{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:55:43Z","timestamp":1788306943561,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endocr Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-021-09702-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T21:11:51Z","timestamp":1641503511000},"page":"494-505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) and Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Promoter Methylation in Recurrent Adult and Primary Pediatric Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8890-4455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiba","family":"Alzoubi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8872-6409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Minasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6223-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Gianno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9535-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manila","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4966-7044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Belardinilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5382-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felice","family":"Giangaspero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5916-8997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Lise","family":"Jaffrain-Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5892-1281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca Romana","family":"Buttarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"9702_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C5","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0004","volume":"24","author":"SL Asa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Asa SL, Casar-Borota O, Chanson P, Delgrange E, Earls P, Ezzat S, et al. From pituitary adenoma to pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET): an International Pituitary Pathology Club proposal. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017;24:C5-C8.","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"9702_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020514","volume":"12","author":"J Trouillas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trouillas J, Jaffrain-Rea ML, Vasiljevic A, Raverot G, Roncaroli F, Villa C. How to Classify the Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNET)s in 2020. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Feb 22;12(2):514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers12020514.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"issue":"3","key":"9702_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/3.3.152","volume":"3","author":"FG Davis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davis FG, Kupelian V, Freels S, McCarthy B, Surawicz T. Prevalence estimates for primary brain tumors in the United States by behavior and major histology groups. Neuro Oncol. 2001;3(3):152-8.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/3.3.152.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"9702_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4769","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1668","volume":"91","author":"AF Daly","year":"2006","unstructured":"Daly AF, Rixhon M, Adam C, Dempegioti A, Tichomirowa MA, Beckers A. High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a cross-sectional study in the province of Liege, Belgium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Dec;91(12):4769-75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2006-1668.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"9702_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Truitt G, Boscia A, Kruchko C, Barnholtz- Sloan JS. CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2011\u20132015. Neuro Oncol.\u00a02018 Oct 1;20(suppl_4):iv1-iv86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noy131.","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noy131"},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1625984","volume":"79","author":"A Perry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perry A, Graffeo CS, Marcellino C, Pollock BE, Wetjen NM, Meyer FB. Pediatric Pituitary Adenoma: Case Series, Review of the Literature, and a Skull Base Treatment Paradigm.\u00a0J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2018;79(1):91-114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1625984.","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base."},{"issue":"4","key":"9702_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.8.4.563","volume":"8","author":"MF Keil","year":"2008","unstructured":"Keil MF, Stratakis CA. Pituitary tumors in childhood: update of diagnosis, treatment and molecular genetics. Expert Rev Neurother. 2008 Apr;8(4):563-74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/14737175.8.4.563.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother."},{"key":"9702_CR8","unstructured":"Osamura RY, Grossman A, Korbonits M, Kovacs K, Lopes MBS, Matsuno A, Trouillas J.\u00a0WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs.\u00a0WHO; Lyon, France: 2017. Pituitary adenoma; pp. 14\u201318. Chapter 1: Tumors of the Pituitary Gland."},{"issue":"2","key":"9702_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-021-09678-x","volume":"32","author":"SL Asa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Asa SL. Challenges in the Diagnosis of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors. Endocr Pathol.\u00a02021 Jun;32(2):222-227.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12022-021-09678-x.\u00a0Epub 2021 Apr 17.","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"9702_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-020-09646-x","volume":"31","author":"O Mete","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mete O, Asa SL. Structure, Function, and Morphology in the Classification of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: the Importance of Routine Analysis of Pituitary Transcription Factors. Endocr Pathol 2020; 31(4):330-336.","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9702_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02655-0","volume":"475","author":"C Villa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villa C, Vasiljevic A, Jaffrain-Rea ML, Ansorge O, Asioli S, Barresi V, Chinezu L, Gardiman MP, Lania A, et al. A standardised diagnostic approach to pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs): a European Pituitary Pathology Group (EPPG) proposal. Virchows Arch. 2019 Dec;475(6):687-692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00428-019-02655-0.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"9702_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2016.114","volume":"26","author":"ZJ Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song ZJ, Reitman ZJ, Ma Chen JH, Zhang QL ZY,\u00a0et al.\u00a0The genome-wide mutational landscape of pituitary adenomas.\u00a0Cell Res\u00a026,\u00a01255\u20131259 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cr.2016.114.","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"9702_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-0790","volume":"23","author":"WL Bi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bi\u00a0WL,\u00a0Horowitz\u00a0P,\u00a0Greenwald\u00a0NF,\u00a0Abedalthagafi\u00a0M,\u00a0Agarwalla\u00a0PK,\u00a0Gibson\u00a0WJ,\u00a0et al. Landscape of genomic alterations in pituitary adenomas.\u00a0Clin Cancer Res\u00a02017;23:1841\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-0790.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"9702_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E796","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4028","volume":"98","author":"PJ Newey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Newey PJ, Nesbit, MA, Rimmer AJ, Head RA, Gorvin CM, et al. Whole-exome sequencing studies of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.\u00a02013 Apr;98(4):E796-800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2012-4028.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"9702_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2020.05.005","volume":"49","author":"S Barry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barry S, Korbonits M. Update on the genetics of pituitary tumors. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2020 Sep;49(3):433-452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2020.05.005. PMID: 32741481.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am."},{"key":"9702_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3166","volume":"47","author":"M Reincke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reincke\u00a0M,\u00a0Sbiera\u00a0S,\u00a0Hayakawa\u00a0A,\u00a0Theodoropoulou\u00a0M,\u00a0Osswald\u00a0A,\u00a0Beuschlein\u00a0F,\u00a0et al. Mutations in the deubiquitinase gene USP8 cause Cushing's disease.\u00a0Nat Genet\u00a02014;47:31\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3166.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"9702_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.20","volume":"25","author":"ZY Ma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ma\u00a0ZY,\u00a0Song\u00a0ZJ,\u00a0Chen\u00a0JH,\u00a0Wang\u00a0YF,\u00a0Li\u00a0SQ,\u00a0Zhou\u00a0LF,\u00a0et al. Recurrent gain-of-function USP8 mutations in Cushing's disease.\u00a0Cell Res.\u00a02015;25(3):306-17.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cr.2015.20.","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"9702_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3918","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3129","volume":"100","author":"N V\u00e4lim\u00e4ki","year":"2015","unstructured":"V\u00e4lim\u00e4ki\u00a0N,\u00a0Demir\u00a0H,\u00a0Pitk\u00e4nen\u00a0E,\u00a0Kaasinen\u00a0E,\u00a0Karppinen\u00a0A,\u00a0Kivipelto\u00a0L,\u00a0et al.\u00a0Whole-genome sequencing of growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas.\u00a0J Clin Endocrinol Metab\u00a02015;100:3918\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2015-3129.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.11.002","volume":"37","author":"M Neou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neou M, Villa C, Armignacco R, Jouinot A, Raffin-Sanson ML, Septier A, Letourneur F, Diry S, Diedisheim M, Izac B, Gaspar C, et al. Pangenomic Classification of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancer Cell. 2020 Jan 13;37(1):123-134.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.11.002.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-021-09663-4","volume":"32","author":"SL Asa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Asa SL, Mete O, Ezzat S. Genomics and epigenomics of pituitary tumors: what do pathologists need to know? Endocr Pathol. 2021 Mar;32(1):3-16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12022-021-09663-4.","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol."},{"key":"9702_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4126","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2206","volume":"24","author":"MP Salomon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salomon MP, Wang X, Marzese DM, Hsu SC, Nelson N, Zhang X, et al. The epigenomic landscape of pituitary adenomas reveals specific alterations and differentiates among acromegaly, cushing\u2019s disease and endocrine-inactive subtypes. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24:4126\u201336.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2206.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"9702_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.11.036","volume":"579","author":"EH Blackburn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Blackburn EH. Telomeres and telomerase: Their mechanisms of action and the effects of altering their functions. FEBS Lett 2005;579:859-62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.11.036.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"9702_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab3389","volume":"350","author":"EH Blackburn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blackburn EH, Epel ES, Lin J. Human telomere biology: A contributory and interactive factor in aging, disease risks, and protection. Science 2015;350:1193-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aab3389.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9702_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.050567","volume":"122","author":"L Oganesian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oganesian L, Karlseder J. Telomeric armor: The layers of end protection. J Cell Sci 2009;122:4013-25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.050567.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"9702_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3781","volume":"49","author":"FP Barthel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barthel FP, Wei W, Tang M, Martinez-Ledesma E, Hu X, Amin SB,\u00a0et al. Systematic analysis of telomere length and somatic alterations in 31 cancer types. Nat Genet 2017;49:349-57.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3781.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"9702_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4240","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00098.x","volume":"14","author":"TM Bryan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bryan TM, Englezou A, Gupta J, Bacchetti S, Reddel RR. Telomere elongation in immortal human cells without detectable telomerase activity. EMBO J 1995;14:4240-8.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"9702_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1197-1271","volume":"3","author":"TM Bryan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bryan TM, Englezou A, Dalla-Pozza L, Dunham MA, Reddel RR. Evidence for an alternative mechanism for maintaining telomere length in human tumors and tumor-derived cell lines. Nat Med 1997;3:1271-4.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm1197-1271.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9702_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2015.07.007","volume":"1","author":"RL Dilley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dilley RL, Greenberg RA. ALTernative telomere maintenance and cancer. Trends Cancer 2015;1:145-56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trecan.2015.07.007.","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"9702_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.06.018","volume":"179","author":"CM Heaphy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heaphy CM, Subhawong AP, Hong SM, Goggins MG, Montgomery EA, Gabrielson E,\u00a0et al. Prevalence of the alternative lengthening of telomeres telomere maintenance mechanism in human cancer subtypes. Am J Pathol 2011;179:1608-15.\u00a0doi:\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.06.018","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"9702_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205058","volume":"21","author":"JD Henson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Henson JD, Neumann AA, Yeager TR, Reddel RR. Alternative lengthening of telomeres in mammalian cells. Oncogene 2002;21:598-610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.onc.1205058.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"9702_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz210","volume":"112","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Z, Rice SV, Chang TC, Liu Y, Liu Q, Qin N,\u00a0et al. Molecular mechanism of telomere length dynamics and its prognostic value in pediatric cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020;112:756-64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djz210.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"9702_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020606","volume":"19","author":"M De Vitis","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Vitis M, Berardinelli F, Sgura A. Telomere length maintenance in cancer: At the crossroad between telomerase and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Int J Mol Sci 2018;19:606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19020606.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"9702_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1207313","volume":"333","author":"CM Heaphy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heaphy CM, de Wilde RF, Jiao Y, Klein AP, Edil BH, Shi C,\u00a0et al. Altered telomeres in tumors with ATRX and DAXX mutations. Science 2011;333:425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1207313.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9702_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.06.009","volume":"584","author":"JD Henson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Henson JD, Reddel RR. Assaying and investigating alternative lengthening of telomeres activity in human cells and cancers. FEBS Lett 2010;584:3800-11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.06.009.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"9702_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2146-9","volume":"73","author":"SC Akincilar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akincilar SC, Unal B, Tergaonkar V. Reactivation of telomerase in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016;73:1659-70. doi:\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-016-2146-9\u00a0.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"9702_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12606","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182407599","volume":"99","author":"SA Stewart","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stewart SA, Hahn WC, O'Connor BF, Banner EN, Lundberg AS, Modha P,\u00a0et al. Telomerase contributes to tumorigenesis by a telomere length-independent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002;99:12606-11.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.182407599.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"9702_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90170-9","volume":"43","author":"CW Greider","year":"1985","unstructured":"Greider CW, Blackburn EH. Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in tetrahymena extracts. Cell 1985;43:405-13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90170-9.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR38","first-page":"45","volume":"39","author":"J Boresowicz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boresowicz J, Kober P, Rusetska N, Maksymowicz M, Goryka K, et al. Telomere length and TERT abnormalities in pituitary adenomas. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2018; 39(1):45-55.","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"9702_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100297","volume":"9","author":"C Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen C, Han S, Meng L, Li Z, Zhang X, Wu A. TERT promoter mutations lead to high transcriptional activity under hypoxia and temozolomide treatment and predict poor prognosis in gliomas. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 17;9(6):e100297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0100297.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"8","key":"9702_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-016-0479-8","volume":"39","author":"CS Martins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martins CS, de Castro M, Calado RT. Absence of TERT promoter mutations in pituitary adenomas. J Endocrinol Invest. 2016 Aug;39(8):933-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-016-0479-8.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-015-0230-8","volume":"33","author":"M K\u00f6chling","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u00f6chling M, Ewelt C, F\u00fcrtjes G, Peetz-Dienhart S, Koos B, Hasselblatt M, Paulus W, Stummer W, Brokinkel B. hTERT promoter methylation in pituitary adenomas. Brain Tumor Pathol. 2016 Jan;33(1):27-34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10014-015-0230-8.","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Pathol."},{"issue":"6","key":"9702_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1195-5","volume":"126","author":"C Koelsche","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koelsche C, Sahm F, Capper D, Reuss D, et al. Distribution of TERT promoter mutations in pediatric and adult tumors of the nervous system. Acta Neuropathol.\u00a02013 Dec;126(6):907-15.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-013-1195-5.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"9702_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4087","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-1534-0","volume":"35","author":"B Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu B, Peng M, Song Q. The co-expression of telomerase and ALT pathway in human breast cancer tissues. Tumour Biol 2014;35:4087-93.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13277-013-1534-0.","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"key":"9702_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03476-6","volume":"9","author":"C Danussi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Danussi C, Bose P, Parthasarathy PT, Silberman PC, Van Arnam JS, Vitucci M,\u00a0et al. Atrx inactivation drives disease-defining phenotypes in glioma cells of origin through global epigenomic remodeling. Nat Commun 2018;9:1057.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-03476-6.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"9702_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brosnan-Cashman JA, Yuan M, Graham MK, Rizzo AJ, Myers KM, Davis C,\u00a0et al. ATRX loss induces multiple hallmarks of the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) phenotype in human glioma cell lines in a cell line-specific manner. PLoS One 2018;13:e0204159","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204159"},{"key":"9702_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4544","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41058-8","volume":"9","author":"KE Yost","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yost KE, Clatterbuck Soper SF, Walker RL, Pineda MA, Zhu YJ, Ester CD,\u00a0et al. Rapid and reversible suppression of ALT by DAXX in osteosarcoma cells. Sci Rep 2019;9:4544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-41058-8.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"9702_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-019-03127-w","volume":"142","author":"S Minasi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Minasi S, Baldi C, Pietsch T et al. Telomere elongation via alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) and telomerase activation in primary metastatic medulloblastoma of childhood. J Neurooncol 2019 May;142(3):435-444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-019-03127-w.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9702_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-020-04933-8","volume":"37","author":"S Minasi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Minasi S, Baldi C, Gianno F, Antonelli M et al. Alternative lengthening of telomeres in molecular subgroups of paediatric high-grade glioma. Childs Nerv Syst.\u00a02021;37(3):809-818.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-020-04933-8.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst."},{"key":"9702_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0523-2","volume":"33","author":"CM Heaphy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heaphy, C.M., Bi, W.L., Coy, S.\u00a0et al.\u00a0Telomere length alterations and ATRX\/DAXX loss in pituitary adenomas.\u00a0Mod Pathol\u00a033,\u00a01475\u20131481 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41379-020-0523-2.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"9702_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poon\u00a0SS, Lansdorp PM (2001) Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH). Curr Protoc Cell Biol. Chapter 18, Unit18 14. Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471143030.cb1804s12"},{"key":"9702_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04448-6","volume":"9","author":"BH Diplas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Diplas BH, He X, Brosnan-Cashman JA, Liu H, Chen LH, Wang Z, et al. The genomic landscape of TERT promoter wildtype-IDH wildtype glioblastoma. Nat Commun. 2018;9:2087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-04448-6.","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"9702_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.07.010","volume":"76","author":"S Panier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Panier S, Maric M, Hewitt G, Mason-Osann E, Gali H, Dai A, et al. SLX4IP antagonizes promiscuous BLM activity during ALT maintenance. Mol Cell 2019;76:27\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.07.010.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"9702_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlz040","volume":"78","author":"J Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen J, Schmidt RE, Dahiya S. Pituitary adenoma in pediatric and adolescent populations. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2019;78:626\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnen\/nlz040.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol."},{"key":"9702_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1097\/PITNETS.0000000000000908","volume":"41","author":"O Casar-Borota","year":"2017","unstructured":"Casar-Borota O, Botling J, Granberg D, Stigare J, Wikstrom J, Boldt HB, et al. Serotonin, ATRX, and DAXX expression in pituitary adenomas: markers in the differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the sellar region. Am J Surg Pathol. 2017;41:1238\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PITNETS.0000000000000908.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"9702_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00510","volume":"8","author":"F Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo F, Wang G, Wang F, Xu D, Liu X. Identification of novel genes involved in the pathogenesis of an ACTH-secreting pituitary carcinoma: a case report and literature review. Front Oncol. 2018;8:510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2018.00510.","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"9702_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa749","volume":"106","author":"O Casar-Borota","year":"2021","unstructured":"Casar-Borota O, B\u00fcnsow Boldt H,\u2004Ed\u00e9n Engstr\u00f6m B, Skovsager Andersen M, Baussart B, et al. Corticotroph Aggressive Pituitary Tumors and Carcinomas Frequently Harbor ATRX Mutations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab\u00a02021;106(4):1183-1194.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa749.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9702_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10833","volume":"482","author":"J Schwartzentruber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schwartzentruber J, Korshunov A, Liu XY, Jones DT, Pfaff E, Jacob K, Sturm D, Fontebasso AM, Quang DA, Tonjes M, Hovestadt V, Albercht S, Kool M, Nantel A, Konermann C et al (2012) Driver mutations in histone H3.3 and chromatin remodelling genes in paediatric glioblastoma. Nature 482:226\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10833.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-018-03016-8","volume":"141","author":"Y Miyake","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miyake Y, Adachi JI, Suzuki T, Mishima K, Araki R, Mizuno R, Nishikawa R. TERT promoter methylation is significantly associated with TERT upregulation and disease progression in pituitary adenomas. J Neurooncol. 2019 Jan;141(1):131-138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-018-03016-8.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol."},{"key":"9702_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kunitoshi Chiba, Franziska K. Lorbeer, A. Hunter Shain, et al. Mutations in the promoter of the telomerase gene\u00a0TERT\u00a0contribute to tumorigenesis by a two-step mechanism. Science. 2017 Sep 29; 357(6358): 1416\u20131420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aao0535.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao0535"},{"key":"9702_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01518","volume":"9","author":"T Kent","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kent T, Gracias D, Shepherd S, Clynes D. Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in Pediatric Cancer: Mechanisms to Therapies. Front Oncol 2019;9:1518. doi:\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2019.01518.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"9702_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4103\/glioma.glioma_20_20","volume":"3","author":"S Minasi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Minasi S, Gianno F, Alzoubi H, Antonelli M, Giangaspero F, Buttarelli FR. Mechanisms of telomere maintenance in pediatric brain tumors: Promising targets for therapy \u2013 A narrative review. Glioma 2020;3:105-18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/glioma.glioma_20_20.","journal-title":"Glioma"},{"key":"9702_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11020133","volume":"11","author":"A Sommer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sommer A, Royle NJ. ALT: A Multi-Faceted Phenomenon. Genes (Basel) 2020;11:133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes11020133.","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"9702_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Raverot G, Burman P, McCormack A, Heaney A, Petersenn S, Popovic V, Trouillas J, Dekkers OM; European Society of Endocrinology. European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018 Jan;178(1):G1-G24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-17-0796. Epub 2017 Oct 18. PMID: 29046323.","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0796"},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02524-w","volume":"72","author":"LL Ogino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ogino LL, Lamback EB, Guterres A, de Azeredo Lima CH, Henriques DG, Barbosa MA, Silva DA, da Silva Camacho AH, Chimelli L, Kasuki L, Gadelha MR. Telomerase expression in clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Endocrine. 2021 Apr;72(1):208-215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-020-02524-w. Epub 2020 Oct 22. PMID: 33090306.","journal-title":"Endocrine."},{"key":"9702_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ortiz-Plata A, Tena Suck ML, L\u00f3pez-G\u00f3mez M, Heras A, S\u00e1nchez Garc\u00eda A. Study of the telomerase hTERT fraction, PCNA and CD34 expression on pituitary adenomas. Association with clinical and demographic characteristics. J Neurooncol. 2007 Sep;84(2):159\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-007-9365-8. Epub 2007 Mar 15. PMID: 17361328.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-007-9365-8"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12022-021-09702-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12022-021-09702-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12022-021-09702-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T12:55:18Z","timestamp":1669899318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12022-021-09702-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12022-021-09702-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-3976","1559-0097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-3976","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0097","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}