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To this regard, this study aimed to assess serum levels of miRNA-29a (miR-29a) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF\u03b21) in HT patients with different patterns of thyroid function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 29 HT patients, with a median age of 52 years (21\u201368) were included. Of these, 13 had normal thyroid function (Eu-HT); 8 had non-treated hypothyroidism (Hypo-HT); 8 had hypothyroidism on replacement therapy with LT4 (subst-HT). All patients had serum miR-29a assayed through qRT-PCR and serum TGF\u03b21 assayed by ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum miR-29a levels were significantly down-regulated in patients with Hypo-HT compared to Eu-HT patients (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and subst-HT patients (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). A significant negative correlation was detected between serum miR-29a levels and TSH levels (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.60, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Serum TGF\u03b21 levels were significantly higher in Hypo-HT than both Eu-HT (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and subst-HT patients (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). A negative correlation was observed between serum miR-29a and TGF\u03b21 (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.75, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, Hypo-HT patients had lower levels of serum miR-29a and higher levels of TGF\u03b21 in comparison with Eu-HT patients. Worthy of note, subst-HT patients showed restored serum miR-29a levels compared with Hypo-HT group, associated with lower serum TGF\u03b21. These novel findings may suggest a possible impact of replacement therapy with levothyroxine on serum miR-29a levels in HT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03965-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T06:01:56Z","timestamp":1721282516000},"page":"1090-1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Thyroid dysfunction in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis: a pilot study on the putative role of miR-29a and TGF\u03b21"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9813-5955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Consiglia","family":"Trotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8993-2071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaela","family":"Carotenuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"di Fraia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5680-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia Digitale","family":"Selvaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Allosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2011-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2473-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Accardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9606-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Alfano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6899-0595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5674-635X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Pasquali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3965_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.17458\/per.vol17.2020.gsl.geneticenvironmentalhashimoto","volume":"17","author":"M Sur","year":"2020","unstructured":"M. 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