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Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms and characteristics of this phenomenon remain to be deeply studied. The autopsy case of a 46-year-old white male found irresponsive and unconscious in his house and had a history of abusing cocaine is presented. Autopsy findings showed aortic arch and thoracic aorta of regular calibre, with evidence of a mid-adventitial dissecting aneurysm of the ascending intrapericardial portion of the aorta. Forensic toxicological analyses evidenced a positivity to cocaine and its main metabolite, benzoylecgonine, in all fluids (peripheral blood, bile and urine), liver and brain homogenates. Data also evidenced a positivity to alcohol, confirming a past history of intake. The presented case confirms the connection between cocaine addiction and the risk of aortic dissection, emphasizing the need for increased knowledge about the risks connected to this drug. It is emphasized the need of prompt examination and effective treatment of patients exhibiting cardiac symptoms linked to cocaine use, as well as the need of an accurate anamnesis to evidence use\/abuse of other cardiotoxic substances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-025-00951-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T03:28:45Z","timestamp":1737602925000},"page":"1281-1286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cocaine and aortic dissection: the need for collaboration to overcome the underreporting bias"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Pascale","family":"Basilicata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6703-9917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariagrazia","family":"Marisei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Capasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Simonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"951_CR1","unstructured":"European Drug Report. 2023, available at https:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/publications\/european-drug-report\/2023\/cocaine_en"},{"key":"951_CR2","first-page":"32","volume":"844","author":"NL Benowitz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Benowitz NL. 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Personal data are anonymized and derive from judicial autopsy findings. Informed consent discipline does not apply to this case. All anonymized data are treated in accordance to the Italian Law and the GDPR (European General Data Protection Regulation 679\/2016).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}},{"value":"10: Forensics10.010: Pathology10.040: Toxicology","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Article classification"}}]}}