{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:10:42Z","timestamp":1793049042355,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endocrine"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-023-03670-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T13:02:17Z","timestamp":1703941337000},"page":"842-851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Global prevalence of hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus \u2013 a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Aakanksha","family":"Pitliya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6998-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srivatsa Surya","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanshika","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizba Basheer","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjana","family":"Nethagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anmol","family":"Pitliya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"3670_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.9.1414","volume":"21","author":"H King","year":"1998","unstructured":"H. King, R.E. Aubert, W.H. Herman, Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 21(9), 1414\u20131431 (1998).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"3670_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.M.M. Gommers, J.G.J. Hoenderop, R.J.M. Bindels, J.H.F. De Baaij, Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes: A vicious circle? Diabetes [Internet]. 65(1), 3\u201313 (2023). https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article\/65\/1\/3\/34908\/Hypomagnesemia-in-Type-2-Diabetes-A-Vicious-Circle.","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1028"},{"issue":"1","key":"3670_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2006.05.007","volume":"458","author":"M Barbagallo","year":"2007","unstructured":"M. Barbagallo, L.J. Dominguez, Magnesium metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 458(1), 40\u201347 (2007).","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"10","key":"3670_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v2.i10.488","volume":"2","author":"G Liamis","year":"2014","unstructured":"G. Liamis, E. Liberopoulos, F. Barkas, M. Elisaf, Diabetes mellitus and electrolyte disorders. World J. Clin. Cases 2(10), 488\u2013496 (2014).","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Cases"},{"issue":"18","key":"3670_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.18.2151","volume":"159","author":"WHL Kao","year":"2023","unstructured":"W.H.L. Kao, A.R. Folsom, F.J. Nieto, J.P. Mo, R.L. Watson, F.L. Brancati, Serum and dietary magnesium and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Arch. Intern. Med. [Internet] 159(18), 2151 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.159.18.2151.","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med. [Internet]"},{"key":"3670_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.C.T. Pham, P.M.T. Pham, S.V. Pham, J.M. Miller, P.T.T. Pham, Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. [Internet] 2(2), 366\u2013373 (2023). https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01277230-200703000-00033.","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02960906"},{"key":"3670_CR7","unstructured":"G.A. Wells, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada. University of Ottawa, Room A 3227 (2011): 451."},{"key":"3670_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R. Suurmond, H. Van Rhee, T. Hak, Introduction, comparison, and validation of Meta\u2010Essentials: A free and simple tool for meta\u2010analysis. Res. Synth. Methods [Internet] 8(4), 537\u2013553 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.1260. Available from https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/.","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1260"},{"key":"3670_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Dasgupta, D. Sarma, U.K. Saikia, Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab. [Internet] 16(6), 1000 (2023). https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/indjem\/fulltext\/2012\/16060\/hypomagnesemia_in_type_2_diabetes_mellitus.24.aspx.","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.103020"},{"key":"3670_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.B. Nayyar, H.S. Brar, S. Kukreja, K. Kaur, Study of serum magnesium level in type 2 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy. Int J Adv Med [Internet]. 2019 Jul 24 [cited 6(4), 1145\u20131150 (2023). https:\/\/www.ijmedicine.com\/index.php\/ijam\/article\/view\/1466.","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3933.ijam20193262"},{"key":"3670_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Kumar, S. Bhargava, P.K. Agarwal, A. Garg, A. Khosla. Association of serum magnesium with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy. J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care [Internet]. 2019 May [cited 8(5), 1671\u20131677 (2023). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6559114\/.","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_83_19"},{"key":"3670_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Dwipayana, M.R. Saraswati, W. Gotera, A.A.G. Budhiarta, K. Suastika, S. Malik, et al. Hypomagnesemia is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in native Balinese. Fam. Med. Community Health [Internet]. 2013 Mar 1 [cited 2023 Sep 18];1(1). Available from: https:\/\/fmch.bmj.com\/content\/1\/1\/14.","DOI":"10.15212\/FMCH.2013.0102"},{"key":"3670_CR13","first-page":"97","volume":"43","author":"R Sangroula","year":"2022","unstructured":"R. Sangroula, Fasting serum magnesium level and its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications. J. Inst. Med. Nepal 43, 97\u2013101 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Inst. Med. Nepal"},{"key":"3670_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Azeez, O. Sonuga, Hypomagnesemia as a cardiometabolic risk marker in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Implications for Sub-Saharan Africa. Ann. Clin. Cardiol. [Internet]. 2021 [cited 3(1), 29 (2023). http:\/\/www.onlineacc.org\/text.asp?2021\/3\/1\/29\/317104.","DOI":"10.4103\/ACCJ.ACCJ_5_21"},{"key":"3670_CR15","first-page":"30","volume":"ume 2","author":"T Adebayo","year":"2022","unstructured":"T. Adebayo, A. Ajayi, S. Shoyinka, F. Oyetunji, A. Ajetunmobi, O. Olaniyan, Assessment of magnesium n type II diabetes mellitus and its correlation to glycated haemoglobin. Life Sci. ume 2, 30\u201336 (2022).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"3670_CR16","first-page":"226","volume":"31","author":"MM Noor","year":"2019","unstructured":"M.M. Noor, Q. Nazir, T.M. Khan, S. Gillani, M.A. Abbasi, A. Rauf et al. Association between low serum magnesium level and type 2 diabetes mellitus in abbottabad. J. Ayub. Med. Coll. Abbottabad. 31(2), 226\u2013229 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Ayub. Med. Coll. Abbottabad."},{"key":"3670_CR17","unstructured":"M.U. Siddiqui, I. Ali, M. Zakariya, S.P. Asghar, M.R. Ahmed, G.H. Ibrahim. FREQUENCY OF HYPOMAGNESEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH UNCONTROLLED TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS: Hypomagnesemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pak. Armed Forces Med. J. [Internet]. 2016 Dec 31 [cited 66(6), 845\u2013850 (2023). https:\/\/pafmj.org\/index.php\/PAFMJ\/article\/view\/1025."},{"key":"3670_CR18","first-page":"146","volume":"13","author":"M Hasan","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. Hasan, S. Sultan, S. Ashfaq, S. Irfan, Hypomagnesemia in type II diabetes mellitus patients; an experience from a tertiary care center. Ann. PIMS 13, 146\u2013150 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. PIMS"},{"key":"3670_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Alswat, Type 2 diabetes control and complications and their relation to serum magnesium level. Arch Med Sci AMS [Internet]. 2021 Mar 18 [cited 18(2), 307\u2013313 (2023). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8924817\/.","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/102443"},{"key":"3670_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Rao, D.R. Vanamali. Serum magnesium levels in type 2 diabetes. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016 Jan 1;","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20160682"},{"key":"3670_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_190_16","volume":"21","author":"O Odusan","year":"2017","unstructured":"O. Odusan, O. Familoni, A. Odewabi, A. Idowu, A. Adekolade, Patterns and correlates of serum magnesium levels in subsets of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Nigeria. Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab. 21, 439 (2017).","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"3670_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Paladiya, A. Pitliya, A. Choudhry, D. Kumar, S. Ismail, A. Mohammed, et al. Association of low magnesium level with duration and severity of type 2 diabetes. Cureus. 2021 May 27;13.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.15279"},{"key":"3670_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamarshih M, Hamshari S, Nazzal Z, Snobar F, Mletat R, Abu-Mazen O, et al. Hypomagnesemia and Poor Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism [Internet]. 2022;26(6). Available from: https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/indjem\/fulltext\/2022\/11000\/hypomagnesemia_and_poor_glycemic_control_among.12.aspx.","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_213_22"},{"key":"3670_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Lecube, J.A. Baena-Fustegueras, J.M. Fort, D. Pelegr\u00ed, C. Hern\u00e1ndez, R. Sim\u00f3. Diabetes is the main factor accounting for hypomagnesemia in obese subjects. PLOS ONE [Internet]. 2012 Jan 24 [cited 7(1), e30599 (2023). https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0030599.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030599"},{"key":"3670_CR25","unstructured":"D.S.S. Antin, D.M. Kashinkunti, D.A.V. Kataria, D. Dhananjaya, D.S. Alevoor. A cross sectional study of fasting serum magnesium levels in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relation to diabetic complications. In 2014. Available from: https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/A-Cross-Sectional-Study-of-Fasting-Serum-Magnesium-Antin-Kashinkunti\/20bac9323008517456c34af67fc9a1bf08003bba."},{"issue":"1","key":"3670_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02116-3","volume":"67","author":"F Waanders","year":"2020","unstructured":"F. Waanders, R.P.F. Dullaart, M.J. Vos, S.H. Hendriks, H. van Goor, H.J.G. Bilo et al. Hypomagnesaemia and its determinants in a contemporary primary care cohort of persons with type 2 diabetes. Endocrine 67(1), 80\u201386 (2020).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"3670_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2023.01.035","volume":"54","author":"E Kocyigit","year":"2023","unstructured":"E. Kocyigit, M. Akturk, E. Koksal, Relationships between serum and dietary magnesium, calcium, and metabolic parameters in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin. Nutr. ESPEN 54, 304\u2013310 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN"},{"issue":"4","key":"3670_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S199","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-198812040-00059","volume":"6","author":"LM Resnick","year":"1988","unstructured":"L.M. Resnick, R.K. Gupta, H. Gruenspan, J.H. Laragh, Intracellular free magnesium in hypertension: relation to peripheral insulin resistance. J. Hypertens. Suppl. J. Int Soc. Hypertens. 6(4), S199\u2013S201 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Hypertens. Suppl. J. Int Soc. Hypertens."},{"issue":"3","key":"3670_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70224-8","volume":"136","author":"F Liao","year":"1998","unstructured":"F. Liao, A.R. Folsom, F.L. Brancati, Is low magnesium concentration a risk factor for coronary heart disease? The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am. Heart J. 136(3), 480\u2013490 (1998).","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"issue":"11","key":"3670_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.27.11.1075","volume":"27","author":"P McNair","year":"1978","unstructured":"P. McNair, C. Christiansen, S. Madsbad, E. Lauritzen, O. Faber, C. Binder et al. Hypomagnesemia, a risk factor in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 27(11), 1075\u20131077 (1978).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"3670_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.134","volume":"27","author":"R Lopez-Ridaura","year":"2004","unstructured":"R. Lopez-Ridaura, W.C. Willett, E.B. Rimm, S. Liu, M.J. Stampfer, J.E. Manson et al. Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women. Diabetes Care 27(1), 134\u2013140 (2004).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"3670_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.59","volume":"27","author":"Y Song","year":"2004","unstructured":"Y. Song, J.E. Manson, J.E. Buring, S. Liu, Dietary magnesium intake in relation to plasma insulin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care 27(1), 59\u201365 (2004).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"3670_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1014","volume":"29","author":"RM van Dam","year":"2006","unstructured":"R.M. van Dam, F.B. Hu, L. Rosenberg, S. Krishnan, J.R. Palmer, Dietary calcium and magnesium, major food sources, and risk of type 2 diabetes in U.S. black women. Diabetes Care 29(10), 2238\u20132243 (2006).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"3670_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1989.tb04407.x","volume":"67","author":"A Hatwal","year":"1989","unstructured":"A. Hatwal, A.S. Gujral, R.P. Bhatia, J.K. Agrawal, H.S. Bajpai, Association of hypomagnesemia with diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. (Copenh) 67(6), 714\u2013716 (1989).","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol. (Copenh)"},{"key":"3670_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F.J. Rodriguez, A.L. Folpe, C. Giannini, A. Perry, athology of peripheral nerve sheath tumors: diagnostic overview and update on selected diagnostic problems. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) [Internet]. 2012 Mar [cited 123(3), 295\u2013319 (2023). http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00401-012-0954-z.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-0954-z"}],"container-title":["Endocrine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-023-03670-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12020-023-03670-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-023-03670-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T07:27:41Z","timestamp":1719386861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12020-023-03670-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3670"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-023-03670-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0100","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This systematic review is based on published data from literature and therefore does not involve active patient participation in the design, conduct, report or dissemination plans of the research. Therefore, it does not need ethical approval or consent for participation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}