{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T04:58:14Z","timestamp":1783486694496,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,31]],"date-time":"2015-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endocrine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0836-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,31]],"date-time":"2015-12-31T04:30:53Z","timestamp":1451536253000},"page":"597-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Oral l-thyroxine liquid versus tablet in patients with hypothyroidism without malabsorption: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Poupak","family":"Fallahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Martina","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"836_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0205","volume":"22","author":"JR Garber","year":"2012","unstructured":"J.R. Garber, R.H. Cobin, H. Gharib, J.V. Hennessey, I. Klein, J.I. Mechanick, R. Pessah-Pollack, P.A. Singer, K.A. Woeber, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Thyroid Association Taskforce on Hypothyroidism in Adults, Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 22, 1200\u20131235 (2012)","journal-title":"Thyroid."},{"key":"836_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.016","volume":"14","author":"A Antonelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"A. Antonelli, S.M. Ferrari, A. Corrado, A. Di Domenicantonio, P. Fallahi, Autoimmune thyroid disorders. Autoimmun. Rev. 14, 174\u2013180 (2015)","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"836_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1995.5.249","volume":"5","author":"S Benvenga","year":"1995","unstructured":"S. Benvenga, L. Bartolone, S. Squadrito, F. Lo Giudice, F. Trimarchi, Delayed intestinal absorption of levothyroxine. Thyroid. 5, 249\u2013253 (1995)","journal-title":"Thyroid."},{"key":"836_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043903","volume":"354","author":"M Centanni","year":"2006","unstructured":"M. Centanni, L. Gargano, G. Canettieri, N. Viceconti, A. Franchi, G. Delle Fave, B. Annibale, Thyroxine in goiter, Helicobacter pylori infection, and chronic gastritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 1787\u20131795 (2006)","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"836_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1544","volume":"93","author":"S Checchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"S. Checchi, A. Montanaro, L. Pasqui, C. Ciuoli, V. De Palo, M.C. Chiappetta, F. Pacini, l-thyroxine requirement in patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism and parietal cell antibodies. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 465\u2013469 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"836_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000003","volume":"20","author":"S Benvenga","year":"2013","unstructured":"S. Benvenga, When thyroid hormone replacement is ineffective? Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes. 20, 467\u2013477 (2013)","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"836_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.17925\/EE.2013.09.01.40","volume":"9","author":"P Colucci","year":"2013","unstructured":"P. Colucci, C. Seng Yue, M. Ducharme, S. Benvenga, A review of the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine for the treatment of hypothyroidism. Eur. Endocrinol. 9, 40\u201347 (2013)","journal-title":"Eur. Endocrinol."},{"key":"836_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.1635","volume":"20","author":"G Barbesino","year":"2010","unstructured":"G. Barbesino, Drugs affecting thyroid function. Thyroid. 20, 763\u2013770 (2010)","journal-title":"Thyroid."},{"key":"836_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.006","volume":"23","author":"L Liwanpo","year":"2009","unstructured":"L. Liwanpo, J.M. Hershman, Conditions and drugs interfering with thyroxine absorption. Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 23, 781\u2013792 (2009)","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"836_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9814-9","volume":"43","author":"M Centanni","year":"2013","unstructured":"M. Centanni, Thyroxine treatment: absorption, malabsorption, and novel therapeutic approaches. Endocrine 43, 8\u20139 (2013)","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"836_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0476-7","volume":"49","author":"MG Santaguida","year":"2015","unstructured":"M.G. Santaguida, C. Virili, S.C. Del Duca, M. Cellini, I. Gatto, N. Brusca, C. De Vito, L. Gargano, M. Centanni, Thyroxine softgel capsule in patients with gastric-related T4 malabsorption. Endocrine 49, 51\u201357 (2015)","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"836_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1454","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1217","volume":"99","author":"M Cellini","year":"2014","unstructured":"M. Cellini, M.G. Santaguida, I. Gatto, C. Virili, S.C. Del Duca, N. Brusca, S. Capriello, L. Gargano, M. Centanni, Systematic appraisal of lactose intolerance as cause of increased need for oral thyroxine. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, E1454\u20131458 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"836_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E419","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1851","volume":"97","author":"C Virili","year":"2012","unstructured":"C. Virili, G. Bassotti, M.G. Santaguida, R. Iuorio, S.C. Del Duca, V. Mercuri, A. Picarelli, P. Gargiulo, L. Gargano, M. Centanni, Atypical celiac disease as cause of increased need for thyroxine: a systematic study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, E419\u2013E422 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"836_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-013-1015-y","volume":"23","author":"I Pirola","year":"2013","unstructured":"I. Pirola, A.M. Formenti, E. Gandossi, F. Mittempergher, C. Casella, B. Agosti, C. Cappelli, Oral liquid l-thyroxine (l-T4) may be better absorbed compared to l-T4 tablets following bariatric surgery. Obes. Surg. 23, 1493\u20131496 (2013)","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"836_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0222","volume":"18","author":"S Benvenga","year":"2008","unstructured":"S. Benvenga, L. Bartolone, M.A. Pappalardo, A. Russo, D. Lapa, G. Giorgianni, G. Saraceno, F. Trimarchi, Altered intestinal absorption of l-thyroxine caused by coffee. Thyroid. 18, 293\u2013301 (2008)","journal-title":"Thyroid."},{"key":"836_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9772-2","volume":"43","author":"R Vita","year":"2013","unstructured":"R. Vita, G. Saraceno, F. Trimarchi, S. Benvenga, A novel formulation of l-thyroxine (l-T4) reduces the problem of l-T4 malabsorption by coffee observed with traditional tablet formulations. Endocrine 43, 154\u2013160 (2013)","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"836_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2014.918101","volume":"11","author":"R Vita","year":"2014","unstructured":"R. Vita, P. Fallahi, A. Antonelli, S. Benvenga, The administration of l-thyroxine as soft gel capsule or liquid solution. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 11, 1103\u20131111 (2014)","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"836_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Cassio, S. Monti, A. Rizzello, I. Bettocchi, F. Baronio, G. D\u2019Addabbo, M.O. Bal, A. Balsamo, Comparison between liquid and tablet formulations of levothyroxine in the initial treatment of congenital hypothyroidism. J. Pediatr. 162, 1264\u20131269, 1269.e1\u20132 (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.11.070"},{"key":"836_CR19","first-page":"332","volume":"65","author":"M Giusti","year":"2015","unstructured":"M. Giusti, L. Mortara, N. Machello, E. Monti, G. Pera, M. Marenzana, Utility of a liquid formulation of levo-thyroxine in differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Drug. Res. (Stuttg) 65, 332\u2013336 (2015)","journal-title":"Drug. Res. (Stuttg)"},{"key":"836_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-014-0082-9","volume":"37","author":"I Pirola","year":"2014","unstructured":"I. Pirola, L. Daffini, E. Gandossi, D. Lombardi, A. Formenti, M. Castellano, C. Cappelli, Comparison between liquid and tablet levothyroxine formulations in patients treated through enteral feeding tube. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 37, 583\u2013587 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"836_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00181.2013","volume":"46","author":"KM Harper","year":"2014","unstructured":"K.M. Harper, E. Tunc-Ozcan, E.N. Graf, E.E. Redei, Intergenerational effects of prenatal ethanol on glucose tolerance and insulin response. Physiol. Genomics 46, 159\u2013168 (2014)","journal-title":"Physiol. Genomics"},{"key":"836_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000356047","volume":"81","author":"E Peroni","year":"2014","unstructured":"E. Peroni, M.C. Vigone, S. Mora, L.A. Bassi, C. Pozzi, A. Passoni, G. Weber, Congenital hypothyroidism treatment in infants: a comparative study between liquid and tablet formulations of levothyroxine. Horm. Res. Paediatr. 81, 50\u201354 (2014)","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"key":"836_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.4158\/EP13418.OR","volume":"20","author":"D Brancato","year":"2014","unstructured":"D. Brancato, A. Scorsone, G. Saura, L. Ferrara, A. Di Noto, V. Aiello, M. Fleres, V. Provenzano, Comparison of TSH levels with liquid formulation versus tablet formulations of levothyroxine in the treatment of adult hypothyroidism. Endocr. Pract. 20, 657\u2013662 (2014)","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"836_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.4158\/EP13378.OR","volume":"20","author":"R Negro","year":"2014","unstructured":"R. Negro, R. Valcavi, D. Agrimi, K.A. Toulis, Levothyroxine liquid solution versus tablet for replacement treatment in hypothyroid patients. Endocr. Pract. 20, 901\u2013906 (2014)","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"836_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0110","volume":"19","author":"DS Cooper","year":"2009","unstructured":"American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guidelines Taskforce on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, D.S. Cooper, G.M. Doherty, B.R. Haugen, R.T. Kloos, S.L. Lee, S.J. Mandel, E.L. Mazzaferri, B. McIver, F. Pacini, M. Schlumberger, S.I. Sherman, D.L. Steward, R.M. Tuttle, Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 19, 1167\u20131214 (2009)","journal-title":"Thyroid."},{"key":"836_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00614.x","volume":"11","author":"R Padwal","year":"2010","unstructured":"R. Padwal, D. Brocks, A.M. Sharma, A systematic review of drug absorption following bariatric surgery and its theoretical implications. Obes. Rev. 11, 41\u201350 (2010)","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"836_CR27","unstructured":"Saraceno, G., Vita, R., Trimarchi, F., Benvenga, S.: A liquid formulation of l-thyroxine (l-T4) solves problems of incomplete normalization\/suppression of serum TSH caused by proton pump inhibitors (PPI) on conventional tablet formulations of l-T4. in Presented at European Society of Endocrinology ICE\/ECE, Florence, IT, 2012, p. 1626 (Abstract 29)"},{"key":"836_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200443140-00006","volume":"43","author":"I Walter-Sack","year":"2004","unstructured":"I. Walter-Sack, C. Clanget, R. Ding, C. Goeggelmann, V. Hinke, M. Lang, J. Pfeilschifter, Y. Tayrouz, K. Wegscheider, Assessment of levothyroxine sodium bioavailability: recommendations for an improved methodology based on the pooled analysis of eight identically designed trials with 396 drug exposures. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 43, 1037\u20131053 (2004)","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"836_CR29","first-page":"680","volume":"54","author":"R Koytchev","year":"2004","unstructured":"R. Koytchev, R. Lauschner, Bioequivalence study of levothyroxine tablets compared to reference tablets and an oral solution. Arzneimittelforschung 54, 680\u2013684 (2004)","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"836_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03191122","volume":"31","author":"N Yannovits","year":"2006","unstructured":"N. Yannovits, E. Zintzaras, A. Pouli, G. Koukoulis, S. Lyberi, E. Savari, S. Potamianos, F. Triposkiadis, I. Stefanidis, E. Zartaloudis, A. Benakis, A bioequivalence study of levothyroxine tablets versus an oral levothyroxine solution in healthy volunteers. Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 31, 73\u201378 (2006)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"836_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1329951","volume":"62","author":"CS Yue","year":"2012","unstructured":"C.S. Yue, C. Scarsi, M.P. Ducharme, Pharmacokinetics and potential advantages of a new oral solution of levothyroxine vs. other available dosage forms. Arzneimittelforschung 62, 631\u2013636 (2012)","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"836_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200241090-00003","volume":"41","author":"H Zhang","year":"2002","unstructured":"H. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.B. Streisand, Oral mucosal drug delivery: clinical pharmacokinetics and therapeutic applications. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 41, 661\u2013680 (2002)","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."}],"container-title":["Endocrine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-015-0836-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12020-015-0836-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-015-0836-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T02:52:14Z","timestamp":1567479134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12020-015-0836-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,31]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-015-0836-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-008X","1559-0100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-008X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0100","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,31]]}}}