{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:31:13Z","timestamp":1762918273780,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631059200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Sci Med Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-021-00426-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T12:12:03Z","timestamp":1631103123000},"page":"665-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A study into the viability of Synbone\u00ae as a proxy for Sus scrofa (domesticus) ribs for use with 7.62\u2009\u00d7\u200951\u00a0mm Full Metal Jacket ammunition in ballistic testing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2875-2533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy E.","family":"Pullen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Kieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas C. H.","family":"Plummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"426_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-017-1737-9","volume":"132","author":"P Mahoney","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahoney P, Carr D, Arm R, Gibb I, Hunt N, Delaney RJ. Ballistic impacts on an anatomically correct synthetic skull with a surrogate skin\/soft tissue layer. Int J Legal Med. 2018;132:519\u201330.","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"426_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.01.023","volume":"261","author":"C Bir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bir C, Andrecovich C, DeMaio M, Dougherty PJ. Evaluation of bone surrogates for indirect and direct ballistic fractures. Forensic Sci Int. 2016;261:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"426_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-019-04231-y","volume":"55","author":"BJ Henwood","year":"2020","unstructured":"Henwood BJ, Appleby-Thomas G. The suitability of Synbone\u00ae as a tissue analogue in ballistic impacts. J Mater Sci. 2020;55:3022\u201333.","journal-title":"J Mater Sci"},{"key":"426_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-8-15","volume":"8","author":"DC Kieser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kieser DC, Carr DJ, Leclair SC, Horsfall I, Theis J-C, Swain MV, et al. Remote ballistic fractures in a gelatine model-aetiology and surgical implications. J Orthop Surg Res. 2013;8:15.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"426_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kieser DC, Riddell R, Kieser JA, Theis JC, Swain MV. Bone micro-fracture observations from direct impact of slow velocity projectiles. J Arch Mil Med. 2014;2: e15614.","DOI":"10.5812\/jamm.15614"},{"key":"426_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2015.06.007","volume":"17","author":"MJ Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith MJ, James S, Pover T, Ball N, Barnetson V, Foster B, et al. Fantastic plastic? Experimental evaluation of polyurethane bone substitutes as proxies for human bone in trauma simulations. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2015;17:427\u201335.","journal-title":"Leg Med (Tokyo)"},{"key":"426_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-018-1832-6","volume":"133","author":"P Mahoney","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mahoney P, Carr D, Hunt N, Delaney RJ. Assessment of polyurethane spheres as surrogates for military ballistic head injury. Int J Legal Med. 2019;133:163\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"426_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pullen A, Kieser DC, Hooper G. A study into the viability of Synbone(R) as a proxy for Sus scrofa (domesticus) ribs for use with 5.56-mm open tip match ammunition in ballistic testing. Int J Legal Med. 2021;135:521\u201326.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02416-8"},{"key":"426_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.05.051","volume":"301","author":"A Ruchonnet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ruchonnet A, Diehl M, Tang Y-H, Kranioti EF. Cranial blunt force trauma in relation to the victim\u2019s position: An experimental study using polyurethane bone spheres. Forensic Sci Int. 2019;301:350\u20137.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"426_CR10","unstructured":"Synbone\u00ae. Synbone\u00ae 2020. https:\/\/www.synbone.com\/products\/bone-models\/. Accessed 17 May 2020."},{"key":"426_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pullen A, Rodrigues S, Shaw B, Kieser D. A preliminary study in the variables of thoracic ballistic trauma. 30th International Symposium on Ballistics. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12783\/ballistics2017\/17028.","DOI":"10.12783\/ballistics2017\/17028"},{"key":"426_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2018-000984","volume":"164","author":"SA Rodrigues","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodrigues SA, Guey J, Plummer T, Pullen A, Shaw B, Kieser D. Influence of rib impact on thoracic gunshot trauma. J R Army Med Corps. 2018;164:405\u20139.","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"key":"426_CR13","unstructured":"Dahlstrom DB, Powley KD. Comparative performance of 9 mm parabellum, .38 Special and .40 Smith and Wesson ammunition in ballistic gelatin. Canadian Police Research Centre; 1994."},{"key":"426_CR14","unstructured":"Dahlstrom DB, Powley KD, Kramer D. Lead shot penetration in 10% ordnance gelatin. Canadian Police Research Centre\u2013Technical report; 1995."},{"key":"426_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-015-1309-9","volume":"130","author":"A Mabbott","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mabbott A, Carr D, Champion S, Malbon C. Comparison of porcine thorax to gelatine blocks for wound ballistics studies. Int J Legal Med. 2016;130:1353\u201362.","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"426_CR16","unstructured":"Mabbott A. The overmatching of UK Police body armour. Cranfield University; 2015."},{"key":"426_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-011-9240-y","volume":"7","author":"JA Kieser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kieser JA, Tahere J, Agnew C, Kieser DC, Duncan W, Swain MV, et al. Morphoscopic analysis of experimentally produced bony wounds from low-velocity ballistic impact. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2011;7:322\u201332.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"426_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02299-9","volume":"134","author":"AJ Caister","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caister AJ, Carr DJ, Campbell PD, Brock F, Breeze J. The ballistic performance of bone when impacted by fragments. Int J Legal Med. 2020;134:1387\u201393.","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"426_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-013-0856-1","volume":"128","author":"D Carr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carr D, Kieser J, Mabbott A, Mott C, Champion S, Girvan E. Damage to apparel layers and underlying tissue due to hand-gun bullets. Int J Legal Med. 2014;128:83\u201393.","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"426_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2017.10.004","volume":"53","author":"K Fragkouli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fragkouli K, Al Hakeem E, Bulut O, Simmons T. The effect of range and ammunition type on fracture patterns in porcine postcranial flat bones. J Forensic Leg Med. 2018;53:1\u201312.","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"426_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2012.12.007","volume":"20","author":"J Breeze","year":"2013","unstructured":"Breeze J, Hunt N, Gibb I, James G, Hepper A, Clasper J. Experimental penetration of fragment simulating projectiles into porcine tissues compared with simulants. J Forensic Leg Med. 2013;20:296\u20139.","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"426_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pullen A, Kieser DC, Hooper G. Ballistic gelatin calibration standardisation. BMJ Mil Health. 2020; bmjmilitary-2020\u2013001430.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmilitary-2020-001430"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-021-00426-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12024-021-00426-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-021-00426-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T17:17:08Z","timestamp":1638292628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12024-021-00426-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-021-00426-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-769X","1556-2891"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1547-769X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1556-2891"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}