{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:50:31Z","timestamp":1791280231892,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endocrine"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-026-04805-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:52:49Z","timestamp":1791276769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative efficacy and safety of orally administered PCSK9 inhibitors in patients with Hypercholesterolaemia: a dose-stratified systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7975-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Talkhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Hamouda","family":"Elkasaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8806-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr M.","family":"Abou Elezz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2264-2073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nermin Ezzat","family":"Borham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Noureldeen","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3451-8580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed W.","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3088-517X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noha","family":"Hammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kareem","family":"Khalefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazen Momtaz","family":"Shehata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4805_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.42568","volume":"14","author":"N Roshanravan","year":"2024","unstructured":"N. Roshanravan, H. Tutunchi, R. Parvizi et al., Risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in healthcare professionals of Azar Cohort Study: a cross-sectional study. Health Promot Perspect. 14(2), 161\u2013167 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/hpp.42568","journal-title":"Health Promot Perspect."},{"issue":"6","key":"4805_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2022.09.006","volume":"16","author":"F Civeira","year":"2022","unstructured":"F. Civeira, M. Arca, A. Cenarro et al., A mechanism-based operational definition and classification of hypercholesterolemia. J. Clin. Lipidol. 16(6), 813\u2013821 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2022.09.006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"4805_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Mosca, G. Ara\u00fajo, V. Costa et al., Dyslipidemia diagnosis and treatment: risk stratification in children and adolescents. J. Nutr. Metab. 2022, 4782344 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/4782344","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4782344"},{"key":"4805_CR4","unstructured":"M.A. Ibrahim, E. Asuka, I. Jialal, Hypercholesterolemia, in StatPearls (StatPearls Publishing, T. Island, 2026). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK459188\/. Accessed 7 Aug 2026"},{"issue":"8","key":"4805_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3390\/life15081185","volume":"15","author":"E-T Ni\u021bu","year":"2025","unstructured":"E.-T. Ni\u021bu, N. Jianu, C. Merlan et al., A comprehensive review of the latest approaches to managing hypercholesterolemia: a comparative analysis of conventional and novel treatments: part I. Life. 15(8), 1185 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life15081185","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"2","key":"4805_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.81.2.380","volume":"81","author":"DJA Jenkins","year":"2005","unstructured":"D.J.A. Jenkins, C.W.C. Kendall, A. Marchie et al., Direct comparison of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods with a statin in hypercholesterolemic participants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81(2), 380\u2013387 (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn.81.2.380","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"10","key":"4805_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.4158\/CS-2020-0490","volume":"26","author":"Y Handelsman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Y. Handelsman, P.S. Jellinger, C.K. Guerin et al., Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease algorithm: 2020 executive summary. Endocr. Pract. 26(10), 1196\u20131224 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4158\/CS-2020-0490","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"4805_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000073","volume":"39","author":"CB Newman","year":"2019","unstructured":"C.B. Newman, D. Preiss, J.A. Tobert et al., Statin safety and associated adverse events: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc Biol. 39(2), e38\u2013e81 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000073","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc Biol."},{"key":"4805_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.02.007","volume":"79","author":"SP Gunta","year":"2023","unstructured":"S.P. Gunta, J.H. O\u2019Keefe, E.L. O\u2019Keefe et al., PCSK9 inhibitor, ezetimibe, and bempedoic acid: evidence-based therapies for statin-intolerant patients. Prog Cardiovasc. Dis. 79, 12\u201318 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2023.02.007","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"4805_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2016.060","volume":"39","author":"MM Page","year":"2016","unstructured":"M.M. Page, G.F. Watts, PCSK9 inhibitors: mechanisms of action. Aust Prescr. 39(5), 164\u2013167 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18773\/austprescr.2016.060","journal-title":"Aust Prescr"},{"issue":"8","key":"4805_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvae081","volume":"23","author":"GA Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"G.A. Lee, A. Durante, E.E. Baker et al., Healthcare professionals\u2019 perspectives on the use of PCSK9 inhibitors in cardiovascular disease: an in-depth qualitative study. Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. 23(8), 919\u2013924 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvae081","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs."},{"issue":"2","key":"4805_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.01.010","volume":"15","author":"S Attipoe-Dorcoo","year":"2021","unstructured":"S. Attipoe-Dorcoo, P. Yang, L. Sperling et al., Characteristics and trends of PCSK9 inhibitor prescription fills in the United States. J. Clin. Lipidol. 15(2), 332\u2013338 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.01.010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"issue":"16","key":"4805_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.02.018","volume":"81","author":"CM Ballantyne","year":"2023","unstructured":"C.M. Ballantyne, P. Banka, G. Mendez et al., Phase 2b randomized trial of the oral PCSK9 inhibitor MK-0616. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 81(16), 1553\u20131564 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.02.018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"4805_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00325-X","volume":"12","author":"MJ Koren","year":"2024","unstructured":"M.J. Koren, O. Descamps, Y. Hata et al., PCSK9 inhibition with orally administered NNC0385-0434 in hypercholesterolaemia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 12(3), 174\u2013183 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00325-X","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"4805_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v95","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suag035","volume":"28","author":"L Arnaboldi","year":"2026","unstructured":"L. Arnaboldi, Z. Tang, N. Ferri, A. Corsini, New frontiers in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia: oral inhibition of PCSK9. Eur. Heart J. Suppl. 28, v95\u2013v99 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suag035","journal-title":"Heart J. Suppl."},{"issue":"2","key":"4805_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.063372","volume":"148","author":"DG Johns","year":"2023","unstructured":"D.G. Johns, L.-C. Campeau, P. Banka et al., Orally bioavailable macrocyclic peptide that inhibits binding of PCSK9 to the low density lipoprotein receptor. Circulation. 148(2), 144\u2013158 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.063372","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4805_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2024.11.003","volume":"59","author":"N Ferri","year":"2025","unstructured":"N. Ferri, G. Marodin, Emerging oral therapeutic strategies for inhibiting PCSK9. Atheroscler Plus. 59, 25\u201331 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athplu.2024.11.003","journal-title":"Atheroscler Plus"},{"issue":"1","key":"4805_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.09.015","volume":"20","author":"VQT Ho","year":"2026","unstructured":"V.Q.T. Ho, N.B. Tran, N. Nguyen et al., Oral PCSK9 inhibitors as an emerging frontier in lipid management: a meta-analysis. J. Clin. Lipidol. 20(1), 31\u201343 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.09.015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"issue":"6","key":"4805_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.02.002","volume":"32","author":"ABM Kamrul-Hasan","year":"2026","unstructured":"A.B.M. Kamrul-Hasan, K. Mahajan, I. Khalil et al., Safety and efficacy of oral PCSK9 inhibitors in hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Endocr. Pract. 32(6), 962\u2013971 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.02.002","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"issue":"6","key":"4805_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2511002","volume":"394","author":"AM Navar","year":"2026","unstructured":"A.M. Navar, E. Mikhailova, A.L. Catapano et al., A placebo-controlled trial of the oral PCSK9 inhibitor enlicitide. N Engl. J. Med. 394(6), 529\u2013539 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2511002","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"4805_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.20620","volume":"335","author":"CM Ballantyne","year":"2026","unstructured":"C.M. Ballantyne, L. Gellis, J.-C. Tardif et al., Efficacy and safety of oral PCSK9 inhibitor enlicitide in adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 335(2), 129\u2013139 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2025.20620","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"4805_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","volume":"162","author":"B Hutton","year":"2015","unstructured":"B. Hutton, G. Salanti, D.M. Caldwell et al., The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations. Ann. Intern. Med. 162(11), 777\u2013784 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M14-2385","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"4805_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","volume":"5","author":"M Ouzzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"M. Ouzzani, H. Hammady, Z. Fedorowicz et al., Rayyan: a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst. Rev. 5(1), 210 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"4805_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445516673998","volume":"41","author":"D Drevon","year":"2017","unstructured":"D. Drevon, S.R. Fursa, A.L. Malcolm, Intercoder reliability and validity of WebPlotDigitizer in extracting graphed data. Behav. Modif. 41(2), 323\u2013339 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145445516673998","journal-title":"Behav. Modif."},{"issue":"21","key":"4805_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.03.499","volume":"85","author":"MJ Koren","year":"2025","unstructured":"M.J. Koren, R.B. Vega, N. Agrawal et al., An oral PCSK9 inhibitor for treatment of hypercholesterolemia: the PURSUIT randomized trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 85(21), 1996\u20132007 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.03.499","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"4805_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"J.A.C. Sterne, J. Savovi\u0107, M.J. Page et al., RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 366, l4898 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4805_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000001419","author":"N Hammad","year":"2026","unstructured":"N. Hammad, M.H. Elkasaby, A.F. Gadelmawla et al., Efficacy and safety of selective aldosterone synthase inhibitors in uncontrolled hypertension: a systematic review and dose-specific network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cardiol. Rev. (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CRD.0000000000001419","journal-title":"Cardiol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"4805_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-04974-4","volume":"25","author":"MI Gbreel","year":"2025","unstructured":"M.I. Gbreel, M.H. Elkasaby, M. Hassan et al., Optimizing antithrombotic therapy following mitral valve repair: a comprehensive network meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 25(1), 628 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04974-4","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord"},{"key":"4805_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","volume":"14","author":"X Wan","year":"2014","unstructured":"X. Wan, W. Wang, J. Liu, T. Tong, Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 14, 135 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"issue":"5","key":"4805_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/s0033-0620(85)80003-7","volume":"27","author":"S Yusuf","year":"1985","unstructured":"S. Yusuf, R. Peto, J. Lewis et al., Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials. Prog Cardiovasc. Dis. 27(5), 335\u2013371 (1985). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0033-0620(85)80003-7","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"4805_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-015-0060-8","volume":"15","author":"G R\u00fccker","year":"2015","unstructured":"G. R\u00fccker, G. Schwarzer, Ranking treatments in frequentist network meta-analysis works without resampling methods. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 15, 58 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-015-0060-8","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"4805_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Nikolakopoulou, J.P.T. Higgins, T. Papakonstantinou et al., CINeMA: an approach for assessing confidence in the results of a network meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 17(4) (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003082. e1003082","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003082"},{"issue":"5","key":"4805_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-022-09735-8","volume":"23","author":"VR Aroda","year":"2022","unstructured":"V.R. Aroda, L. Blonde, R.E. Pratley, A new era for oral peptides: SNAC and the development of oral semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 23(5), 979\u2013994 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-022-09735-8","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord"}],"container-title":["Endocrine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-026-04805-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12020-026-04805-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12020-026-04805-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:52:51Z","timestamp":1791276771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12020-026-04805-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-026-04805-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0100","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"327"}}