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However, some cases of BME were reported in the absence of trauma. Thus, a traumatic injury might not be necessary for developing BME.\u00a0This study discusses BME cases in patients without signs of fractures or blunt trauma. The discussion addresses various possible mechanisms for the appearance of BME. Options include cancer in which bone marrow metastasis is a suggestive cause. Another proposal is the chemical theory where bone marrow fats are released via lipoprotein lipase in a pro-inflammatory state, resulting in vascular\/pulmonary obstruction. Other cases discussed in this study are hypovolemic shock and drug-abuse related BME.\u00a0All autopsy cases with BME were included regardless of the cause of death for a period of 2\u00a0years. Autopsies involved complete dissection with the macroscopic evaluation of the affected organs, including the heart, lungs, and brain. Tissues were also prepared for microscopic examination.\u00a0Of the 11 cases, eight showed non-traumatic BME (72%). These findings conflict with theories in the literature that BME most commonly occurs after fractures or trauma. One of the eight cases exhibited mucinous carcinoma; one is presented with hepatocellular carcinoma; and two cases showed severe congestion. Lastly, one case was found to be associated with each of the following conditions: liposuction, drug abuse, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure.\u00a0Each case suggests a different pathophysiology for developing BME, yet the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. Further study of non-traumatic associated BME is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-023-00609-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T09:02:32Z","timestamp":1683104552000},"page":"387-399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bone marrow embolism: should it result from traumatic bone lesions? 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All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and was approved by the committee (serial no. 21\u20132021). There is no consent to participate as anonymous archived data was used in the current study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"None applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}