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Maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), height, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, parity, educational and smoking status, and AAM were recorded. The results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pregnant women with GDM experienced earlier menarche compared to normoglycemic women (12.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 vs 13.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively). The OR for a woman with AAM &lt;12 years to develop GDM was 1.08 (95% CI 1.03\u20131.14), while the OR to be obese was 1.70 (95% CI 1.50\u20131.90). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AAM is a risk factor for GDM. However, that effect was lost after adjusting for BMI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Early AAM may be associated with an increased risk of GDM. Therefore, it can be used to identify high-risk women and implement preconception interventions for GDM prevention. Future studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03776-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T08:03:05Z","timestamp":1710748985000},"page":"1222-1227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Early age at menarche and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Angelopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0811-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kleoniki I.","family":"Athanasiadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Zairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Zapanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Vasileiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0651-1376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavroula A.","family":"Paschou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Anastasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"3776_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109050","volume":"183","author":"H Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"H. 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