{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:19:24Z","timestamp":1791850764352,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuromol Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brain energetics rely on a distributed partnership among cell types and fuel sources. Beyond astrocytic glycogen, the brain has limited conventional energy reserves. Emerging evidence broadens this view by positioning myelin and oligodendrocytes as active stabilizers of metabolic homeostasis. They align substrate delivery with demand and directly sustain axonal ATP production. This review highlights current understanding that myelin lipid stores function as a conditional metabolic buffer that can be mobilized when glycolytic supply wanes. Firstly, we outline the protective repertoire of myelin (e.g., adaptive myelination, antioxidant defense, and metabolic coupling) and then summarize myelin lipid metabolism, spanning de novo synthesis and \u03b2-oxidation. We next demonstrate disease contexts marked by energetic failure. Specifically, Alzheimer\u2019s disease exhibits a chronic metabolic downshift, whereas ischemic stroke produces an acute collapse of energy production. Both states may recruit the proposed buffer. However, leveraging lipid-derived fuels is not without risk. Reactive oxygen species, acidosis, and iron handling must be tightly regulated to avoid collateral injury. Finally, we highlight methodological priorities that can resolve mechanism in vivo, including white matter-resolved fluxomics, myelin specific imaging paired with proteo-lipidomics, and lineage-restricted perturbations of \u03b2-oxidation and autophagy. On the translational front, we propose stage specific strategies. In summary, defining when and how to mobilize and supplement myelin lipid reserves could transform a conceptual buffer into a practical lever for disease modification in hypometabolic brain disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-026-08905-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T11:14:05Z","timestamp":1769771645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Myelin Lipid Reserves as a Conditional Metabolic Buffer: Implications for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Peibin","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanguang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1021635826032","volume":"28","author":"S Ando","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ando, S., Tanaka, Y., Toyoda, Y., & Kon, K. (2003). Turnover of myelin lipids in aging brain. Neurochemical Research, 28(1), 5\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1021635826032","journal-title":"Neurochemical Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"8905_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01749-6","volume":"27","author":"E Asadollahi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Asadollahi, E., Trevisiol, A., Saab, A. S., Looser, Z. J., Dibaj, P., Ebrahimi, R., et al. (2024). Oligodendroglial fatty acid metabolism as a central nervous system energy reserve. Nature Neuroscience, 27(10), 1934\u20131944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-024-01749-6","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"8905_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200110000-00001","volume":"21","author":"D Attwell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Attwell, D., & Laughlin, S. B. (2001). An energy budget for signaling in the grey matter of the brain. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 21(10), 1133\u20131145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004647-200110000-00001","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"8905_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1991.tb11435.x","volume":"56","author":"N Auestad","year":"1991","unstructured":"Auestad, N., Korsak, R. A., Morrow, J. W., & Edmond, J. (1991). Fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis by astrocytes in primary culture. Journal of Neurochemistry, 56(4), 1376\u20131386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1991.tb11435.x","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"8905_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.08.27.25334582","author":"J Bae","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bae, J., Joynes, C. M., Gong, Z., Duggan, M. R., Walker, K. A., & Bouhrara, M. (2025). Multi-omics validation of myelin water fraction as a myelin-specific MRI biomarker. medRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.08.27.25334582","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2022.100360","volume":"4","author":"JA Barnes-Velez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barnes-Velez, J. A., Aksoy Yasar, F. B., & Hu, J. (2023). Myelin lipid metabolism and its role in myelination and myelin maintenance. Innovation (Cambridge), 4(1), Article 100360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xinn.2022.100360","journal-title":"Innovation (Cambridge)"},{"issue":"2","key":"8905_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22518","volume":"78","author":"ME Bechler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bechler, M. E., Swire, M., & Ffrench-Constant, C. (2018). Intrinsic and adaptive myelination-A sequential mechanism for smart wiring in the brain. Developmental Neurobiology, 78(2), 68\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dneu.22518","journal-title":"Developmental Neurobiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"8905_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1978.tb06578.x","volume":"31","author":"WD Blaker","year":"1978","unstructured":"Blaker, W. D., & Moscatelli, E. A. (1978). The effect of hibernation on the lipids of brain myelin and microsomes in the Syrian hamster. Journal of Neurochemistry, 31(6), 1513\u20131518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1978.tb06578.x","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"issue":"7937","key":"8905_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05439-w","volume":"611","author":"JW Blanchard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blanchard, J. W., Akay, L. A., Davila-Velderrain, J., von Maydell, D., Mathys, H., Davidson, S. M., et al. (2022). APOE4 impairs myelination via cholesterol dysregulation in oligodendrocytes. Nature, 611(7937), 769\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-05439-w","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8905_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00156","volume":"14","author":"G Bonetto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bonetto, G., Kamen, Y., Evans, K. A., & Karadottir, R. T. (2020). Unraveling myelin plasticity. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 14, Article 156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2020.00156","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"8905_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00148","volume":"14","author":"F Boucanova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boucanova, F., & Chrast, R. (2020). Metabolic interaction between Schwann cells and axons under physiological and disease conditions. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 14, Article 148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2020.00148","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"issue":"12","key":"8905_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20557","volume":"55","author":"AM Brown","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brown, A. M., & Ransom, B. R. (2007). Astrocyte glycogen and brain energy metabolism. Glia, 55(12), 1263\u20131271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.20557","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"4","key":"8905_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06397.x","volume":"111","author":"DA Butterfield","year":"2009","unstructured":"Butterfield, D. A., & Lange, M. L. (2009). Multifunctional roles of enolase in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain: Beyond altered glucose metabolism. Journal of Neurochemistry, 111(4), 915\u2013933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06397.x","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"8905_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002605","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002605","volume":"15","author":"N Camargo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Camargo, N., Goudriaan, A., van Deijk, A. F., Otte, W. M., Brouwers, J. F., Lodder, H., et al. (2017). Oligodendroglial myelination requires astrocyte-derived lipids. PLoS Biology, 15(5), e1002605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002605","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"issue":"12","key":"8905_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13497","volume":"26","author":"D Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, D., Huang, Y., Shi, Z., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, K., et al. (2020). Demyelinating processes in aging and stroke in the central nervous system and the prospect of treatment strategy. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 26(12), 1219\u20131229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.13497","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C12","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00131.2021","volume":"322","author":"CL Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, C. L., Zhang, L., Jin, Z., Kasumov, T., & Chen, Y. R. (2022). Mitochondrial redox regulation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology, 322(1), C12\u2013C23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00131.2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"8905_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202300343","volume":"17","author":"Z Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Li, M., Wu, C., Su, Y., Feng, S., Deng, Q., et al. (2024). Photobiomodulation therapy alleviates repeated closed head injury-induced anxiety-like behaviors. Journal of Biophotonics, 17(2), Article e202300343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbio.202300343","journal-title":"Journal of Biophotonics"},{"issue":"12","key":"8905_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.03.015","volume":"110","author":"XT Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng, X. T., Huang, N., & Sheng, Z. H. (2022). Programming axonal mitochondrial maintenance and bioenergetics in neurodegeneration and regeneration. Neuron, 110(12), 1899\u20131923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.03.015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"8905_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae029","volume":"147","author":"YJ Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng, Y. J., Wang, F., Feng, J., Yu, B., Wang, B., Gao, Q., et al. (2024). Prolonged myelin deficits contribute to neuron loss and functional impairments after ischaemic stroke. Brain, 147(4), 1294\u20131311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awae029","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"8905_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688459","volume":"3","author":"Gh Collins","year":"1964","unstructured":"Collins, Gh., Websterhde, F., & Victor, M. (1964). The ultrastructure of myelin and axonal alterations in sciatic nerves of thiamine deficient and chronically starved rats. Acta Neuropathologica, 3, 511\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00688459","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"issue":"15","key":"8905_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5296","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102146","volume":"11","author":"NMC Connolly","year":"2019","unstructured":"Connolly, N. M. C., Theurey, P., & Pizzo, P. (2019). Glucose dysregulation in pre-clinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Aging (Albany NY), 11(15), 5296\u20135297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.102146","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01380-0","volume":"8","author":"F Danzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Danzi, F., Pacchiana, R., Mafficini, A., Scupoli, M. T., Scarpa, A., Donadelli, M., et al. (2023). To metabolomics and beyond: A technological portfolio to investigate cancer metabolism. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 8(1), Article 137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01380-0","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"8905_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23184","volume":"65","author":"G Della-Flora Nunes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Della-Flora Nunes, G., Mueller, L., Silvestri, N., Patel, M. S., Wrabetz, L., Feltri, M. L., et al. (2017). Acetyl-CoA production from pyruvate is not necessary for preservation of myelin. Glia, 65(10), 1626\u20131639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.23184","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"8905_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00742","volume":"14","author":"BC Farmer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farmer, B. C., Walsh, A. E., Kluemper, J. C., & Johnson, L. A. (2020). Lipid droplets in neurodegenerative disorders. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, Article 742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2020.00742","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"8905_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3434","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.81951","volume":"13","author":"S Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng, S., Wu, C., Zou, P., Deng, Q., Chen, Z., Li, M., et al. (2023). High-intensity interval training ameliorates Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like pathology by regulating astrocyte phenotype-associated AQP4 polarization. Theranostics, 13(10), 3434\u20133450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.81951","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"4","key":"8905_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14678","volume":"52","author":"KE Fifield","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fifield, K. E., & Vanderluit, J. L. (2020). Rapid degeneration of neurons in the penumbra region following a small, focal ischemic stroke. European Journal of Neuroscience, 52(4), 3196\u20133214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.14678","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"8905_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100519","volume":"9","author":"AN Fonteh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fonteh, A. N., Cipolla, M., Chiang, J., Arakaki, X., & Harrington, M. G. (2014). Human cerebrospinal fluid fatty acid levels differ between supernatant fluid and brain-derived nanoparticle fractions, and are altered in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. PLoS ONE, 9(6), Article e100519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0100519","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7399","key":"8905_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11007","volume":"485","author":"U Funfschilling","year":"2012","unstructured":"Funfschilling, U., Supplie, L. M., Mahad, D., Boretius, S., Saab, A. S., Edgar, J., et al. (2012). Glycolytic oligodendrocytes maintain myelin and long-term axonal integrity. Nature, 485(7399), 517\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"8905_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520320022009","volume":"45","author":"GE Gibson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gibson, G. E., Sheu, K. F., Blass, J. P., Baker, A., Carlson, K. C., Harding, B., et al. (1988). Reduced activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes in the brains and peripheral tissues of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Archives of Neurology, 45(8), 836\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520320022009","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"8905_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.11.003","author":"GE Gibson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gibson, G. E., Chen, H. L., Xu, H., Qiu, L., Xu, Z., Denton, T. T., et al. (2012). Deficits in the mitochondrial enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase lead to Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like calcium dysregulation. Neurobiology of Aging. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.11.003","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"key":"8905_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1354.065","volume":"1067","author":"D Harman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harman, D. (2006). Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis: Role of aging. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1067, 454\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1354.065","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"8905_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.05.007","author":"A He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He, A., Chen, X., Tan, M., Chen, Y., Lu, D., Zhang, X., et al. (2020). Acetyl-CoA Derived from Hepatic Peroxisomal beta-Oxidation Inhibits Autophagy and Promotes Steatosis via mTORC1 Activation. Molecular Cell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.05.007","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"8905_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8176","volume":"6","author":"A Herms","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herms, A., Bosch, M., Reddy, B. J., Schieber, N. L., Fajardo, A., Ruperez, C., et al. (2015). AMPK activation promotes lipid droplet dispersion on detyrosinated microtubules to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Nature Communications, 6, Article 7176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms8176","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"10446","key":"8905_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00642-1","volume":"403","author":"NA Hilkens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hilkens, N. A., Casolla, B., Leung, T. W., & de Leeuw, F. E. (2024). Stroke. Lancet, 403(10446), 2820\u20132836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00642-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8905_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.114973","volume":"382","author":"PG Howard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Howard, P. G., Zou, P., Zhang, Y., Huang, F., Tesic, V., Wu, C. Y., et al. (2024). Serum\/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) in neurological disorders: Pain or gain. Experimental Neurology, 382, Article 114973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.114973","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"8905_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106200","volume":"184","author":"S Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, S., Ren, C., Luo, Y., Ding, Y., Ji, X., & Li, S. (2023). New insights into the roles of oligodendrocytes regulation in ischemic stroke recovery. Neurobiology of Disease, 184, Article 106200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106200","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00861-w","volume":"20","author":"Z Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zou, P., Zong, X., & Zhang, Q. (2025). Myelin dysfunction in aging and brain disorders: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Molecular Neurodegeneration, 20(1), Article 69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-025-00861-w","journal-title":"Molecular Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"8905_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.04.001","author":"MS Ioannou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ioannou, M. S., Jackson, J., Sheu, S. H., Chang, C. L., Weigel, A. V., Liu, H., et al. (2019). Neuron-Astrocyte Metabolic Coupling Protects against Activity-Induced Fatty Acid Toxicity. Cell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2019.04.001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"8905_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-01873-x","volume":"28","author":"S Kedia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kedia, S., & Simons, M. (2025). Oligodendrocytes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathophysiology. Nature Neuroscience, 28(3), 446\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-025-01873-x","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2023.10.002","volume":"21","author":"MM Klemmensen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Klemmensen, M. M., Borrowman, S. H., Pearce, C., Pyles, B., & Chandra, B. (2024). Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders. Neurotherapeutics, 21(1), e00292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurot.2023.10.002","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"8905_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179540","author":"V Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Kim, S. H., & Bishayee, K. (2022). Dysfunctional glucose metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease onset and potential pharmacological interventions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23179540","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"8905_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7526135","author":"B Lakhani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lakhani, B., Borich, M. R., Jackson, J. N., Wadden, K. P., Peters, S., Villamayor, A., et al. (2016). Motor skill acquisition promotes human brain myelin plasticity. Neural Plasticity. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/7526135","journal-title":"Neural Plasticity"},{"key":"8905_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06440-3","author":"W Lei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lei, W., Zhuang, H., Huang, W., & Sun, J. (2025). Neuroinflammation and energy metabolism: A dual perspective on ischemic stroke. Journal of Translational Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-025-06440-3","journal-title":"Journal of Translational Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"8905_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.0416","volume":"12","author":"W Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, W., He, T., Shi, R., Song, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, Z., et al. (2021). Oligodendrocyte precursor cells transplantation improves stroke recovery via oligodendrogenesis, neurite growth and synaptogenesis. Aging and Disease, 12(8), 2096\u20132112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14336\/AD.2021.0416","journal-title":"Aging and Disease"},{"key":"8905_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.03.014","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Y., Munoz-Mayorga, D., Nie, Y., Kang, N., Tao, Y., Lagerwall, J., et al. (2024). Microglial lipid droplet accumulation in tauopathy brain is regulated by neuronal AMPK. Cell Metabolism. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.03.014","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"8905_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.30498","author":"JP Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin, J. P., Mironova, Y. A., Shrager, P., & Giger, R. J. (2017). LRP1 regulates peroxisome biogenesis and cholesterol homeostasis in oligodendrocytes and is required for proper CNS myelin development and repair. eLife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.30498","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"5961","key":"8905_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174621","volume":"327","author":"D Lingwood","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lingwood, D., & Simons, K. (2010). Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science, 327(5961), 46\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1174621","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"8905_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.08.024","volume":"26","author":"L Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, L., MacKenzie, K. R., Putluri, N., Maletic-Savatic, M., & Bellen, H. J. (2017). The glia-neuron lactate shuttle and elevated ROS promote lipid synthesis in neurons and lipid droplet accumulation in glia via APOE\/D. Cell Metabolism, 26(5), 719-737 e716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.08.024","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"8905_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115852","author":"MC Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, M. C., Yu, B., Xia, Y., Cheng, Q., Chen, Y., Gao, X., et al. (2025). Choline transporters are required for oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin sheath formation in mouse postnatal brain. Cell Reports. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115852","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"8905_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.04.005","author":"X Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, X., Xin, D. E., Zhong, X., Zhao, C., Li, Z., Zhang, L., et al. (2024). Small-molecule-induced epigenetic rejuvenation promotes SREBP condensation and overcomes barriers to CNS myelin regeneration. Cell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2024.04.005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"8905_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01558-3","volume":"27","author":"ZJ Looser","year":"2024","unstructured":"Looser, Z. J., Faik, Z., Ravotto, L., Zanker, H. S., Jung, R. B., Werner, H. B., et al. (2024). Oligodendrocyte-axon metabolic coupling is mediated by extracellular K(+) and maintains axonal health. Nature Neuroscience, 27(3), 433\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-023-01558-3","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"8905_CR52","unstructured":"Lui, F., Khan Suheb, M. Z., & Patti, L. (2025). Ischemic Stroke. In StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL) ineligible companies. Disclosure: Mahammed Khan Suheb declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Laryssa Patti declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies."},{"key":"8905_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.012","volume":"84","author":"AM Luoma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luoma, A. M., Kuo, F., Cakici, O., Crowther, M. N., Denninger, A. R., Avila, R. L., et al. (2015). Plasmalogen phospholipids protect internodal myelin from oxidative damage. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 84, 296\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.012","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"8905_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2008.10.005","volume":"20","author":"MP Marzolo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marzolo, M. P., & Bu, G. (2009). Lipoprotein receptors and cholesterol in APP trafficking and proteolytic processing, implications for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 20(2), 191\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcdb.2008.10.005","journal-title":"Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology"},{"issue":"21","key":"8905_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20493","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409985200","volume":"280","author":"LD McCullough","year":"2005","unstructured":"McCullough, L. D., Zeng, Z., Li, H., Landree, L. E., McFadden, J., & Ronnett, G. V. (2005). Pharmacological inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase provides neuroprotection in stroke. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280(21), 20493\u201320502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M409985200","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28720-y","volume":"13","author":"M Meschkat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meschkat, M., Steyer, A. M., Weil, M. T., Kusch, K., Jahn, O., Piepkorn, L., et al. (2022). White matter integrity in mice requires continuous myelin synthesis at the inner tongue. Nature Communications, 13(1), Article 1163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-28720-y","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"8","key":"8905_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00835-6","volume":"5","author":"B Morant-Ferrando","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morant-Ferrando, B., Jimenez-Blasco, D., Alonso-Batan, P., Agulla, J., Lapresa, R., Garcia-Rodriguez, D., et al. (2023). Fatty acid oxidation organizes mitochondrial supercomplexes to sustain astrocytic ROS and cognition. Nature Metabolism, 5(8), 1290\u20131302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42255-023-00835-6","journal-title":"Nature Metabolism"},{"issue":"8","key":"8905_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-03104-1","volume":"95","author":"SI Mota","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mota, S. I., Pita, I., Aguas, R., Tagorti, S., Virmani, A., Pereira, F. C., et al. (2021). Mechanistic perspectives on differential mitochondrial-based neuroprotective effects of several carnitine forms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease in vitro model. Archives of Toxicology, 95(8), 2769\u20132784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-021-03104-1","journal-title":"Archives of Toxicology"},{"issue":"4","key":"8905_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.07.009","volume":"95","author":"CW Mount","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mount, C. W., & Monje, M. (2017). Wrapped to adapt: Experience-dependent myelination. Neuron, 95(4), 743\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.07.009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"7","key":"8905_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2021.1875300","volume":"25","author":"J Mu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mu, J., Wang, T., Li, M., Guan, T., Guo, Y., Zhang, X., et al. (2022). Ketogenic diet protects myelin and axons in diffuse axonal injury. Nutritional Neuroscience, 25(7), 1534\u20131547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1028415X.2021.1875300","journal-title":"Nutritional Neuroscience"},{"key":"8905_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.05.019","author":"C Mukherjee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mukherjee, C., Kling, T., Russo, B., Miebach, K., Kess, E., Schifferer, M., et al. (2020). Oligodendrocytes Provide Antioxidant Defense Function for Neurons by Secreting Ferritin Heavy Chain. Cell Metabolism. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.05.019","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"issue":"5","key":"8905_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.10.011","volume":"26","author":"KA Nave","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nave, K. A., Tzvetanova, I. D., & Schirmeier, S. (2017). Glial cell evolution: The origins of a lipid store. Cell Metabolism, 26(5), 701\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.10.011","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2495","volume":"10","author":"A Nishiyama","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nishiyama, A., Komitova, M., Suzuki, R., & Zhu, X. (2009). Polydendrocytes (NG2 cells): Multifunctional cells with lineage plasticity. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 10(1), 9\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2495","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"issue":"12","key":"8905_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.04.006","volume":"11","author":"LT Nordestgaard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nordestgaard, L. T., Tybjaerg-Hansen, A., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Frikke-Schmidt, R. (2015). Loss-of-function mutation in ABCA1 and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and cerebrovascular disease. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia, 11(12), 1430\u20131438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.04.006","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113784","volume":"432","author":"R Owaki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Owaki, R., Aoki, H., Toriuchi, K., Inoue, Y., Hayashi, H., Takeshita, S., et al. (2023). AMPK activators suppress cholesterol accumulation in macrophages via suppression of the mTOR pathway. Experimental Cell Research, 432(1), Article 113784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113784","journal-title":"Experimental Cell Research"},{"key":"8905_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/472459","volume":"2014","author":"A Panov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Panov, A., Orynbayeva, Z., Vavilin, V., & Lyakhovich, V. (2014). Fatty acids in energy metabolism of the central nervous system. BioMed Research International, 2014, Article 472459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/472459","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.91","volume":"11","author":"V Patel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patel, V., Mill, J., Okonkwo, O. C., Salamat, S., Li, L., & Raife, T. (2024). Global energy metabolism deficit in Alzheimer disease brain. Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, 11(1), 171\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14283\/jpad.2023.91","journal-title":"Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease"},{"issue":"9","key":"8905_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3271","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90610","volume":"127","author":"T Philips","year":"2017","unstructured":"Philips, T., & Rothstein, J. D. (2017). Oligodendroglia: Metabolic supporters of neurons. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 127(9), 3271\u20133280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI90610","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"8905_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040812","author":"Y Poitelon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poitelon, Y., Kopec, A. M., & Belin, S. (2020). Myelin fat facts: An overview of lipids and fatty acid metabolism. Cells. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9040812","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108572","volume":"34","author":"G Qi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qi, G., Mi, Y., Shi, X., Gu, H., Brinton, R. D., & Yin, F. (2021a). ApoE4 impairs neuron-astrocyte coupling of fatty acid metabolism. Cell Reports, 34(1), Article 108572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108572","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"8905_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2021.100559","volume":"2","author":"G Qi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qi, G., Mi, Y., & Yin, F. (2021b). Characterizing brain metabolic function ex vivo with acute mouse slice punches. STAR Protocols, 2(2), Article 100559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xpro.2021.100559","journal-title":"STAR Protocols"},{"issue":"6","key":"8905_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2020.02.011","volume":"45","author":"S Radenkovic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Radenkovic, S., Vuckovic, I., & Lanza, I. R. (2020). Metabolic flux analysis: Moving beyond static metabolomics. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 45(6), 545\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibs.2020.02.011","journal-title":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences"},{"key":"8905_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202102136","author":"I Ralhan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ralhan, I., Chang, C. L., Lippincott-Schwartz, J., & Ioannou, M. S. (2021). Lipid droplets in the nervous system. Journal of Cell Biology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.202102136","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"8905_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-025-01244-7","volume":"7","author":"P Ramos-Cabrer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ramos-Cabrer, P., Cabrera-Zubizarreta, A., Padro, D., Matute-Gonzalez, M., Rodriguez-Antiguedad, A., & Matute, C. (2025). Reversible reduction in brain myelin content upon marathon running. Nature Metabolism, 7(4), 697\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42255-025-01244-7","journal-title":"Nature Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"8905_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.004889","volume":"45","author":"NM Robbins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robbins, N. M., & Swanson, R. A. (2014). Opposing effects of glucose on stroke and reperfusion injury: Acidosis, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism. Stroke, 45(6), 1881\u20131886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.004889","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"8905_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5702","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01068-3","volume":"26","author":"WI Ryu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ryu, W. I., Bormann, M. K., Shen, M., Kim, D., Forester, B., Park, Y., et al. (2021). Brain cells derived from Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients have multiple specific innate abnormalities in energy metabolism. Molecular Psychiatry, 26(10), 5702\u20135714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-021-01068-3","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.05.016","volume":"91","author":"AS Saab","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saab, A. S., Tzvetavona, I. D., Trevisiol, A., Baltan, S., Dibaj, P., Kusch, K., et al. (2016). Oligodendroglial NMDA receptors regulate glucose import and axonal energy metabolism. Neuron, 91(1), 119\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.05.016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"8905_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-8622-8_18","volume":"51","author":"G Saher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saher, G., & Simons, M. (2010). Cholesterol and myelin biogenesis. Subcellular Biochemistry, 51, 489\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-90-481-8622-8_18","journal-title":"Subcellular Biochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410373835","volume":"17","author":"G Saher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saher, G., Quintes, S., & Nave, K. A. (2011). Cholesterol: A novel regulatory role in myelin formation. The Neuroscientist, 17(1), 79\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073858410373835","journal-title":"The Neuroscientist"},{"issue":"10","key":"8905_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.128","volume":"33","author":"P Schonfeld","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schonfeld, P., & Reiser, G. (2013). Why does brain metabolism not favor burning of fatty acids to provide energy? Reflections on disadvantages of the use of free fatty acids as fuel for brain. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 33(10), 1493\u20131499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.128","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"8905_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2017.01.005","volume":"27","author":"ZH Sheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheng, Z. H. (2017). The interplay of axonal energy homeostasis and mitochondrial trafficking and anchoring. Trends in Cell Biology, 27(6), 403\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcb.2017.01.005","journal-title":"Trends in Cell Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"8905_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00528-6","volume":"4","author":"B Silva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva, B., Mantha, O. L., Schor, J., Pascual, A., Placais, P. Y., Pavlowsky, A., et al. (2022). Glia fuel neurons with locally synthesized ketone bodies to sustain memory under starvation. Nature Metabolism, 4(2), 213\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42255-022-00528-6","journal-title":"Nature Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"8905_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201404154","volume":"206","author":"M Simons","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simons, M., Misgeld, T., & Kerschensteiner, M. (2014). A unified cell biological perspective on axon-myelin injury. The Journal of Cell Biology, 206(3), 335\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.201404154","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00212.x","volume":"9","author":"KJ Smith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smith, K. J., Kapoor, R., & Felts, P. A. (1999). Demyelination: The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Brain Pathology, 9(1), 69\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00212.x","journal-title":"Brain Pathology"},{"issue":"10","key":"8905_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-03802-0","volume":"78","author":"J Spaas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spaas, J., van Veggel, L., Schepers, M., Tiane, A., van Horssen, J., Wilson, D. M., 3rd., et al. (2021). Oxidative stress and impaired oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation in neurological disorders. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 78(10), 4615\u20134637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-021-03802-0","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"8905_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24533","volume":"72","author":"E Spate","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spate, E., Zhou, B., Sun, T., Kusch, K., Asadollahi, E., Siems, S. B., et al. (2024). Downregulated expression of lactate dehydrogenase in adult oligodendrocytes and its implication for the transfer of glycolysis products to axons. Glia, 72(8), 1374\u20131391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.24533","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"5","key":"8905_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.17992\/lbl.2014.05.543","volume":"100","author":"OA Sveinsson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sveinsson, O. A., Kjartansson, O., & Valdimarsson, E. M. (2014). Cerebral ischemia\/infarction - Epidemiology, causes and symptoms. L\u00e6knabla\u00f0i\u00f0, 100(5), 271\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17992\/lbl.2014.05.543","journal-title":"L\u00e6knabla\u00f0i\u00f0"},{"issue":"10","key":"8905_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200107200-00025","volume":"12","author":"K Tanaka","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tanaka, K., Nogawa, S., Ito, D., Suzuki, S., Dembo, T., Kosakai, A., et al. (2001). Activation of NG2-positive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells during post-ischemic reperfusion in the rat brain. NeuroReport, 12(10), 2169\u20132174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001756-200107200-00025","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"8905_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20241232","author":"V Tiwari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tiwari, V., & Simons, M. (2025). Lipid metabolism and neuroinflammation: What is the link? Journal of Experimental Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20241232","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"8905_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.10.011","volume":"34","author":"E Traiffort","year":"2013","unstructured":"Traiffort, E., O\u2019Regan, S., & Ruat, M. (2013). The choline transporter-like family SLC44: Properties and roles in human diseases. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 34(2\u20133), 646\u2013654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2012.10.011","journal-title":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"8905_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/s1388-1981(02)00342-6","volume":"1585","author":"RH Unger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Unger, R. H., & Orci, L. (2002). Lipoapoptosis: Its mechanism and its diseases. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta, 1585(2\u20133), 202\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1388-1981(02)00342-6","journal-title":"Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta"},{"issue":"19","key":"8905_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1116203","volume":"17","author":"MH Verheijen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Verheijen, M. H., Chrast, R., Burrola, P., & Lemke, G. (2003). Local regulation of fat metabolism in peripheral nerves. Genes & Development, 17(19), 2450\u20132464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gad.1116203","journal-title":"Genes & Development"},{"issue":"12","key":"8905_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.313027","volume":"16","author":"M Villa Gonzalez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Villa Gonzalez, M., & Perez-Alvarez, M. J. (2021). A 3R-Tau-mediated mechanism in oligodendrocytes: Could it be the key for neuroprotection after stroke? Neural Regeneration Research, 16(12), 2401\u20132402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.313027","journal-title":"Neural Regeneration Research"},{"key":"8905_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-2206-9","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, L., Geng, J., Qu, M., Yuan, F., Wang, Y., Pan, J., et al. (2020). Oligodendrocyte precursor cells transplantation protects blood\u2013brain barrier in a mouse model of brain ischemia via Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling. Cell Death & Disease. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-019-2206-9","journal-title":"Cell Death & Disease"},{"issue":"29","key":"8905_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6586","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1034-18.2018","volume":"38","author":"MT Weil","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weil, M. T., Heibeck, S., Topperwien, M., Tom Dieck, S., Ruhwedel, T., Salditt, T., et al. (2018). Axonal ensheathment in the nervous system of lamprey: Implications for the evolution of myelinating glia. The Journal of Neuroscience, 38(29), 6586\u20136596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1034-18.2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"8905_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22456","volume":"61","author":"HB Werner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Werner, H. B., Kramer-Albers, E. M., Strenzke, N., Saher, G., Tenzer, S., Ohno-Iwashita, Y., et al. (2013). A critical role for the cholesterol-associated proteolipids PLP and M6B in myelination of the central nervous system. Glia, 61(4), 567\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.22456","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3109\/10408369309084665","volume":"30","author":"KA Williams","year":"1993","unstructured":"Williams, K. A., & Deber, C. M. (1993). The structure and function of central nervous system myelin. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 30(1), 29\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10408369309084665","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"8905_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-03175-w","volume":"60","author":"C Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, C., Zou, P., Feng, S., Zhu, L., Li, F., Liu, T. C., et al. (2023). Molecular hydrogen: An emerging therapeutic medical gas for brain disorders. Molecular Neurobiology, 60(4), 1749\u20131765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-022-03175-w","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"8905_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231224508","volume":"44","author":"CY Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, C. Y., Zhang, Y., Xu, L., Huang, Z., Zou, P., Clemons, G. A., et al. (2024). The role of serum\/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 in brain function following cerebral ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 44(7), 1145\u20131162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X231224508","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"8905_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003650","volume":"57","author":"C Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu, C., Zou, P., Zhu, L., Feng, S., Deng, Q., Liu, T. C., et al. (2025). Treadmill exercise mitigates Alzheimer\u2019s pathology by modulating glial polarization and reducing oligodendrocyte precursor cell perivascular clustering. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 57(6), 1148\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003650","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"8905_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.11.027","author":"Z Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, Z., He, K., Chen, Y., Li, H., Pan, S., Li, B., et al. (2022). A sensitive GRAB sensor for detecting extracellular ATP in vitro and in vivo. Neuron. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.11.027","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"8017","key":"8905_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07525-7","volume":"630","author":"B Yalcin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yalcin, B., Pomrenze, M. B., Malacon, K., Drexler, R., Rogers, A. E., Shamardani, K., et al. (2024). Myelin plasticity in the ventral tegmental area is required for opioid reward. Nature, 630(8017), 677\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-07525-7","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8905_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2016.05.003","volume":"199","author":"ST Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang, S. T., Kreutzberger, A. J. B., Lee, J., Kiessling, V., & Tamm, L. K. (2016). The role of cholesterol in membrane fusion. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 199, 136\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2016.05.003","journal-title":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids"},{"issue":"8","key":"8905_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.05.002","volume":"34","author":"LG Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, L. G., March, Z. M., Stephenson, R. A., & Narayan, P. S. (2023). Apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative disease. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 34(8), 430\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2023.05.002","journal-title":"Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"8905_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16344","volume":"290","author":"F Yin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yin, F. (2023). Lipid metabolism and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Clinical evidence, mechanistic link and therapeutic promise. FEBS Journal, 290(6), 1420\u20131453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/febs.16344","journal-title":"FEBS Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"8905_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2478\/jtim-2022-0024","volume":"10","author":"L Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu, L., Jin, J., Xu, Y., & Zhu, X. (2022). Aberrant energy metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Journal of Translational Internal Medicine, 10(3), 197\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/jtim-2022-0024","journal-title":"Journal of Translational Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12800-8","volume":"272","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan, Y., Zhao, G., & Zhao, Y. (2024). Dysregulation of energy metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Journal of Neurology, 272(1), 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12800-8","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"8905_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00385-7","volume":"12","author":"P Zou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zou, P., Wu, C., Liu, T. C., Duan, R., & Yang, L. (2023). Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: From physiology to pathology. Translational Neurodegeneration, 12(1), Article 52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-023-00385-7","journal-title":"Translational Neurodegeneration"}],"container-title":["NeuroMolecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12017-026-08905-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12017-026-08905-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12017-026-08905-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:24:27Z","timestamp":1781630667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12017-026-08905-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12017-026-08905-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-1174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-1174","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"7"}}