{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T06:07:25Z","timestamp":1792303645839,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Sci Med Pathol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the turn of the year, injuries caused by fireworks occur in Germany every year. According to the professional associations, the Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, for example, treats an average of 50 injuries caused by fireworks on New Year\u2019s Eve. Patients come with burns, soft tissue injuries, or fractures; eyes and hands are particularly frequently affected. Again and again, there are also very serious or even fatal injuries. The background is usually the improper or illegal use of larger fireworks. Smaller fireworks such as sparklers, bangers, or smaller rockets are available in Germany in most supermarkets, and their use is permitted from the age of 12 or 18. However, the use of larger fireworks in Germany requires proof of an official permit to handle pyrotechnic objects, which is why they are often acquired abroad.\u00a0The following report describes such a case. Shortly after the turn of the year 2022, a young man died as a result of an explosive effect on the facial skull after using an illegal firework shell. The case is discussed with regard to the autopsy findings, the possible cause of the accident, and the type of firework used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-023-00633-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T12:02:12Z","timestamp":1683892932000},"page":"205-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Death on New Year\u2019s Eve caused by illegal fireworks\u2014a firework shell"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8673-8257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Ulbricht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Doberentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burkhard","family":"Madea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"633_CR1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/nachrichten\/99833\/Silvester-Hohes-Risiko-fuer-Haende-Augen-und-Gehoer. December 2018."},{"key":"633_CR2","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.zoll.de\/DE\/Privatpersonen\/Reisen\/Reisen-innerhalb-der-EU\/Einschraenkungen\/Feuerwerkskoerper\/faq_maginalspalte.html;jsessionid=324A7A39FC8F83D6E18EC095F723972F.internet061?nn=288054&faqCalledDoc=288054."},{"key":"633_CR3","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/Newsroom\/News-Releases\/2021\/Fireworks-Related-Injuries-and-Deaths-Spiked-During-the-COVID-19-Pandemic#. June 2021."},{"issue":"4","key":"633_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-020-00299-0","volume":"16","author":"AH Hillers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hillers AH, Leth PM. A review of deadly accidents involving fireworks in Denmark. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2020;16(4):659\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-020-00299-0. Epub 2020 Sep 30 PMID: 32997252.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"633_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000441","volume":"40","author":"L Hlavaty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hlavaty L, Kasper W, Sung L. Suicide by detonation of intraoral firecracker: case report and review of the literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2019;40(1):49\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000441. PMID: 30346307.","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"633_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14983J","volume":"46","author":"JM Blanco-Pamp\u00edn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blanco-Pamp\u00edn JM. Suicidal deaths using fireworks. J Forensic Sci. 2001;46(2):402\u20135. PMID: 11305452.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"633_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/002580240104100414","volume":"41","author":"SK Verma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Verma SK. Homicide by improvised explosive device made out of firecrackers. Med Sci Law. 2001;41(4):353\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002580240104100414. PMID: 11693233.","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"},{"key":"633_CR8","unstructured":"APA 87\u20131: Standard for construction and approval for transportation of fireworks and novelties, 49 CFR 173.56(j)(1). American Pyrotechnics Association. https:\/\/law.resource.org\/pub\/us\/cfr\/ibr\/002\/apa.87-1.2001.pdf."},{"issue":"5","key":"633_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-018-1780-1","volume":"132","author":"Y Ishida","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ishida Y, Kuninaka Y, Nosaka M, Shimada E, Hata S, Yamamoto H, Hashizume Y, Kimura A, Furukawa F, Kondo T. Forensic application of epidermal AQP3 expression to determination of wound vitality in human compressed neck skin. Int J Legal Med. 2018;132(5):1375\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-018-1780-1. Epub 2018 Jan 22 PMID: 29356947.","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"633_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prangenberg J, Doberentz E, Witte A, Madea B. Aquaporin 1 and 3 as local vitality markers in mechanical and thermal skin injuries. Int J Legal Med. 2021;135(5):1837\u20131842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-021-02588-x. Epub 2021 Apr 14. PMID: 33855630; PMCID: PMC8354899.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-021-02588-x"},{"key":"633_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karger B. Explosionsverletzungen. In: Brinkmann B, Madea B (Hrsg) Handbuch Gerichtliche Medizin, Vol. 1. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S. 2004;689\u201398.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45345-2_11"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"633_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S159","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199603001-00035","volume":"30","author":"GW Bowyer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bowyer GW, Cooper GJ, Rice P. Small fragment wounds: biophysics and pathophysiology. J Trauma. 1996;30(Suppl):S159\u201364.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"633_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199105000-00016","volume":"31","author":"BA Georgi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Georgi BA, Massad M, Obeid M. Ballistic trauma to the abdomen: shell fragments vs. bullets. J Trauma. 1991;31:711\u20135.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"633_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-196711000-00012","volume":"7","author":"JA Mendelson","year":"1967","unstructured":"Mendelson JA, Glover JL. Sphere and shell fragment wounds of soft tissues: experimental study. J Trauma. 1967;7:889\u2013914.","journal-title":"J Trauma"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-023-00633-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12024-023-00633-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-023-00633-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T09:41:50Z","timestamp":1710582110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12024-023-00633-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-023-00633-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-2891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-2891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 April 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Only data collected in the process of a routine medico-legal investigation ordered by the legal authorities are described in this case report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Only data collected in the process of a routine medico-legal investigation ordered by the legal authorities are described in this case report.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}