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8883_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0542-4","volume":"17","author":"Z Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Matteson, E. L., Goronzy, J. J., & Weyand, C. M. (2015). T-cell metabolism in autoimmune disease. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 17, 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Arthritis Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"8883_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13361","volume":"99","author":"D Ye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ye, D., He, J., & He, X. (2024). The role of bile acid receptor TGR5 in regulating inflammatory signalling. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 99(4), Article e13361.","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"8883_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101587","volume":"8","author":"JY Yoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoo, J. Y., Groer, M., Dutra, S. V. O., Sarkar, A., & McSkimming, D. I. (2020). Gut microbiota and immune system interactions. Microorganisms, 8(10), Article 1587.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"3","key":"8883_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellin.2023.100100","volume":"2","author":"K Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu, K., Guo, Y.-Y., Liuyu, T., Wang, P., Zhang, Z.-D., Lin, D., & Zhong, B. (2023). The deubiquitinase OTUD4 inhibits the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Paneth cells to support intestinal inflammation and bacterial infection. Cell Insight, 2(3), Article 100100.","journal-title":"Cell Insight"},{"issue":"6","key":"8883_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3230","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100058","volume":"187","author":"T Yuki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yuki, T., Yoshida, H., Akazawa, Y., Komiya, A., Sugiyama, Y., & Inoue, S. (2011). Activation of TLR2 enhances tight junction barrier in epidermal keratinocytes. The Journal of Immunology, 187(6), 3230\u20133237.","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"8883_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.944387","volume":"13","author":"L Zeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeng, L., Deng, Y., Yang, K., Chen, J., He, Q., & Chen, H. (2022). Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation for autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, Article 944387.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"24","key":"8883_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7551","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02676-14","volume":"80","author":"H Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Liao, X., Sparks, J. B., & Luo, X. M. (2014). Dynamics of gut microbiota in autoimmune lupus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 80(24), 7551\u20137560.","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"8883_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2020.04.001","volume":"26","author":"X Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Zhao, L.-D., & Li, H. (2020). The gut microbiota: Emerging evidence in autoimmune diseases. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 26(9), 862\u2013873.","journal-title":"Trends in Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"8883_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0395","volume":"28","author":"F Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao, F., Feng, J., Li, J., Zhao, L., Liu, Y., Chen, H., Jin, Y., Zhu, B., & Wei, Y. (2018). Alterations of the gut microbiota in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis patients. Thyroid, 28(2), 175\u2013186.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"8883_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01107-9","volume":"9","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, Z., Ning, J., Bao, X.-Q., Shang, M., Ma, J., Li, G., & Zhang, D. (2021). Fecal microbiota transplantation protects rotenone-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease mice via suppressing inflammation mediated by the lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 signaling pathway through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Microbiome, 9, 1\u201327.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"8883_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304232","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1304232","volume":"14","author":"C Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng, C., Zhong, Y., Xie, J., Wang, Z., Zhang, W., Pi, Y., Zhang, W., Liu, L., Luo, J., & Xu, W. (2023). Bacteroides acidifaciens and its derived extracellular vesicles improve DSS-induced colitis. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1304232.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"30","key":"8883_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10823","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i30.10823","volume":"10","author":"L Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng, L. (2022). New insights into the interplay between intestinal flora and bile acids in inflammatory bowel disease. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 10(30), 10823.","journal-title":"World Journal of Clinical Cases"},{"issue":"8","key":"8883_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700105","volume":"199","author":"L Zheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng, L., Kelly, C. J., Battista, K. D., Schaefer, R., Lanis, J. M., Alexeev, E. E., Wang, R. X., Onyiah, J. C., Kominsky, D. J., & Colgan, S. P. (2017). Microbial-derived butyrate promotes epithelial barrier function through IL-10 receptor\u2013dependent repression of claudin-2. The Journal of Immunology, 199(8), 2976\u20132984.","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"}],"container-title":["NeuroMolecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12017-025-08883-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12017-025-08883-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12017-025-08883-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T16:02:01Z","timestamp":1767196921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12017-025-08883-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"references-count":159,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12017-025-08883-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-1174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-1174","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"65"}}