{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:53:23Z","timestamp":1761710003626,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 12090020","No. 12090020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 12090020","No. 12090020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. LY20H180001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LY20H180001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endocrine"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-022-03269-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T07:03:26Z","timestamp":1670051006000},"page":"93-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Clinical evaluation of malignancy diagnosis of rare thyroid carcinomas by an artificial intelligent automatic diagnosis system"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenliang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangkai","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiyuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2654-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dexing","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"3269_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1507622","volume":"373","author":"HS Ahn","year":"2015","unstructured":"H.S. Ahn, H.G. Welch, South Korea\u2019s thyroid cancer \u201cEpidemic\u201d-Turning the tide. N. Engl. J. Med. 373, 2389\u20132390 (2015)","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"3269_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","volume":"68","author":"F Bray","year":"2018","unstructured":"F. Bray, J. Ferlay, I. Soerjomataram, R.L. Siegel, L.A. Torre, A. Jemal, Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 68, 394\u2013424 (2018)","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"13","key":"3269_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.2719","volume":"317","author":"H Lim","year":"2017","unstructured":"H. Lim, S.S. Devesa, J.A. Sosa, D. Check, C.M. Kitahara, Trends in thyroid cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, 1974-2013. JAMA 317(13), 1338\u20131348 (2017)","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3269_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0020","volume":"26","author":"BR Haugen","year":"2016","unstructured":"B.R. Haugen, E.K. Alexander, K.C. Bible et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 26, 1\u2013133 (2016)","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"3269_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.133","volume":"24","author":"M Sobrinho-Simoes","year":"2011","unstructured":"M. Sobrinho-Simoes, C. Eloy, J. Magalhaes, C. Lobo, T. Amaro, Follicular thyroid carcinoma. Mod. Pathol. 24, S10\u2013S18 (2011)","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"3269_CR6","volume-title":"WHO classification of tumours of endocrine organs 4th","author":"RV Lloyd","year":"2017","unstructured":"R.V. Lloyd, R.Y. Osamura, G. Kloppel, J. Rosai. WHO classification of tumours of endocrine organs 4th. (IARC Press, Lyon), 2017)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3269_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1622-4","volume":"62","author":"MG Chiofalo","year":"2018","unstructured":"M.G. Chiofalo, R. D\u2019Anna, F. Di Gennaro, S.V. Setola, V. Marotta, Great veins invasion in follicular thyroid cancer: single-centre study assessing prevalence and clinical outcome. Endocrine 62(1), 71\u201375 (2018)","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"6","key":"3269_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0335","volume":"25","author":"SA Wells Jr","year":"2015","unstructured":"S.A. Wells Jr, S.L. Asa, H. Dralle et al. Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 25(6), 567\u2013610 (2015)","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"3269_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.11.006","volume":"48","author":"D Viola","year":"2019","unstructured":"D. Viola, R. Elisei, Management of medullary thyroid cancern. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 48, 285\u2013301 (2019)","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"3269_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1428","volume":"98","author":"SS Aleskow","year":"2013","unstructured":"S.S. Aleskow, W. Leonard, Primary thyroid lymphoma: a clinical review. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98, 3131\u20133138 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"3269_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000478927","volume":"6","author":"G Russ","year":"2017","unstructured":"G. Russ, S.J. Bonnema, M.F. Erdogan, C. Durante, R. Ngu, L. Leenhardt, European Thyroid Association Guidelines for ultrasound malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules in adults: the EU-TIRADS. Eur. Thyroid J. 6, 225\u2013237 (2017)","journal-title":"Eur. Thyroid J."},{"key":"3269_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2017.01.046","volume":"14","author":"FN Tessler","year":"2017","unstructured":"F.N. Tessler, W.D. Middleton, E.G. Grant et al. ACR thyroid imaging, reporting and data system (TI-RADS): white paper of the ACR TIRADS Committee. J. Am. Coll. Radio. 14, 587\u2013595 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Radio."},{"issue":"15","key":"3269_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13153785","volume":"13","author":"V Marotta","year":"2021","unstructured":"V. Marotta, M. Bifulco, M. Vitale, Significance of RAS mutations in thyroid benign nodules and non-medullary thyroid cancer. Cancers 13(15), 3785 (2021)","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"2","key":"3269_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-9994-y","volume":"45","author":"A Guerra","year":"2014","unstructured":"A. Guerra, V. Di Stasi, P. Zeppa, A. Faggiano, V. Marotta, M. Vitale, BRAF (V600E) assessment by pyrosequencing in fine needle aspirates of thyroid nodules with concurrent Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis is a reliable assay. Endocrine 45(2), 249\u2013255 (2014)","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"4","key":"3269_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1517\/17530059.2011.575058","volume":"5","author":"V Marotta","year":"2011","unstructured":"V. Marotta, M.R. Sapio, A. Guerra, M. Vitale, BRAF mutation in cytology samples as a diagnostic tool for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Expert Opin. Med Diagn. 5(4), 277\u2013290 (2011)","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Med Diagn."},{"key":"3269_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33128-3_1","volume":"1213","author":"HP Chan","year":"2020","unstructured":"H.P. Chan, R.K. Samala, L.M. Hadjiiski, C. Zhou, Deep learning in medical image analysis. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1213, 3\u201321 (2020)","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"3269_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2018.01.028","volume":"15","author":"T Syeda-Mahmood","year":"2018","unstructured":"T. Syeda-Mahmood, Role of big data and machine learning in diagnostic decision support in radiology. J. Am. Coll. Radio. 15, 569\u2013576 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Radio."},{"key":"3269_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2016.09.011","volume":"73","author":"J Ma","year":"2017","unstructured":"J. Ma, F. Wu, T. Jiang, J. Zhu, D. Xu, D. Kong, A pre-trained convolutional neural network based method for thyroid nodule diagnosis. Ultrasonics 73, 221\u2013230 (2017)","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"3269_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e918452","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.918452","volume":"26","author":"Z Jin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Z. Jin, Y. Zhu, S. Zhang et al. Ultrasound computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) based on the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid nodules and the diagnostic performance of radiologists with different diagnostic experience. Med Sci. Monit. 26, e918452 (2020)","journal-title":"Med Sci. Monit."},{"key":"3269_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2019.06.004","volume":"16","author":"Z Akkus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Z. Akkus, J. Cai, A. Boonrod, A. Zeinoddini, B. Erickson, A survey of deep-learning applications in ultrasound: artificial intelligence-powered ultrasound for improving clinical workflow. J. Am. Coll. Radiol. 16, 1318\u20131328 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Radiol."},{"key":"3269_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2015.07.011","volume":"12","author":"FN Tessler","year":"2015","unstructured":"F.N. Tessler, W.D. Middleton, E.G. Grant et al. ACR thyroid imaging, reporting and data system (TI-RADS): White paper of the ACR TI-RADS Committee. J Am Coll Radiol 2017 paper of the ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) Committee. J. Am. Coll. Radio. 12, 1272\u20131279 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Radio."},{"key":"3269_CR22","first-page":"6105","volume":"97","author":"M Tan","year":"2019","unstructured":"M. Tan, Q.V. Le, Efficientnet: rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn. 97, 6105\u20136114 (2019)","journal-title":"Int. Conf. Mach. Learn."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P. Foret, A. Kleiner, H. Mobahi, B. Neyshabur, Sharpness-aware minimization for efficiently improving generalization. In International conference on learning representations https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2010.01412 (2021)","key":"3269_CR23","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2010.01412"},{"issue":"4","key":"3269_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(21)00041-8","volume":"3","author":"P Sui","year":"2021","unstructured":"P. Sui et al. Deep learning-based artificial intelligence model to assist thyroid nodule diagnosis and management: a multicentre diagnostic study. Lancet Digit Health 3(4), e250\u2013e259 (2021)","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"3269_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7936","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-07884-z","volume":"31","author":"W Mai","year":"2021","unstructured":"W. Mai, M. Zhou, J. Li, W. Yi, S. Li, Y. Hu et al. The value of the Demetics ultrasound-assisted diagnosis system in the differential diagnosis of benign from malignant thyroid nodules and analysis of the influencing factors. Eur. Radio. 31(10), 7936\u20137944 (2021)","journal-title":"Eur. Radio."}],"container-title":["Endocrine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-022-03269-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12020-022-03269-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-022-03269-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T11:34:33Z","timestamp":1680089673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12020-022-03269-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-022-03269-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0100"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-0100"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was waived by the local Ethics Committee of Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences in view of the retrospective nature of the study and all involved ultrasound image reviews being performed were part of the clinical routine.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient representative.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that the patient representative provided informed consent for publication of the images in Figs.  and .","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}]}}