{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T04:06:55Z","timestamp":1783483615079,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Sci Med Pathol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-023-00622-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T08:01:57Z","timestamp":1682150517000},"page":"129-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative analysis of the pattern of intimate partner violence against women admitted to a tertiary hospital in Sri Lanka during and after the periods of COVID-19 lockdown"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6108-9059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indira","family":"Kitulwatte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangani","family":"Gangahawatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthulingam","family":"Thanushan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalini","family":"Thivaharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuruddhi","family":"Edirisinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanuka","family":"Dissanayke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchini","family":"Jayathilaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pabasara","family":"Wijayarathne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9339","key":"622_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11133-0","volume":"360","author":"EG Krug","year":"2002","unstructured":"Krug EG, Mercy JA, Dahlberg LL, Zwi AB. The world report on violence and health. Lancet. 2002;360(9339):1083\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11133-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"622_CR2","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/violence-against-women. Accessed on 20th September 2022."},{"key":"622_CR3","unstructured":"Department of Census and Statistics. Women\u2019s Well-being Survey \u2013 2019 Findings from Sri Lanka\u2019s first dedicated National Survey on Violence against Women and Girls. 2020. ISBN: 978-955-702-194-2. https:\/\/asiapacific.unfpa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pub-pdf\/srilanka_wws_2019_final_report.pdf. Accessed on 20th September 2022."},{"issue":"10","key":"622_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8590","volume":"29","author":"G Barbara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barbara G, Facchin F, Micci L, et al. COVID-19, lockdown, and intimate partner violence: some data from an Italian service and suggestions for future approaches. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2020;29(10):1239\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jwh.2020.8590.","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"622_CR5","unstructured":"Godin M. As cities around the world go on lockdown, victims of domestic violence look for a way out.\u00a0Time.\u00a02020. Available at: https:\/\/time.com\/5803887\/coronavirus-domestic-violence-victims Accessed 21 Oct\u00a02022. Google Scholar"},{"issue":"3","key":"622_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"taaa037","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa037","volume":"27","author":"H Lau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lau H, Khosrawipour V, Kocbach P, et al. The positive impact of lockdown in Wuhan on containing the COVID-19 outbreak in China. J Travel Med. 2020;27(3):taaa037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jtm\/taaa037.","journal-title":"J Travel Med."},{"key":"622_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Melnick ER, Ioannidis JPA. Should governments continue lockdown to slow the spread of COVID-19?\u00a0BMJ. 2020;369:m1924. Published 3\u00a0Jun 2020.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m1924.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1924"},{"key":"622_CR8","unstructured":"Peterman A, Potts A, O\u2019Donnell M, et al. Pandemics and violence against women and children. Center for Global Development Working Paper 528. Washington, DC: Centre for Global Development. 2020. https:\/\/www.cgdev.org\/publication\/pandemics-and-violence-against-women-and-children. Accessed on 20th October 2022."},{"key":"622_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roesch E, Amin A, Gupta J, Garc\u00eda-Moreno C. Violence against women during COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. BMJ. 2020;369:m1712. Published 7 May 2020.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m1712.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1712"},{"key":"622_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Gelder N, Peterman A, Potts A, et al. COVID-19: reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;21:100348. Published 2020 Apr 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100348.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100348"},{"issue":"4","key":"622_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12735","volume":"29","author":"K Usher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Usher K, Bhullar N, Durkin J, Gyamfi N, Jackson D. Family violence and COVID-19: increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2020;29(4):549\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inm.12735.","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"622_CR12","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/news\/in-focus\/in-focus-gender-equality-in-covid-19-response\/violence-against-women-during-covid-19. Accessed on 23 Oct 2022."},{"issue":"24","key":"622_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2024046","volume":"383","author":"ML Evans","year":"2020","unstructured":"Evans ML, Lindauer M, Farrell ME. A pandemic within a pandemic - intimate partner violence during COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(24):2302\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp2024046.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"622_CR14","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (\u200e2020)\u200e. COVID-19 and violence against women: what the health sector\/system can do, 7 April 2020. World Health Organization. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/331699. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Retrieved on 23 Oct 2022."},{"key":"622_CR15","unstructured":"Bringing the shadow pandemic to light. https:\/\/srilanka.unfpa.org\/en\/news\/bringing-shadow-pandemic-light. Accessed on 20th October 2022."},{"issue":"1","key":"622_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4038\/ajim.v1i1.27","volume":"1","author":"NP Weerasinghe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weerasinghe NP, Herath HMM, Champani RWR, Wickramasinghe MASN, Weerarathna TP, Palangasinghe D, et al. Impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on hospital admissions, hospital burden and deaths due to non-COVID illnesses in a tertiary care centre in Southern Sri Lanka. Asian Journal of Internal Medicine. 2022;1(1):18\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4038\/ajim.v1i1.27.","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"622_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Trafford L. Policing a pandemic: changes in police response to intimate partner violence (IPV) during the first lockdown in England. J Gend-Based Violence\u00a02022;6(3):442\u2013463.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1332\/239868021X16528069833875. Accessed Nov 2, 2022.","DOI":"10.1332\/239868021X16528069833875"},{"key":"622_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2021.106226","volume":"130","author":"T Das","year":"2021","unstructured":"Das T, Roy TB, Roy R. Reintegration with family and intimate partner violence (IPV) against women among the returnee migrant worker\u2019s family during COVID-19 induced lockdown: a Block-level analysis using multinomial logistic regression model. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2021;130: 106226.","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"622_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kapiga S, Harvey S, Muhammad AK, et al. Prevalence of intimate partner violence and abuse and associated factors among women enrolled into a cluster randomised trial in northwestern Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):190. Published 2017 Feb 14.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-017-4119-9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4119-9"},{"key":"622_CR20","unstructured":"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/77432\/WHO_RHR_12.36_eng.pdf. Accessed on 12th October 2022."},{"key":"622_CR21","first-page":"87","volume-title":"World report on violence and health","author":"L Heise","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heise L, Garcia MC, et al. Violence by intimate partners. In: Krug EG, et al., editors. World report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2002. p. 87\u2013121."},{"key":"622_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2020.104350","volume":"194","author":"E Arenas-Arroyo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arenas-Arroyo E, Fernandez-Kranz D, Nollenberger N. Intimate partner violence under forced cohabitation and economic stress: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. J Public Econ. 2021;194:104350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2020.104350.","journal-title":"J Public Econ."},{"issue":"3","key":"622_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1071\/SH21229","volume":"19","author":"CA O'Hara","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Hara CA, Tan RKJ. Intimate partner violence before and during the COVID-19 lockdown: findings from a cross-sectional study in Singapore. Sex Health. 2022;19(3):192\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/SH21229.","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"622_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gori A, Topino E, Caretti V. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on perceived stress: the role of defence mechanisms and coping strategies. J Contingencies Crisis Manag. 2021;1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1468-5973.12380.","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-5973.12380"},{"key":"622_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Glowacz F, Dziewa A, Schmits E. Intimate partner violence and mental health during lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(5):2535. Published 2022 Feb 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19052535.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052535"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-023-00622-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12024-023-00622-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-023-00622-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T09:41:36Z","timestamp":1710582096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12024-023-00622-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-023-00622-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-2891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-2891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}