{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:35:56Z","timestamp":1789763756496,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endocrine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-01946-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T20:47:18Z","timestamp":1557262038000},"page":"616-622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Death by unnatural causes, mainly suicide, is increased in patients with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. A nationwide Danish register study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Heiberg Brix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Ferl\u00f8v-Schwensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Thvilum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Heged\u00fcs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1946_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1969.01740130050004","volume":"20","author":"PC Whybrow","year":"1969","unstructured":"P.C. Whybrow, A.J. Prange Jr., C.R. Treadway, Mental changes accompanying thyroid gland dysfunction. A reappraisal using objective psychological measurement. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 20, 48\u201363 (1969)","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1946_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01774.x","volume":"20","author":"M Bauer","year":"2008","unstructured":"M. Bauer, T. Goetz, T. Glenn, P.C. Whybrow, The thyroid-brain interaction in thyroid disorders and mood disorders. J. Neuroendocrinol. 20, 1101\u20131114 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"1946_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2017.05.005","volume":"106","author":"M Noda","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Noda, Thyroid hormone in the CNS: contribution of neuron-glia interaction. Vitam. Horm. 106, 313\u2013331 (2018)","journal-title":"Vitam. Horm."},{"key":"1946_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0481","volume":"171","author":"A Carle","year":"2014","unstructured":"A. Carle, I.B. Pedersen, N. Knudsen, H. Perrild, L. Ovesen, P. Laurberg, Hypothyroid symptoms and the likelihood of overt thyroid failure: a population-based case-control study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 171, 593\u2013602 (2014)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1946_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2006.01593.x","volume":"60","author":"R Mocellin","year":"2006","unstructured":"R. Mocellin, D.I. Lubman, J. Lloyd, E.B. Tomlinson, D. Velakoulis, Reversible dementia with psychosis: Hashimoto\u2019s encephalopathy. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 60, 761\u2013763 (2006)","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"1946_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02124","volume":"154","author":"T Watt","year":"2006","unstructured":"T. Watt, M. Groenvold, A.K. Rasmussen, S.J. Bonnema, L. Heged\u00fcs, J.B. Bjorner, U. Feldt-Rasmussen, Quality of life in patients with benign thyroid disorders. A review. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 154, 501\u2013510 (2006)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1946_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0681","volume":"28","author":"SJ Peterson","year":"2018","unstructured":"S.J. Peterson, A.R. Cappola, M.R. Castro, C.M. Dayan, A.P. Farwell, J.V. Hennesey, P.A. Kopp, D.S. Ross, M.H. Samuels, A.M. Sawka, P.N. Taylor, J. Jonklaas, A.C. Bianco, An online survey of hypothyroid patients demonstrates prominent dissatisfaction. Thyroid 28, 707\u2013721 (2018)","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"1946_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156925","volume":"11","author":"KH Winther","year":"2016","unstructured":"K.H. Winther, P. Cramon, T. Watt, J.B. Bjorner, O. Ekholm, U. Feldt-Rasmussen, M. Groenvold, \u00c5.K. Rasmussen, L. Heged\u00fcs, S.J. Bonnema, Disease-specific as well as generic quality of life is widely impacted in autoimmune hypothyroidism and improves during the first six months of levothyroxine therapy. PLoS ONE 11, e0156925 (2016)","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1946_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3184","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4468","volume":"99","author":"MA Nexo","year":"2014","unstructured":"M.A. Nexo, T. Watt, J. Pedersen, S.J. Bonnema, L. Heged\u00fcs, A.K. Rasmussen, U. Feldt-Rasmussen, J.B. Bjorner, Increased risk of long-term sickness absence, lower rate of return to work, and higher risk of unemployment and disability pensioning for thyroid patients: A Danish Register-Based Cohort Study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, 3184\u20133192 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1946_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1407","volume":"99","author":"M Thvilum","year":"2014","unstructured":"M. Thvilum, F. Brandt, T.H. Brix, L. Heged\u00fcs, Hypothyroidism is a predictor of disability pension and loss of labor market income: a Danish register-based study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, 3129\u20133135 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1946_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.700","volume":"15","author":"AF Thomsen","year":"2005","unstructured":"A.F. Thomsen, T.K. Kvist, P.K. Andersen, L.V. Kessing, Increased risk of developing affective disorder in patients with hypothyroidism: a register-based study. Thyroid 15, 700\u2013707 (2005)","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"1946_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0555","volume":"24","author":"M Thvilum","year":"2014","unstructured":"M. Thvilum, F. Brandt, D. Almind, K. Christensen, T.H. Brix, L. Heged\u00fcs, Increased psychiatric morbidity before and after the diagnosis of hypothyroidism: a nationwide register study. Thyroid 24, 802\u2013808 (2014)","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"1946_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.01250.x","volume":"106","author":"A Engum","year":"2002","unstructured":"A. Engum, T. Bjoro, A. Mykletun, A.A. Dahl, An association between depression, anxiety and thyroid function--a clinical fact or an artefact? Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 106, 27\u201334 (2002)","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"1946_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075789","volume":"8","author":"M Thvilum","year":"2013","unstructured":"M. Thvilum, F. Brandt, D. Almind, K. Christensen, T.H. Brix, L. Heged\u00fcs, Type and extent of somatic morbidity before and after the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. a nationwide register study. PLoS ONE 8, e75789 (2013)","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1946_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3375","volume":"98","author":"M Thvilum","year":"2013","unstructured":"M. Thvilum, F. Brandt, D. Almind, K. Christensen, L. Heged\u00fcs, T.H. Brix, Excess mortality in patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism: a nationwide cohort study of singletons and twins. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98, 1069\u20131075 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1946_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0517","volume":"28","author":"M Lillevang-Johansen","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Lillevang-Johansen, B. Abrahamsen, H.L. Jorgensen, T.H. Brix, L. Heged\u00fcs, Over- and under-treatment of hypothyroidism is associated with excess mortality: a register-based cohort study. Thyroid 28, 566\u2013574 (2018)","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"1946_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0365","volume":"27","author":"C Ferlov-Schwensen","year":"2017","unstructured":"C. Ferlov-Schwensen, T.H. Brix, L. Heged\u00fcs, Death by Suicide in Graves\u2019 Disease and Graves\u2019 Orbitopathy: A Nationwide Danish Register Study. Thyroid 27, 1475\u20131480 (2017)","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"1946_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R169","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0952","volume":"177","author":"B Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"B. Wang, X. An, X. Shi, J.A. Zhang, Management of endocrine disease: suicide risk in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 177, R169\u2013R181 (2017)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1946_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13029","volume":"23","author":"P Brenner","year":"2016","unstructured":"P. Brenner, S. Burkill, J. Jokinen, J. Hillert, S. Bahmanyar, S. Montgomery, Multiple sclerosis and risk of attempted and completed suicide - a cohort study. Eur. J. Neurol. 23, 1329\u20131336 (2016)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"1946_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0063","volume":"27","author":"NMY Journy","year":"2017","unstructured":"N.M.Y. Journy, M.O. Bernier, M.M. Doody, B.H. Alexander, M.S. Linet, C.M. Kitahara, Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and cause-specific mortality in a large cohort of women. Thyroid 27, 1001\u20131010 (2017)","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"1946_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810387965","volume":"39","author":"CB Pedersen","year":"2011","unstructured":"C.B. Pedersen, The Danish Civil Registration System. Scand. J. Public Health 39(7 Suppl), 22\u201325 (2011)","journal-title":"Scand. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"1946_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811401482","volume":"39","author":"E Lynge","year":"2011","unstructured":"E. Lynge, J.L. Sandegaard, M. Rebolj, The Danish National Patient Register. Scand. J. Public Health 39(7 Suppl), 30\u201333 (2011)","journal-title":"Scand. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"1946_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394717","volume":"39","author":"HW Kildemoes","year":"2011","unstructured":"H.W. Kildemoes, H.T. Sorensen, J. Hallas, The Danish National Prescription Registry. Scand. J. Public Health 39(7 Suppl), 38\u201341 (2011)","journal-title":"Scand. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"1946_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811399958","volume":"39","author":"K Helweg-Larsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"K. Helweg-Larsen, The Danish Register of Causes of Death. Scand. J. Public Health 39(7 Suppl), 26\u201329 (2011)","journal-title":"Scand. J. Public Health"},{"key":"1946_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","volume":"40","author":"ME Charlson","year":"1987","unstructured":"M.E. Charlson, P. Pompei, K.L. Ales, C.R. MacKenzie, A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J. Chronic Dis. 40, 373\u2013383 (1987)","journal-title":"J. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"1946_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.504688","volume":"39","author":"J Tang","year":"2008","unstructured":"J. Tang, J.Y. Wan, J.E. Bailey, Performance of comorbidity measures to predict stroke and death in a community-dwelling, hypertensive Medicaid population. Stroke 39, 1938\u20131944 (2008)","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"1946_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000331224","volume":"84","author":"P Almagro","year":"2012","unstructured":"P. Almagro, M. Salvado, C. Garcia-Vidal, M. Rodr\u00edguez-Carballeira, E. Cuchi, J. Torres, J.L. Heredia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and mortality after hospital admission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 84, 36\u201343 (2012)","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"1946_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192311","volume":"13","author":"M Thvilum","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Thvilum, F. Brandt, T.H. Brix, L. Heged\u00fcs, No evidence of a causal relationship between hypothyroidism and glaucoma: A Danish nationwide register-based cohort study. PLoS ONE 13, e0192311 (2018)","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1946_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055176","volume":"8","author":"M Nordentoft","year":"2013","unstructured":"M. Nordentoft, K. Wahlbeck, J. H\u00e4llgren, J. Westman, U. Osby, H. Alinaghizadeh, M. Gissler, T.M. Laursen, Excess mortality, causes of death and life expectancy in 270,770 patients with recent onset of mental disorders in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. PLoS ONE 8, e55176 (2013)","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1946_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-12-11","volume":"12","author":"C Bj\u00f6rkenstam","year":"2014","unstructured":"C. Bj\u00f6rkenstam, L. Johansson, P. Nordstr\u00f6m, I. Thiblin, A. Fugelstad, J. Hallqvist, R. Ljung, Suicide or undetermined intent? A register-based study of signs of misclassification. Pop. Health Metr. 12, 11 (2014)","journal-title":"Pop. Health Metr."},{"key":"1946_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21298","volume":"16","author":"JL Gradus","year":"2010","unstructured":"J.L. Gradus, P. Qin, A.K. Lincoln, M. Miller, E. Lawler, H.T. S\u00f8rensen, T.L. Lash, Inflammatory bowel disease and completed suicide in Danish adults. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 16, 2158\u20132161 (2010)","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"1946_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.5.661","volume":"160","author":"TH Brix","year":"2000","unstructured":"T.H. Brix, P.S. Hansen, K.O. Kyvik, L. Heged\u00fcs, Cigarette smoking and risk of clinically overt thyroid disease: a population-based twin case-control study. Arch. Intern. Med. 160, 661\u2013666 (2000)","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"1946_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(88)90100-X","volume":"37","author":"L Heged\u00fcs","year":"1988","unstructured":"L. Heged\u00fcs, N. Rasmussen, V. Ravn, J. Kastrup, K. Krogsgaard, J. Aldershvile, Independent effects of liver disease and chronic alcoholism on thyroid function and size: the possibility of a toxic effect of alcohol on the thyroid gland. Metabolism 37, 229\u2013233 (1988)","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"1946_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07455","volume":"455","author":"V Krishnan","year":"2008","unstructured":"V. Krishnan, E.J. Nestler, The molecular neurobiology of depression. Nature 455, 894\u2013902 (2008)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1946_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.1111","volume":"70","author":"ME Benros","year":"2013","unstructured":"M.E. Benros, B.L. Waltoft, M. Nordentoft, S.D. Ostergaard, W.W. Eaton, J. Krogh, P.B. Mortensen, Autoimmune diseases and severe infections as risk factors for mood disorders: a nationwide study. JAMA Psychiatry 70, 812\u2013820 (2013)","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1946_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.06.019","volume":"221","author":"M Barbuti","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. Barbuti, A.F. Carvalho, C.A. Kohler, A. Murru, N. Verdolini, G. Guiso, L. Samalin, M. Maes, B. Stubbs, G. Perugi, E. Vieta, I. Pacchiarotti, Thyroid autoimmunity in bipolar disorder: a systematic review. J. Affect Disord. 221, 97\u2013106 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"1946_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.03.008","volume":"41","author":"T Leyhe","year":"2014","unstructured":"T. Leyhe, K. Mussig, Cognitive and affective dysfunctions in autoimmune thyroiditis. Brain Behav. Immun. 41, 261\u2013266 (2014)","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"1946_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.01.015","volume":"42","author":"EM Quinque","year":"2014","unstructured":"E.M. Quinque, S. Karger, K. Arelin, M.L. Schroeter, J. Kratzsch, A. Villringer, Structural and functional MRI study of the brain, cognition and mood in long-term adequately treated Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 42, 188\u2013198 (2014)","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"1946_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01894","volume":"152","author":"AF Thomsen","year":"2005","unstructured":"A.F. Thomsen, T.K. Kvist, P.K. Andersen, L.V. Kessing, Increased risk of affective disorder following hospitalisation with hyperthyroidism - a register based study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 152, 535\u2013543 (2005)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1946_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02068","volume":"154","author":"A Carle","year":"2006","unstructured":"A. Carle, P. Laurberg, I.B. Pedersen et al. Epidemiology of subtypes of hypothyroidism in Denmark. EurJ Endocrinol. 154, 21\u201328 (2006)","journal-title":"EurJ Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Endocrine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-019-01946-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12020-019-01946-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-019-01946-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T23:30:59Z","timestamp":1588721459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12020-019-01946-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-019-01946-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-008X","1559-0100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-008X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0100","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 February 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}