{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:56:31Z","timestamp":1786982191056,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endocrine"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-022-03121-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T02:09:44Z","timestamp":1656468584000},"page":"546-555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Endocrine manifestations of paediatric intracranial germ cell tumours: from diagnosis to long-term follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3714-6508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Partenope","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Pozzobon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ved Bhushan","family":"Arya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Carceller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assunta","family":"Albanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"3121_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. Gittleman, G. Cioffi, T. Vecchione-Koval, Q.T. Ostrom, C. Kruchko, D.S. Osorio, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of germ cell tumors of the central nervous system diagnosed in the United States from 2006 to 2015. J Neurooncol (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-019-03173-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-019-03173-4"},{"key":"3121_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. Takami, K. Fukuoka, S. Fukushima, T. Nakamura, A. Mukasa, N. Saito, et al. Integrated clinical, histopathological, and molecular data analysis of 190 central nervous system germ cell tumors from the iGCT Consortium. Neuro Oncol (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noz139","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz139"},{"key":"3121_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Y. Narita, S. Shibui, Trends and outcomes in the treatment of gliomas based on data during 2001\u20132004 from the brain tumor registry of Japan. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2176\/nmc.ra.2014-0348","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2014-0348"},{"key":"3121_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D.N. Louis, H. Ohgaki, O.D. Wiestler, W.K. Cavenee, P.C. Burger, A. Jouvet, et al. The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-007-0243-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0243-4"},{"key":"3121_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. Ogino, Y. Shibamoto, T. Takanaka, K. Suzuki, S.I. Ishihara, T. Yamada, et al. CNS germinoma with elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin level: Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.10.026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.10.026"},{"key":"3121_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khatua S., Fangusaro J., Dhall G., Boyett J., Wu S., Bartels U. GC-17THE CHILDREN\u2019S ONCOLOGY GROUP (COG) CURRENT TREATMENT APPROACH FOR CHILDREN WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) LOCALIZED GERMINOMA (ACNS1123 STRATUM 2). Neuro Oncol (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/now072.17","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now072.17"},{"key":"3121_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Fangusaro, S. Wu, S. MacDonald, E. Murphy, D. Shaw, U. Bartels, et al. Phase II trial of response-based radiation therapy for patients with localized CNS nongerminomatous germ cell tumors: A children\u2019s oncology group study. J Clin Oncol (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.19.00701","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00701"},{"key":"3121_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G. Calaminus, R. Kortmann, J. Worch, J.C. Nicholson, C. Alapetite, M.L. Garr\u00e8, et al. SIOP CNS GCT 96: Final report of outcome of a prospective, multinational nonrandomized trial for children and adults with intracranial germinoma, comparing craniospinal irradiation alone with chemotherapy followed by focal primary site irradiation for pat. Neuro Oncol (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/not019","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not019"},{"key":"3121_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G. Calaminus, D. Frappaz, R.D. Kortmann, B. Krefeld, F. Saran, T. Pietsch, et al. Outcome of patients with intracranial non-germinomatous germ cell tumors - Lessons from the SIOP-CNS-GCT-96 trial. Neuro Oncol (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/nox122","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nox122"},{"key":"3121_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Y. Sawamura, J. Ikeda, H. Shirato, M. Tada, H. Abe, Germ cell tumours of the central nervous system: treatment consideration based on 111 cases and their long-term clinical outcomes. Eur J Cancer (1998). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0959-8049(97)10045-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(97)10045-4"},{"key":"3121_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Matsutani, K. Sano, K. Takakura, T. Fujimaki, O. Nakamura, N. Funata, et al. Primary intracranial germ cell tumors: a clinical analysis of 153 histologically verified cases. J Neurosurg (1997). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1997.86.3.0446","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.86.3.0446"},{"key":"3121_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J.P. Kilday, S. Laughlin, S. Urbach, E. Bouffet, U. Bartels, Diabetes insipidus in pediatric germinomas of the suprasellar region: characteristic features and significance of the pituitary bright spot. J Neurooncol (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-014-1619-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-014-1619-7"},{"key":"3121_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R.V. Sethi, R. Marino, A. Niemierko, N.J. Tarbell, T.I. Yock, MacDonald S.M. Delayed diagnosis in children with intracranial germ cell tumors. J Pediatr (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.06.024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.06.024"},{"key":"3121_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G.T. Armstrong, Q. Liu, Y. Yasui, J.P. Neglia, W. Leisenring, L.L. Robison, et al. Late mortality among 5-year survivors of childhood cancer: A summary from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2008.21.1425","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.21.1425"},{"key":"3121_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Cheng, J.P. Kilday, N. Laperriere, L. Janzen, J. Drake, E. Bouffet, et al. Outcomes of children with central nervous system germinoma treated with multi-agent chemotherapy followed by reduced radiation. J Neurooncol (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-015-2029-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-2029-1"},{"key":"3121_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Takada, N. Ii, M. Hirayama, H. Toyoda, T. Matsubara, Y. Toyomasu, et al. Long-term follow-up of intensive chemotherapy followed by reduced-dose and reduced-field irradiation for intracranial germ cell tumor. J Neurosurg Pediatr (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.9.PEDS18181","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.9.PEDS18181"},{"key":"3121_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K. Odagiri, M. Omura, M. Hata, N. Aida, T. Niwa, I. Ogino, et al. Treatment outcomes, growth height, and neuroendocrine functions in patients with intracranial germ cell tumors treated with chemoradiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.12.084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.12.084"},{"key":"3121_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"W. Chemaitilly, Z. Li, S. Huang, K.K. Ness, K.L. Clark, D.M. Green, et al. Anterior hypopituitarism in adult survivors of childhood cancers treated with cranial radiotherapy: A report from the st jude lifetime cohort study. J Clin Oncol (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2014.56.7933","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.56.7933"},{"key":"3121_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"W. Chemaitilly, C.A. Sklar Childhood cancer treatments and associated endocrine late effects: a concise guide for the pediatric endocrinologist. Horm Res Paediatr (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000493943","DOI":"10.1159\/000493943"},{"key":"3121_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. Balmaceda, G. Heller, M. Rosenblum, B. Diez, J.G. Villablanca, S. Kellie, et al. Chemotherapy without irradiation - A novel approach for newly diagnosed CNS germ cell tumors: Results of an international cooperative trial. J Clin Oncol (1996). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.11.2908","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.11.2908"},{"key":"3121_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J.C. Buckner, P.P. Peethambaram, W.A. Smithson, R.V. Groover, P.J. Schomberg, D.W. Kimmel, et al. Phase II trial of primary chemotherapy followed by reduced-dose radiation for CNS germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol (1999) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.1999.17.3.933","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.1999.17.3.933"},{"key":"3121_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Hayden, M.J. Murray, U. Bartels, T. Ajithkumar, B. Muthusamy, A. Penn, et al. Symptom interval and treatment burden for patients with malignant central nervous system germ cell tumours. Arch Dis Child (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2019-317245","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-317245"},{"key":"3121_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M.R. Fetell, B.M. Stein, Neuroendocrine aspects of pineal tumors. Neurol Clin (1986). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0733-8619(18)30953-8","DOI":"10.1016\/s0733-8619(18)30953-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"3121_CR24","first-page":"259","volume":"60","author":"IJ Lin","year":"1997","unstructured":"I.J. Lin, S.G. Shu, H.Y. Chu, C.S. Chi, Primary intracranial germ-cell tumor in children. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 60(5), 259\u2013264 (1997)","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei)"},{"key":"3121_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J.I. Kitay, Pineal lesions and precocious puberty: A review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1954). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-14-6-622","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-14-6-622"},{"key":"3121_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K. Nogueira, B. Liberman, F. Rodrigues Pimentel-Filho, J. Goldman, M.E.R. Silva, J.O. Vieira, et al. hCG-secreting pineal teratoma causing precocious puberty: Report of two patients and review of the literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/JPEM.2002.15.8.1195","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2002.15.8.1195"},{"key":"3121_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G.A. Hale, N.M. Marina, D. Jones-Wallace, C.A. Greenwald, J.J. Jenkins, B.N. Rao, et al. Late effects of treatment for germ cell tumors during childhood and adolescence. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol (1999). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00043426-199903000-00007","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-199903000-00007"},{"key":"3121_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Scoccianti, B. Detti, D. Gadda, D. Greto, I. Furfaro, F. Meacci, et al. Organs at risk in the brain and their dose-constraints in adults and in children: A radiation oncologist\u2019s guide for delineation in everyday practice. Radiother Oncol (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.01.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.01.016"},{"key":"3121_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J.C. Marsh, B.T. Gielda, A.M. Herskovic, R.A. Abrams, Cognitive sparing during the administration of whole brain radiotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation: Current concepts and approaches. J Oncol (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2010\/198208","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/198208"},{"key":"3121_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H.W.C. Leung, A.L.F. Chan, M.B. Chang, Brain dose-sparing radiotherapy techniques for localized intracranial germinoma: Case report and literature review of modern irradiation. Cancer\/Radiotherapie (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canrad.2016.02.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2016.02.007"},{"key":"3121_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L. Kahalley, M.F. Okcu, M.D. Ris, D. Grosshans, A. Paulino, M.M. Chintagumpala, et al. IQ change within three years of radiation therapy in pediatric brain tumor patients treated with proton beam radiation therapy versus photon radiation therapy. J Clin Oncol (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.10009","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.10009"},{"key":"3121_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C.A. Sklar, Z. Antal, W. Chemaitilly, L.E. Cohen, C. Follin, L.R. Meacham, et al. Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary and growth disorders in survivors of childhood cancer: An endocrine society* clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2018-01175","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01175"},{"key":"3121_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K. Chiba, Y. Aihara, T. Kawamata, Clinical experience of growth hormone replacement for pediatric intracranial germ cell tumor. Child\u2019s Nerv Syst (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-020-04549-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-020-04549-y"},{"key":"3121_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Edate, A. Albanese, Management of electrolyte and fluid disorders after brain surgery for pituitary\/suprasellar tumours. Horm Res Paediatr (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000370065","DOI":"10.1159\/000370065"},{"key":"3121_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Kumanogoh, S. Kasayama, H. Kouhara, M. Koga, N. Arita, T. Hayakawa, T. Kishimoto, B. Sato, Effects of therapy on anterior pituitary functions in patients with primary intracranial germ cell tumor. Endocr J (1994). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1507\/endocrj.41.287","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.41.287"},{"key":"3121_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A.R. Cohen, J.A. Wilson, A. Sadeghi-Nejad, Gonadotropin-secreting pineal teratoma causing precocious puberty. Neurosurgery (1991). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/00006123-199104000-00021","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199104000-00021"},{"key":"3121_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C.A. Sklar, F.A. Conte, S.L. Kaplan, M.M. Grumbach, Human chorionic gonadotropin-secreting pineal tumors relation to pathogenesis and sex limitation of sexual precocity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1981). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-53-3-656","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-53-3-656"},{"issue":"2","key":"3121_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1159\/000496564","volume":"91","author":"MJ Abuzzahab","year":"2019","unstructured":"M.J. Abuzzahab, C.L. Roth, A.H. Shoemaker, Hypothalamic obesity: prologue and promise. Horm. Res Paediatr. 91(2), 128\u2013136 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000496564","journal-title":"Horm. Res Paediatr."},{"key":"3121_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M.J. Murray, S. Bailey, K. Heinemann, J. Mann, U.K. G\u00f6bel, F. Saran, et al. Treatment and outcomes of UK and German patients with relapsed intracranial germ cell tumors following uniform first-line therapy. Int J Cancer (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.30755","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30755"}],"container-title":["Endocrine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-022-03121-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12020-022-03121-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-022-03121-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T11:32:08Z","timestamp":1660735928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12020-022-03121-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-022-03121-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0100","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. F.C. is partly funded by the Giant Pledge via the Royal Marsden Cancer Charity. The Paediatric Neuro-Oncology and Drug Development Units receive charitable funding from the Hall-Hunter Foundation via the Royal Marsden Cancer Charity.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the local institutional Ethics Committees and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}