{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:08:04Z","timestamp":1791324484032,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Sci Med Pathol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-024-00782-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T05:02:13Z","timestamp":1707282133000},"page":"1140-1146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["On the forensic relevance of tattoos: distinguishing black inks with energy dispersive spectroscopy and backscattered scanning electron microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4111-5694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thais","family":"Pulcinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9000-8193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Gomes","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2024-9976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora Duarte","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3318-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo Evangelista","family":"Lagoeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5880-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deonir","family":"Agustini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3680-7020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhonan Ferreira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1417-2781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ademir","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"782_CR1","volume-title":"Manual of forensic odontology","author":"DR Senn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Senn DR, Weems RA. Manual of forensic odontology. 5th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2013.","edition":"5"},{"key":"782_CR2","volume-title":"Disaster victim identification guide","author":"International Criminal Police Organization","year":"2023","unstructured":"International Criminal Police Organization. Disaster victim identification guide. Lyon: INTERPOL; 2023."},{"key":"782_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s41935-023-00339-0","volume":"13","author":"MH Harudin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harudin MH, Franco A, Jaffar N, Noor MHM, Ibrahim MA, M\u00e2nica S. Volumetric assessment of canines using post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) for sexual dimorphism in a Malaysian population. Egypt J Forensic Sci. 2023;13:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41935-023-00339-0.","journal-title":"Egypt J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"782_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13310","volume":"62","author":"N Angelakopoulos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Angelakopoulos N, Franco A, Willems G, Fieuws S, Thevissen P. Clinically detectable dental identifiers observed in intra-oral photographs and extra-oral radiographs, validated for human identification purposes. J Forensic Sci. 2017;62:900\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13310.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"782_CR5","first-page":"32","volume":"24","author":"D Higgins","year":"2006","unstructured":"Higgins D, James H. Classifications used by Australian forensic odontologists in identification reports. J Forensic Odontostomatol. 2006;24:32\u20135.","journal-title":"J Forensic Odontostomatol"},{"key":"782_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2013.06.005","volume":"1","author":"RF Silva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Silva RF, Franco A, Dias PEM, Gon\u00e7alves AS, Paranhos LR. Interrelationship between forensic radiology and forensic odontology \u2013 a case report of identified skeletal remains. J Forensic Radiol Imag. 2013;1:201\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jofri.2013.06.005.","journal-title":"J Forensic Radiol Imag"},{"key":"782_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102022","volume":"74","author":"MM Rohith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rohith MM, Belcher WR, Roy J, Abraham SO, Chakraborty P, Nandaniya NJ, et al. Tattoo in forensic science: an Indian perspective. J Forensic Legal Med. 2020;74:102022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102022.","journal-title":"J Forensic Legal Med"},{"key":"782_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2009.5414140","author":"AK Jain","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jain AK, Lee JE, Jin R, Gregg N. Content-based image retrieval: an application to tattoo images. Cairo: IEEE. 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICIP.2009.5414140.","journal-title":"Cairo: IEEE"},{"key":"782_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2019.03.002","volume":"64","author":"GK Brookes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brookes GK, Thompson T. The impact of personal perception on the identification of tattoo pattern in human identification. J Forensic Legal Med. 2019;64:34\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2019.03.002.","journal-title":"J Forensic Legal Med"},{"key":"782_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-022-02814-0","volume":"136","author":"F Holz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Holz F, Carrillo-N\u00fa\u00f1ez GG, Pe\u00f1a EGM, Martinez AAR, Jim\u00e9nez IGDLP, Virgen RB, et al. A guide to classify tattoo motives in Mexico as a tool to identify unknown bodies. Int J Legal Med. 2022;136:1105\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-022-02814-0.","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"782_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.5114\/amsik.2017.75059","volume":"67","author":"WA Sadowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sadowski WA, Borowska-Solonynko AB. The meaning and classification of tattoos in the context of their suitability to identify corpses of unknown identity. Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol. 2017;67:281\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/amsik.2017.75059.","journal-title":"Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol"},{"key":"782_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-020-00396-y","volume":"30","author":"GC Birngruber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Birngruber GC, Pe\u00f1a EGM, Blanco LC, Holz F. The use of tattoos to identify unknown bodies. Rechtsmedizin. 2020;30:219\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00194-020-00396-y.","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"782_CR13","first-page":"48","volume":"227","author":"CG Birngruber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Birngruber CG, Ramsthaler F, Mattias K, Verhoff MA. Superimposition of ante- and post-mortem photographs of tattoos as a means of identification\u2013a case report. Arch Kriminol. 2011;227:48\u201354.","journal-title":"Arch Kriminol"},{"key":"782_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e220611","DOI":"10.47005\/220611","volume":"7","author":"MG Santiesteban","year":"2022","unstructured":"Santiesteban MG, Ileana DJV, Rodr\u00edguez PD, Javier IBR, Baltazar AJ, Rodr\u00edguez ED, et al. Identificacion forense en cad\u00e1veres no identificados a partir de tatuajes: reporte de un caso. Persp Med Legal Pericia Med. 2022;7:e220611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47005\/220611.","journal-title":"Persp Med Legal Pericia Med"},{"key":"782_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/00450610802047580","volume":"40","author":"ML McKechnie","year":"2008","unstructured":"McKechnie ML, Porter G, Langlois N. The detection of latent residue tattoo ink pigments in skin using invisible radiation photography. Aust J Forensic Sci. 2008;40:65\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00450610802047580.","journal-title":"Aust J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"782_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01869.x","volume":"56","author":"A Starkie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Starkie A, Birch W, Ferllini R, Thompson TJU. Investigation into the merits of infrared imaging in the investigation of tattoos postmortem. J Forensic Sci. 2011;56:1569\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01869.x.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"782_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3109\/17453054.2013.851654","volume":"36","author":"D Bryson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bryson D, Wright J, Barker K. The identification of tattoo designs under cover-up tattoos using digital infrared photography. J Vis Commun Med. 2013;36:104\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453054.2013.851654.","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Med"},{"key":"782_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12237","volume":"58","author":"H Clarkson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clarkson H, Birch W. Tattoos and human identification: investigation into the use of X-ray and infrared radiation in the visualization of tattoos. J Forensic Sci. 2013;58:1264\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12237.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"782_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-020-00347-9","volume":"17","author":"M Cullip","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cullip M, Tran V-C, Ball CG. Tattoo visualization using cross-polarized lighting and infrared photography. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2021;17:350\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-020-00347-9.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"782_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-019-02007-2","volume":"134","author":"F Holz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holz F, Birngruber CG, Ramsthaler F, Verhoff MA. Beneath cover-up tattoos: possibilities and limitations of various photographic techniques. Int J Leg Med. 2020;134:697\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-019-02007-2.","journal-title":"Int J Leg Med"},{"key":"782_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02187.x","volume":"38","author":"KM Kent","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kent KM, Graber EM. Laser tattoo removal: a review. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02187.x.","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"782_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.13148","volume":"289","author":"M \u010calkovsk\u00fd","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u010calkovsk\u00fd M, M\u00fcller E, Gerthsen D. Quantitative analysis of backscattered-electron contrast in scanning electron microscopy. J Microsc. 2023;289:32\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jmi.13148.","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"782_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1159\/000369319","volume":"48","author":"NR Jacobsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jacobsen NR, Clausen PA. Carbon black nanoparticles and other problematic constituents of black ink and their potential to harm tattooed humans. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2015;48:170\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000369319.","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"key":"782_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12178","volume":"22","author":"T H\u00f8gsberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"H\u00f8gsberg T, Jacobsen NR, Clausen PA, Serup J. Black tattoo inks induce reactive oxygen species production correlating with aggregation of pigment nanoparticles and product brand but not with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content. Exp Dermatol. 2013;22:464\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exd.12178.","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"782_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2010.01068.x","volume":"19","author":"J Regensburger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Regensburger J, Lehner K, Maisch T, Vasold R, Santarelli F, Engel E, et al. Tattoo inks contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that additionally generate deleterious singlet oxygen. Exp Dermatol. 2010;19:e275-281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2010.01068.x.","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"782_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-870448","volume":"31","author":"I Schmitz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schmitz I, Kovalchuk A, M\u00fcller KM, Epple M. Characterization of tattoo dyes \u2013 element analytical results. Akt Dermatol. 2005;31:514\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s\u22122005\u2212870448\u00b4ISSN0340\u22122541.","journal-title":"Akt Dermatol"},{"key":"782_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.08.034","volume":"407","author":"G Forte","year":"2009","unstructured":"Forte G, Petrucci F, Cristaudo A, Bocca B. Market survey on toxic metals contained in tattoo inks. Sci Total Environ. 2009;407:5997\u20136002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.08.034.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"782_CR28","unstructured":"Jacobsen E, Tonning K, Pedersen E, Bernth N, Serup J, Hogsberg T, et al. Chemical substances in tattoo ink, Report 116. Miljostyrelsen, Kobenhavn. 2012. https:\/\/mst.dk\/service\/publikationer\/publikationsarkiv\/2012\/jun\/chemical-substances-in-tattoo-ink\/"},{"key":"782_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/pubs.ArchDermatol","volume":"137","author":"AL Timko","year":"2001","unstructured":"Timko AL, Miller CH, Johnson FB, Ross V. In vitro quantitative chemical analysis of tattoo pigments. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137:143\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/pubs.ArchDermatol.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-024-00782-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12024-024-00782-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-024-00782-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T15:34:50Z","timestamp":1730302490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12024-024-00782-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-024-00782-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-2891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-2891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}