{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T01:49:08Z","timestamp":1768528148034,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008769","name":"Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Sci Med Pathol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intramuscular hemorrhages at autopsy can have a variety of traumatic as well as non-traumatic causes, but their recognition in electrical deaths is almost a rarity. We report on two autopsy cases of electrical fatalities, the first relating to a portion of the right upper human extremity, consisting (only) of the forearm and hand, while the other case relates to a female child who died after a high voltage electrical shock. In both cases, layered dissection of the upper limb revealed fresh intramuscular hemorrhages in the skeletal muscles that could be topographically related to the path taken by the current through the body. Externally visible electric marks were present in both cases. The hemorrhages were most likely caused by current-induced tetanic muscle contractions, producing an internal muscle trauma with rupture of fibers and bleedings. In complex situations, such as inconspicuous marks or a complete lack of visible signs on the body, the finding may be helpful in solving the case in consideration of the case history and circumstances. The vitality, topography, and pattern of the hemorrhages are discussed in the light of the available literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-022-00558-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T07:42:39Z","timestamp":1667893359000},"page":"72-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intramuscular hemorrhages in the pathway of an electric current through the body \u2014 two case reports"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Pawan","family":"Mittal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0005-6851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Bohnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"558_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(02)00061-0","volume":"126","author":"B Karger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Karger B, S\u00fcggeler O, Brinkmann B. Electrocution \u2014 autopsy study with emphasis on \u201celectrical petechiae.\u201d Forensic Sci Int. 2002;126(3):210\u20133.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"558_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-110-9_4","volume-title":"Forensic pathology reviews","author":"R Wick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wick R, Byard RW. Electrocution and the autopsy. In: Tsokos M, editor. Forensic pathology reviews. Totowa NJ: Humana Press; 2009. p. 53\u201366."},{"issue":"1","key":"558_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-002-0133-y","volume":"12","author":"S Anders","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anders S, Tsokos M, P\u00fcschel K. Pathways of electric current through the body. Rechtsmedizin. 2002;12(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"558_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200112000-00007","volume":"22","author":"S Anders","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anders S, Matschke J, Tsokos M. Internal current mark in a case of suicide by electrocution. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2001;22:370\u20133.","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"558_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s001940000051","volume":"10","author":"S Anders","year":"2000","unstructured":"Anders S, Schulz F, Tsokos M. Intramuscular haemorrhages of vital origin in a case of suicide by electrocution. Rechtsmedizin. 2000;10:105\u20139.","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"issue":"2","key":"558_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050210","volume":"112","author":"K P\u00fcschel","year":"1999","unstructured":"P\u00fcschel K, Schulz F, Darrmann I, Tsokos M. Macromorphology and histology of intramuscular hemorrhages in cases of drowning. Int J Legal Med. 1999;112(2):101\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"558_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-011-0622-1","volume":"125","author":"F Schulz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schulz F, Buschmann CT, Braun C, P\u00fcschel K, Brinkmann B, Tsokos M. Haemorrhages into the back and auxiliary breathing muscles after death by hanging. Int J Legal Med. 2011;125:863\u201371.","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"558_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-017-1596-4","volume":"131","author":"L Z\u00e1topkov\u00e1","year":"2017","unstructured":"Z\u00e1topkov\u00e1 L, Hejna P, Palmiere C, Teresi\u0144ski G, Jan\u00edk M. Hypothermia provokes hemorrhaging in various core muscle groups: how many of them could we have missed? Int J Legal Med. 2017;131:1423\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"558_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-110-9_8","volume-title":"Forensic pathology reviews","author":"F Schulz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schulz F, Lach H, P\u00fcschel K. Nontraumatic intramuscular hemorrhages associated with death caused by internal diseases. In: Tsokos M, editor. Forensic pathology reviews. Totowa NJ: Humana Press; 2009. p. 129\u201336."},{"key":"558_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01642794","volume":"105","author":"G Fechner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fechner G, Bajanowski T, Brinkmann B. Immunohistochemical alterations after muscle trauma. 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Forensic Sci Int. 2002;125(2\u20133):163\u201371.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"558_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(94)90386-7","volume":"69","author":"B Madea","year":"1994","unstructured":"Madea B. Importance of supravitality in forensic medicine. 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The examination of the cases was performed as medicolegal autopsy according to the Indian law.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}