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Body composition was assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (TANITA-48M), and biochemical parameters were measured by standard laboratory methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in pre-menopausal women compared with post-menopausal women (16.91\u2009\u00b1\u200913.17 vs. 22.59\u2009\u00b1\u200916.49 ng\/mL, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Overall, 83.75% (n\u2009=\u2009335) of the study population had vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, while only 16.25% (n\u2009=\u200965) demonstrated normal vitamin D levels. BMI did not differ significantly between the two groups (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). In pre-menopausal women, serum vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with PTH and mineral content. In post-menopausal women, vitamin D levels showed a negative correlation with BMI, body weight, body fat percentage, and PTH (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was remarkably high (83.75%) among obese women. Moreover, declining vitamin D levels were associated with increased body weight and adiposity, as well as elevated PTH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-026-04652-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:27:57Z","timestamp":1777879677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and body composition in obese premenopausal and postmenopausal women"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Burcu","family":"\u00c7aykara Peran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilal","family":"Adil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcler","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Sarg\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hacer Hicran","family":"Mutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"4652_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.09.005","volume":"92","author":"YC Chooi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Y.C. 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All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study was conducted retrospectively by reviewing archive records of suitable patients from the Obesity Outpatient Clinic. Since no additional procedures or interventions were performed on the participants, the study is classified as non-invasive research. Accordingly, no individual informed consent was required, in line with the ethics committee\u2019s approval for archive-based non-invasive retrospective studies.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"This was a retrospective study using anonymized data, informed consent was not obtained from the study participants. According to institutional and national guidelines, formal consent was not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"183"}}