{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T18:33:59Z","timestamp":1776969239915,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Sci Med Pathol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-025-00966-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T21:58:50Z","timestamp":1740434330000},"page":"1256-1266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Invasive aspergillosis leading to fatal cerebral hemorrhage: a case report and comprehensive literature review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Pasin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8760-959X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Lorenzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Velotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Scotto Opipari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Di Pietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Tamiozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Nardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"966_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.90","volume":"15","author":"FL Van De Veerdonk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van De Veerdonk FL, Gresnigt MS, Romani L, Netea MG, Latg\u00e9 JP. Aspergillus Fumigatus morphology and dynamic host interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2017;15:661\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.90.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"966_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.2.310","volume":"12","author":"J-P Latg\u00e9","year":"1999","unstructured":"Latg\u00e9 J-P. Aspergillus Fumigatus and aspergillosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12(2):310\u2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.12.2.310. \u200950.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"966_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2005.06.017","volume":"8","author":"F Tekaia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tekaia F, Latg\u00e9 JP. Aspergillus Fumigatus: saprophyte or pathogen? Curr Opin Microbiol. 2005;8:385\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mib.2005.06.017.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"966_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taccone FS, Van den Abeele AM, Bulpa P, Misset B, Meersseman W, Cardoso T, Paiva JA, Blasco-Navalpotro M, De Laere E, Dimopoulos G, Rello J, Vogelaers D, Blot SI, Brusselaers N, Charles PE, Clause D, Courouble P, For\u00eat F, Li D, Martin C, Mashayekhi S, Paiva JA, Pasqualotto A, P\u00e9rez M, Rao R, d\u2019Hebron V, Souto J, Spapen H, Vandewoude K. Epidemiology of invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients: clinical presentation, underlying conditions, and outcomes. Crit Care. 2015;19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-014-0722-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0722-7"},{"key":"966_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-013-0432-0","volume":"41","author":"MT Montagna","year":"2013","unstructured":"Montagna MT, Caggiano G, Lovero G, De Giglio O, Coretti C, Cuna T, Iatta R, Giglio M, Dalfino L, Bruno F, Puntillo F. Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in the intensive care unit: results of a multicenter Italian survey (AURORA Project). Infection. 2013;41:645\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-013-0432-0.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"6","key":"966_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.34.550","volume":"34","author":"K Suzuki","year":"1995","unstructured":"Suzuki K, Iwabuchi N, Kuramochi S, Nakanoma J, Suzuki Y, Serizawa H, Hamada Y, Kumagai N, Takahashi M, Tsuchimoto K, Shimada H. Aspergillus aneurysm of the Middle cerebral artery causing a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Intern Med. 1995;34(6):550\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.34.550.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"966_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Urculo E, Aranzadi MJ, Ruiz I, Villanua J. Aspergillus granuloma of the cavernous sinus: magnetic resonance imaging with pathologic correlation. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005;147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-004-0449-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-004-0449-3"},{"key":"966_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.021725","volume":"88","author":"JA Sivak-Callcott","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sivak-Callcott JA, Livesley N, Nugent RA, Rasmussen SL, Saeed P, Rootman J. Localised invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis: characteristic features. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88:681\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2003.021725.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"966_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2012.07.008","volume":"40","author":"JH Jung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jung JH, Cho GS, Chung YS, Lee BJ. Clinical characteristics and outcome in patients with isolated sphenoid sinus aspergilloma. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2013;40:189\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anl.2012.07.008.","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"966_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1750707","volume":"13","author":"CT Nagaraja","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nagaraja CT, Ramalingaiah AH, Arimappamagan A, Mitra S, Shukla D, Srinivas D, Krishna SS, Mahadevan A. Spectrum of surgically resected lesions of the cavernous sinus: a neuropathologic audit. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2022;13:495\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1750707.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract"},{"key":"966_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh M, Zaita BM, Singh D, Singh A, Kaur G. Sphenoid Sinus Aspergilloma in an Immunocompetent and an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Report, Cureus. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.34517","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.34517"},{"issue":"4","key":"966_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200204000-00036","volume":"50","author":"E Erdogan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Erdogan E, Beyzadeoglu M, Arpaci F, Celasun B. Cerebellar aspergillosis: case report and literature review. Neurosurgery. 2002;50(4):874\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006123-200204000-00036.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"966_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(96)80004-X","volume":"41","author":"LA Levin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Levin LA, Avery R, Shore JW, Woog JJ, Baker AS. The spectrum of orbital aspergillosis: a clinicopathological review. Surv Ophthalmol. 1996;41(2):142\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0039-6257(96)80004-X.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"966_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979004100810","volume":"41","author":"ME Dyken","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dyken ME, Biller J, Yuh WT, Fincham R, Moore SA, Justin E. Carotid-cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by aspergillus fumigatus: magnetic resonance imaging with pathologic correlation\u2013a case report. Angiology. 1990;41(8):652\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000331979004100810.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"966_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940911800309","volume":"118","author":"T-J Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee T-J, Huang S-F, Chang P-H. Characteristics of isolated sphenoid sinus aspergilloma: report of twelve cases and literature review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2009;118(3):211\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348940911800309.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"966_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.52.1.0120","volume":"52","author":"LN Sekhar","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sekhar LN, Dujovny M, Rao GR. Carotid-cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by Aspergillus Fumigatus Case report. J Neurosurg. 1980;52(1):120\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1980.52.1.0120.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"966_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2003.15.1.71","volume":"15","author":"G Dimopoulos","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dimopoulos G, Piagnerelli M, Berr\u00e9 J, Eddafali B, Salmon I, Vincent JL. Disseminated aspergillosis in intensive care unit patients: an autopsy study. J Chemother. 2003;15:71\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/joc.2003.15.1.71.","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"issue":"9398","key":"966_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14904-5","volume":"362","author":"MS Lionakis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lionakis MS, Kontoyiannis DP. Glucocorticoids and invasive fungal infections. Lancet. 2003;362(9398):1828\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14904-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"966_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12927","volume":"62","author":"EE Tejerina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tejerina EE, Abril E, Padilla R, Rodr\u00edguez Ru\u00edz C, Ballen A, Frutos-Vivar F, Lorente J\u00c1, Esteban A. Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients: an autopsy study. Mycoses. 2019;62:673\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.12927.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"966_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000053026.02658.4B","volume":"52","author":"M Petrick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Petrick M, Honegger J, Daschner F, Feuerhake F, Zentner J, Almqvist P, Camins MB, Westphal M. Fungal granuloma of the sphenoid sinus and clivus in a patient presenting with cranial nerve III paresis: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 2003;52:955\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000053026.02658.4B.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"966_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.002","volume":"24","author":"AJ Ullmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ullmann AJ, Aguado JM, Arikan-Akdagli S, Denning DW, Groll AH, Lagrou K, Lass-Fl\u00f6rl C, Lewis RE, Munoz P, Verweij PE, Warris A, Ader F, Akova M, Arendrup MC, Barnes RA, Beigelman-Aubry C, Blot S, Bouza E, Br\u00fcggemann RJM, Buchheidt D, Cadranel J, Castagnola E, Chakrabarti A, Cuenca-Estrella M, Dimopoulos G, Fortun J, Gangneux JP, Garbino J, Heinz WJ, Herbrecht R, Heussel CP, Kibbler CC, Klimko N, Kullberg BJ, Lange C, Lehrnbecher T, L\u00f6ffler J, Lortholary O, Maertens J, Marchetti O, Meis JF, Pagano L, Ribaud P, Richardson M, Roilides E, Ruhnke M, Sanguinetti M, Sheppard DC, Sink\u00f3 J, Skiada A, Vehreschild MJGT, Viscoli C, Cornely OA. Diagnosis and management of aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24:e1\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.002.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"966_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.39.7.774","volume":"39","author":"J Lowe","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lowe J, Bradley J. Cerebral and orbital aspergillus infection due to invasive aspergillosis of ethmoid sinus. J Clin Pathol. 1986;39:774\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.39.7.774.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"966_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2019.09.004","volume":"26","author":"S Tambuzzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tambuzzi S, Boracchi M, Maciocco F, Tonello C, Gentile G, Zoja R. Fungal aneurism of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). Med Mycol case Rep. 2019;26:25\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mmcr.2019.09.004.","journal-title":"Med Mycol case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"966_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1982.tb02717.x","volume":"6","author":"SS Fernando","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fernando SS, Lauer CS. Aspergillus fumigatus infection of the optic nerve with mycotic arteritis of cerebral vessels. Histopathology. 1982;6(2):227\u2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1982.tb02717.x. \u200934.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"966_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(87)90312-0","volume":"28","author":"N Corvisier","year":"1987","unstructured":"Corvisier N, Gray F, Gherardi R, Lebras F, Blanc CM, Nguyen JP, Poirier J. Aspergillosis of Ethmoid Sinus and Optic nerve, with arteritis and rupture of the Internal Carotid Artery. Surg Neurol. 1987;28(4):311\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0090-3019(87)90312-0.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"966_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.31.346","volume":"31","author":"Y Komatsu","year":"1991","unstructured":"Komatsu Y, Narushima K, Kobayashi E, Tomono Y, Nose T. Komatsu Aspergillus mycotic aneurysm\u2013case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1991;31(6):346\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2176\/nmc.31.346.","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"12","key":"966_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.32.904","volume":"32","author":"A Masago","year":"1992","unstructured":"Masago A, Fukuoka H, Yoshida T, Majima K, Tada T, Nagai H. Intracranial mycotic aneurysm caused by aspergillus\u2013case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1992;32(12):904\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2176\/nmc.32.904.","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"2","key":"966_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050025","volume":"42","author":"S Chandra","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chandra S, Goyal M, Mishra NK, Gaikwad SB. Invasive aspergillosis presenting as a cavernous sinus mass in immuno competent individuals; report of 3 cases. Neuroradiology. 2000;42(2):108\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002340050025.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"966_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Satoh H, Uozumi T, Kiya K, Kurisu K, Sumida M, Nakahara A. Invasive aspergilloma of the frontal base causing internal carotid artery occlusion. Invasive aspergilloma of the frontal base causing internal carotid artery occlusion. Surg Neurol. 1995;44(5):483-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0090-3019(95)00004-6. n.d.","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(95)00004-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"966_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1969.00990020304002","volume":"82","author":"WR Green","year":"1969","unstructured":"Green WR, Font RL, Zimmerman LE. Aspergillosis of the Orbit Report of ten cases and review of the literature. Arch Ophthalmol. 1969;82(3):302\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.1969.00990020304002.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-025-00966-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12024-025-00966-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-025-00966-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T03:04:12Z","timestamp":1759460652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12024-025-00966-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["966"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-025-00966-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-2891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-2891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 February 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The patient\u2019s son signed a written informed consent form approving this publication for scientific purposes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}