{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:13:15Z","timestamp":1757617995778,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endocrine"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-025-04256-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T07:32:00Z","timestamp":1747207920000},"page":"578-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency in relation to different phenotypes of prediabetes: a population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanhu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qunyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"4256_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S002","volume":"46","author":"NA ElSayed","year":"2023","unstructured":"N.A. ElSayed, G. Aleppo, V.R. Aroda, R.R. Bannuru, F.M. Brown, D. Bruemmer et al., 2.Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes\u20132023. Diabetes Care 46, S19\u2013S40 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc23-S002.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"4256_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-S062","volume":"33","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2010","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association, Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 33, S62\u2013S69 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc10-S062.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"4256_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1443-3","volume":"52","author":"K Faerch","year":"2009","unstructured":"K. Faerch, K. Borch-Johnsen, J.J. Holst, A. Vaag, Pathophysiology and aetiology of impaired glucose tolerance: does it matter for treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologica 52, 1714\u20131723 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-009-1443-3.","journal-title":"Diabetologica"},{"key":"4256_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD012661","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012661.pub2","volume":"10","author":"B Richter","year":"2018","unstructured":"B. Richter, B. Hemmingsen, M.I. Metzendorf, Y. Takwoingi, Development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with intermediate hyperglycaemia. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 10, CD012661 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD012661.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"4256_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-0696","volume":"46","author":"T Sathish","year":"2023","unstructured":"T. Sathish, K. Khunti, K.M.V. Narayan, V. Mohan, M.J. Davies, T. Yates et al., Effect of conventional lifestyle interventions on type 2 diabetes incidence by glucose-defined prediabetes phenotype: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 46, 1903\u20131907 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc23-0696.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"4256_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","volume":"357","author":"MF Holick","year":"2007","unstructured":"M.F. Holick, Vitamin D deficiency. N. Engl. J. Med. 357, 266\u2013281 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra070553.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4256_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.5.820","volume":"79","author":"KC Chiu","year":"2004","unstructured":"K.C. Chiu, A. Chu, V.L. Go, M.F. Saad, Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79, 820\u2013825 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/79.5.820.","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"4256_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-2321","volume":"33","author":"S Kayaniyil","year":"2010","unstructured":"S. Kayaniyil, R. Vieth, R. Retnakaran, J.A. Knight, Y. Qi, H.C. Gerstein et al., Association of vitamin D with insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 33, 1379\u20131381 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc09-2321.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"4256_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1203","volume":"34","author":"A Shankar","year":"2011","unstructured":"A. Shankar, C. Sabanayagam, S. Kalidindi, Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and prediabetes among subjects free of diabetes. Diabetes Care 34, 1114\u20131119 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc10-1203.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"4256_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4013","volume":"101","author":"R Jorde","year":"2016","unstructured":"R. Jorde, S.T. Sollid, J. Svartberg, H. Schirmer, R.M. Joakimsen, I. Nj\u00f8lstad et al., Vitamin D 20,000 IU per week for five years does not prevent progression from prediabetes to diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 101, 1647\u20131655 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2015-4013.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"4256_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120-LB","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-120-LB","volume":"67","author":"T Kawahara","year":"2018","unstructured":"T. Kawahara, Eldecalcitol, a vitamin D analog, for diabetes prevention in impaired glucose tolerance (DPVD study) (Abstract). Diabetes 67, 120-LB (2018).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"4256_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1900906","volume":"381","author":"AG Pittas","year":"2019","unstructured":"A.G. Pittas, B. Dawson-Hughes, P. Sheehan, J.H. Ware, W.C. Knowler, V.R. Aroda et al., Vitamin D supplementation and prevention of type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 381, 520\u2013530 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1900906.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4256_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"G Zipf","year":"2013","unstructured":"G. Zipf, M. Chiappa, K.S. Porter, Y. Ostchega, B.G. Lewis, J. Dostal, National health and nutrition examination survey: plan and operations, 1999\u20132010. Vital. Health Stat. 1, 1\u201337 (2013).","journal-title":"Vital. Health Stat."},{"key":"4256_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.09.010","volume":"43","author":"J Mitri","year":"2014","unstructured":"J. Mitri, A.G. Pittas, Vitamin D and diabetes. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North. Am. 43, 205\u2013232 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.09.010.","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"4256_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","volume":"96","author":"MF Holick","year":"2011","unstructured":"M.F. Holick, N.C. Binkley, H.A. Bischoff-Ferrari, C.M. Gordon, D.A. Hanley, R.P. Heaney et al., Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 1911\u20131930 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2011-0385.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"4256_CR16","unstructured":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/."},{"key":"4256_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002","volume":"130","author":"AS Levey","year":"1999","unstructured":"A.S. Levey, J.P. Bosch, J.B. Lewis, T. Greene, N. Rogers, D. Roth, A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine:a new prediction equation. Ann. Intern. Med. 130, 461\u2013470 (1999). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002.","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"4256_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.2337\/db21-0227","volume":"70","author":"A Tura","year":"2021","unstructured":"A. Tura, E. Grespan, C.S. G\u00f6bl, R.W. Koivula, P.W. Franks, E.R. Pearson et al., Profiles of glucose metabolism in different prediabetes phenotypes, classified by fasting glycemia, 2-hour OGTT, glycated hemoglobin, and 1-hour OGTT: an IMI DIRECT study. Diabetes 70, 2092\u20132106 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db21-0227.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"4256_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0298","volume":"64","author":"A Tura","year":"2017","unstructured":"A. Tura, C. Gobl, E. Moro, G. Pacini, Insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in people with prediabetes according to criteria based on glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin. Endocr. J. 64, 117\u2013122 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0298.","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"4256_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2013.10.008","volume":"28","author":"L Perreault","year":"2014","unstructured":"L. Perreault, K. F\u00e6rch, Approaching pre-diabetes. J. Diabetes Complications 28, 226\u2013233 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2013.10.008.","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"4256_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-12-201006150-00004","volume":"152","author":"DC Ziemer","year":"2010","unstructured":"D.C. Ziemer, P. Kolm, W.S. Weintraub, V. Vaccarino, M.K. Rhee, J.G. Twombly et al., Glucose-independent, black-white differences in hemoglobin A1c levels: a cross-sectional analysis of 2 studies. Ann. Intern. Med. 152, 770\u2013777 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-152-12-201006150-00004.","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"4256_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2003","volume":"30","author":"WH Herman","year":"2007","unstructured":"W.H. Herman, Y. Ma, G. Uwaifo, S. Haffner, S.E. Kahn, E.S. Horton et al., Differences in A1C by race and ethnicity among patients with impaired glucose tolerance in the diabetes prevention program. Diabetes Care 30, 2453\u20132457 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc06-2003.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"4256_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0316-1","volume":"16","author":"MD Campbell","year":"2020","unstructured":"M.D. Campbell, T. Sathish, P.Z. Zimmet, K.R. Thankappan, B. Oldenburg, D.R. Owens et al., Benefit of lifestyle-based T2DM prevention is influenced by prediabetes phenotype. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 16, 395\u2013400 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-019-0316-1.","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"4256_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1151","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad630","volume":"109","author":"S Qiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"S. Qiu, X. Cai, X. Zhou, J. Xu, Z. Sun, H. Guo et al., Muscle quality in relation to prediabetes phenotypes: a population-based study with mediation analysis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 109, e1151\u2013e1158 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad630.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"4256_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3499","volume":"38","author":"RM Pojednic","year":"2022","unstructured":"R.M. Pojednic, E.M. Trussler, J.D. Navon, S.C. Lemire, E.C. Siu, E.S. Metallinos-Katsaras, Vitamin D deficiency associated with risk of prediabetes among older adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007\u20132012. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 38, e3499 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.3499.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"4256_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.4392","volume":"317","author":"MR Rooney","year":"2017","unstructured":"M.R. Rooney, L. Harnack, E.D. Michos, R.P. Ogilvie, C.T. Sempos, P.L. Lutsey, Trends in use of high-dose vitamin D supplementsexceeding 1000 or 4000 international units daily, 1999\u20132014. JAMA 317, 2448\u20132450 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.4392.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4256_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1689S","volume":"80","author":"HF DeLuca","year":"2004","unstructured":"H.F. DeLuca, Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80, 1689S\u20131696SS (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1689S.","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"4256_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112134","volume":"76","author":"J MacLaughlin","year":"1985","unstructured":"J. MacLaughlin, M.F. Holick, Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3. J. Clin. Invest. 76, 1536\u20131538 (1985). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI112134.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"4256_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3721","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa594","volume":"105","author":"AG Pittas","year":"2020","unstructured":"A.G. Pittas, R. Jorde, T. Kawahara, B. Dawson-Hughes, Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: to D or not to D?. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 105, 3721\u20133733 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa594.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"4256_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000371","volume":"24","author":"JS Walsh","year":"2017","unstructured":"J.S. Walsh, S. Bowles, A.L. Evans, Vitamin D in obesity. Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes. 24, 389\u2013394 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MED.0000000000000371.","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"4256_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00126","volume":"40","author":"R Bouillon","year":"2019","unstructured":"R. Bouillon, C. Marcocci, G. Carmeliet, D. Bikle, J.H. White, B. Dawson-Hughes et al., Skeletal and extraskeletal actions of vitamin D:current evidence and outstanding questions. Endocr. Rev. 40, 1109\u20131151 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2018-00126.","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"4256_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3329\/bjms.v21i1.56337","volume":"21","author":"MS Morshed","year":"2022","unstructured":"M.S. Morshed, M. Fariduddin, T. Haq, S. Selim, M.A. Khan, M.A. Hasanat et al., Vitamin D status in prediabetes and its different categories. Bangladesh J. Med. Sci. 21, 120\u2013128 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3329\/bjms.v21i1.56337.","journal-title":"Bangladesh J. Med. Sci."}],"container-title":["Endocrine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-025-04256-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12020-025-04256-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-025-04256-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T14:53:41Z","timestamp":1757170421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12020-025-04256-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["4256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-025-04256-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0100"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-0100"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The NHANES are public databases. The patients involved in the database received ethical approval. Users can download relevant data for free for research and publication purposes.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}