{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:30:08Z","timestamp":1789828208261,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Sci Med Pathol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-025-01031-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T03:03:50Z","timestamp":1749179030000},"page":"1863-1879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Advancements in craniofacial reconstruction: approaches and applications in forensics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Noreen","family":"Asghar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2939-241X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saadia","family":"Noreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umar","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faryad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1031_CR1","first-page":"26","volume":"9","author":"S Gupta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gupta S, Gupta V, Vij H, Vij R, Tyagi N. Forensic facial reconstruction: the final frontier. JCDR. 2015;9:26\u20138.","journal-title":"JCDR"},{"key":"1031_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahal A, McNevin D, Chikhani M, Ward J. An interdisciplinary forensic approach for human remains identification and missing persons investigations. WIREs. 2\u201323;5:1484.","DOI":"10.1002\/wfs2.1484"},{"key":"1031_CR3","first-page":"980","volume":"104","author":"K Kreutz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kreutz K, Verhoff MA. Forensic facial reconstruction-identification based on skeletal findings. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT-KOLN. 2007;104:980\u20135.","journal-title":"DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT-KOLN"},{"key":"1031_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12834","volume":"97","author":"MK Richardson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Richardson MK, Keuck G. The revolutionary developmental biology of W Ilhelm H is, Sr. Biol Rev. 2022;97:1131\u201360.","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"1031_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-023-03087-x","volume":"138","author":"TWPT Hona","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hona TWPT, Stephan CN. Global facial soft tissue thicknesses for craniofacial identification (2023): a review of 140 years of data since welcker\u2019s first study. Int J Legal Med. 2024;138:519\u201335.","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"1031_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor KT. Forensic Art and illustration. CRC; 2000.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420036954"},{"key":"1031_CR7","unstructured":"Thimmesch D. 3D Printing Takes the Place of Traditional Clay Modeling in Forensic Facial Reconstruction. 3Dprint. com: site\/3DR Holdings, LLC. 2014. URL: https:\/\/3dprint.com\/20664\/3d-printing-facial-reconstruct"},{"key":"1031_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2024.112026","volume":"359","author":"TM Mbonani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mbonani TM, LAbbe EN, Ridel AF. Automated reconstruction: predictive models based on facial morphology matrices. Forensic Sci Int. 2024;359:112026.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1031_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1080\/20961790.2018.1469185","volume":"3","author":"M de Buhan","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Buhan M, Nardoni C. A facial reconstruction method based on new mesh deformation techniques. Forensic Sci Res. 2018;3:256\u201373.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Res"},{"key":"1031_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01672.x","volume":"56","author":"H Ullrich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ullrich H, Stephan CN. On gerasimov\u2019s plastic facial reconstruction technique: new insights to facilitate repeatability. J Forensic Sci. 2011;56:470\u20134.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"1031_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damas S, Cordon O, Ibanez O, Damas S, Cordon O, Ibanez O. Craniofacial Superimposition Techniques. Handbook on Craniofacial Superimposition: The MEPROCS Project. 2020. 51\u201384.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11137-7_4"},{"key":"1031_CR12","unstructured":"Saunders S. 3D printing and forensic reconstruction put to work in Ohio Cold case. 3DPrint.com| the Voice of 3D Printing \/ Additive Manufacturing. 2021. https:\/\/3dprint.com\/158185\/3d-printing-facial-reconstruction\/"},{"key":"1031_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0270980","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270980","volume":"17","author":"DS Moritsugui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moritsugui DS, Fugiwara FVG, Vassallo FNS, Mazzilli LEN, Beaini TL, Melani RFH. Facial soft tissue thickness in forensic facial reconstruction: impact of regional differences in Brazil. PLoS ONE. 2022;17:e0270980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0270980.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1031_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9081188","volume":"9","author":"I Adjabi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adjabi I, Ouahabi A, Benzaoui A, Taleb-Ahmed A. Past, present, and future of face recognition: A review. Electronics. 2020;9:1188.","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"1031_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10121269","volume":"10","author":"N Bacci","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bacci N, Davimes JG, Steyn M, Briers N. Forensic facial comparison: current status, limitations, and future directions. Biology. 2021;10:269\u201371.","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"1031_CR16","first-page":"117955061882193","volume":"12","author":"P Charlier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Charlier P, Froesch P, Benmoussa N, Morin S, Augias A, Ubelmann Y, Deo S. Computer-aided facial reconstruction of Mary-Magdalene relics following hair and skull analyses. Clin Med Insights: Ear Nose Throat. 2019;12:1179550618821933.","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights: Ear Nose Throat"},{"key":"1031_CR17","first-page":"220","volume":"22","author":"JY Ryu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ryu JY, Chung HY, Choi KY. Potential role of artificial intelligence in craniofacial surgery. ACSF. 2021;22:220\u20133.","journal-title":"ACSF"},{"key":"1031_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shui W, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhou. M. A computerized facial approximation method for archaic humans based on dense facial soft tissue thickness depths. Archaeol Anthropol Sci. 2021;13:1\u201320.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12520-021-01450-w"},{"key":"1031_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01182.x","volume":"216","author":"C Wilkinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wilkinson C. Facial reconstruction\u2013anatomical Art or Artistic anatomy? J Anat. 2010;216:235\u201350.","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"1031_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"S Rinchon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rinchon S, Arpita S, Mahipal S, Rajeev K. 3D forensic facial reconstruction: A review of the traditional sculpting methods and recent computerised developments. Int J Forens Sci. 2018;3:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Forens Sci"},{"key":"1031_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18605\/2175-7275\/cereus.v16n2p1-17","volume":"16","author":"S Deshmukh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deshmukh S, Pisulkar SG, Dubey SA, Beri A, Bansod A. Digitalization in cranial reconstruction: revolutionizing precision and innovation. Cureus. 2024;16:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1031_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25589","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09189-7","volume":"79","author":"W Shui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shui W, Zhou M, Maddock S, Ji Y, Deng Q, Li K, Wu X. A computerized craniofacial reconstruction method for an unidentified skull based on statistical shape models. Multimedia Tools Appl. 2020;79:25589\u2013611.","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl"},{"key":"1031_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0210257","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210257","volume":"14","author":"T Gietzen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gietzen T, Brylka R, Achenbach J, Zum Hebel K, Schomer E, Botsch M, Schulze R. A method for automatic forensic facial reconstruction based on dense statistics of soft tissue thickness. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0210257.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1031_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-006-0007-9","volume":"2","author":"C Wilkinson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wilkinson C, Rynn C, Peters H, Taister M, Kau CH, Richmond S. A blind accuracy assessment of computer-modeled forensic facial reconstruction using computed tomography data from live subjects. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2006;2:179\u201387.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"1031_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stlm.2022.100083","volume":"8","author":"G Simon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Simon G, Poor VS. Applications of 3D printing in forensic medicine and forensic pathology. A systematic review. Annals 3D Print Med. 2022;8:100083.","journal-title":"Annals 3D Print Med"},{"key":"1031_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2020.0186","volume":"26","author":"C Shen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shen C, Witek L, Flores RL, Tovar N, Torroni A, Coelho PG, Young S. Three-dimensional printing for craniofacial bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A. 2020;26:1303\u201311.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"1031_CR27","first-page":"100006","volume":"1","author":"G Jani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jani G, Johnson A, Marques J, Franco A. Three-dimensional (3D) printing in forensic science\u2013An emerging technology in India. Ann Med. 2021;1:100006.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"1031_CR28","first-page":"382","volume":"93","author":"MA Papadopoulos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Papadopoulos MA, Christou PK, Christou PK, Athanasiou AE, Boettcher P, Zeilhofer HF, Papadopulos NA. Three-dimensional craniofacial reconstruction imaging. oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology. Oral Radiol Endodontology. 2002;93:382\u201393.","journal-title":"Oral Radiol Endodontology"},{"key":"1031_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6586","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01171","volume":"9","author":"BV Slavin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Slavin BV, Ehlen QT, Costello JP, Nayak VV, Bonfante EA, Benalcazar Jalkh EB, Runyan CM, Witek L, Coelho PG. 3D printing applications for craniomaxillofacial reconstruction: A sweeping review. ACS Biomaterials Sci Eng. 2023;9:6586\u2013609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01171.","journal-title":"ACS Biomaterials Sci Eng"},{"key":"1031_CR30","first-page":"12","volume":"14","author":"T Kamio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamio T, Onda T. Fused deposition modeling 3D printing in oral and maxillofacial surgery: problems and solutions. Cureus. 2022;14:12\u201330.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1031_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4103\/jfo.jfds_2_16","volume":"10","author":"S Gouse","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gouse S, Karnam S, Girish HC, Murgod S. Forensic photography: prospect through the lens. JFDS. 2018;10:2\u20134.","journal-title":"JFDS"},{"key":"1031_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-023-01838-9","volume":"110","author":"A Guleria","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guleria A, Krishan K, Sharma V, Kanchan T. Methods of forensic facial reconstruction and human identification: historical background, significance, and limitations. Sci Nat. 2023;110:8\u201314.","journal-title":"Sci Nat"},{"key":"1031_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1371540","volume":"7","author":"YS Jayaratne","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jayaratne YS, Zwahlen RA. Application of digital anthropometry for craniofacial assessment. CMTR. 2014;7:101\u20137.","journal-title":"CMTR"},{"key":"1031_CR34","unstructured":"Moyers DK. Validation Study of ReFace (Reality Enhanced Facial Approximation by Computational Estimation), 2007."},{"key":"1031_CR35","unstructured":"May N. Mystery of Somerton man\u2019s identity solved after 73 years, researchers in Australia say. The Guardian. 2022. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2022\/jul\/27\/somerton-man-mystery-identity-solved-identified-australia"},{"key":"1031_CR36","first-page":"100225","volume":"4","author":"AL Rodriguez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodriguez AL, Smiley-McDonald HM, Cummings MS, Wire S, Slack D, Williams CL, Ropero-Miller JD. Understanding unidentified human remains investigations through the united States census data. FSISYN. 2022;4:100225.","journal-title":"FSISYN"},{"key":"1031_CR37","unstructured":"Hughes C, Nalewicki J. 45 amazing facial reconstructions, from stone age shamans to King Tut. livescience.com. 2024. https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/gallery-of-reconstructions"},{"key":"1031_CR38","unstructured":"Vandenbeusch M, Semat A, Maitland MSC, Maitland MT. Pharaoh: King of ancient Egypt. Yale University Press; 2016."},{"key":"1031_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-019-0189-1","volume":"41","author":"S Alhayek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alhayek S, Alsalem M, Alotaibi Y, Omair A. Evaluation of facial appearance in patients with repaired cleft lip and palate: comparing the assessment of laypeople and healthcare professionals. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;41:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40902-019-0189-1.","journal-title":"Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"1031_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2021.07.013","volume":"11","author":"CA Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu CA, Dutta R, Virk S, Roy N, Ranganathan K. The need for craniofacial trauma and oncologic reconstruction in global surgery. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2021;11:563\u20137.","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"1031_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12613","volume":"14","author":"B Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen B, Gao Q, Song H, Xu M. Retrospective study of experience of craniofacial reconstruction. Int Wound J. 2017;14:399\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iwj.12613.","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"1031_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56120639","volume":"56","author":"L Losco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Losco L, Bolletta A, Pierazzi DM, Spadoni D, Cuomo R, Marcasciano M, Cavalieri E, Roxo AC, Ciamarra P, Cantisani C, Cigna E. Reconstruction of the nose: management of nasal cutaneous defects according to aesthetic subunit and defect size. Rev Med (Kaunas Lithuania). 2020;56:630\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina56120639.","journal-title":"Rev Med (Kaunas Lithuania)"},{"key":"1031_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14080849","volume":"14","author":"Y Gugliotta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gugliotta Y, Zavattero E, Ramieri G, Borbon C, Gerbino G. Cranio-Maxillo-Facial reconstruction with polyetheretherketone Patient-Specific implants: aesthetic and functional outcomes. J Pers Med. 2024;14:849.","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"1031_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2018.10.008","volume":"59","author":"DH Ubelaker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ubelaker DH, Shamlou A, Kunkle AE. Forensic anthropology in the global investigation of humanitarian and human rights abuse: perspective from the published record. Sci Justice. 2019;59:203\u20139.","journal-title":"Sci Justice"},{"key":"1031_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.11.003","volume":"269","author":"WJ Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee WJ, Wilkinson CM. The unfamiliar face effect on forensic craniofacial reconstruction and recognition. Forensic Sci Int. 2016;269:21\u201330.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1031_CR46","unstructured":"Vogen M. (2023) Lady of the Dunes is Identified. DNASolves.com. https:\/\/dnasolves.com\/articles\/ruth-marie-terry-lady-of-the-dunes\/"},{"key":"1031_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.03.023","volume":"252","author":"C Wilkinson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilkinson C, Lofthouse A. The use of craniofacial superimposition for disaster victim identification. Forensic Sci Int. 2015;252:187\u2013e1.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1031_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2010.06.005","volume":"59","author":"K Harvati","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harvati K, Hublin JJ, Gunz P. Evolution of middle-late pleistocene human cranio-facial form: A 3-D approach. J Hum Evol. 2010;59:445\u201364.","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"1031_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood B. Reconstructing human evolution: achievements, challenges, and opportunities. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010;107(supplement2):8902\u20139.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1001649107"},{"key":"1031_CR50","unstructured":"Sorrentino R, Stephens NB, Marchi D, Demars LJD, Figus C, Bortolini E, Benazzi S. Unraveling the morpho-functional traits of the neanderthal talus. PaleoAnthropology. 2021;4:252\u20133."},{"key":"1031_CR51","unstructured":"The Associated Press. Another victim of serial killer John Wayne gacy\u2019s has been identified using DNA. NPR. 2021. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/10\/25\/1049100466\/dna-victim-serial-killer-john-wayne-gacy"},{"key":"1031_CR52","unstructured":"Lineup. A body in kentucky: the 30-Year-Long mystery of tent girl. HuffPost. 2017. https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/a-body-in-kentucky-the-30_b_11389174"},{"key":"1031_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01971.x","volume":"57","author":"W-J Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee W-J, Wilkinson CM, Hwang HS. An accuracy assessment of forensic computerized facial reconstruction employing cone\u2010beam computed tomography from live subjects. J Forensic Sci. 2012;57:318\u201327.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"1031_CR54","first-page":"387","volume":"5","author":"MC Charleston","year":"2025","unstructured":"Charleston MC, Paredes DGO. Comparative analysis between traditional surgical planning and 3D biomodeling in craniomaxillofacial reconstruction. E Y P RCA. 2025;5:387\u201398.","journal-title":"E Y P RCA"},{"key":"1031_CR55","first-page":"256","volume":"3","author":"M Buhan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buhan M, Nardoni C. A facial reconstruction method based on new mesh deformation techniques. FSR. 2018;3:256\u201373.","journal-title":"FSR"},{"key":"1031_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kayser M, Forensic. DNA phenotyping: predicting human appearance from crime scene material for investigative purposes. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2015;18:33\u201348.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2015.02.003"},{"key":"1031_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgan J. Wrongful convictions and claims of false or misleading forensic evidence. J Forensic Sci. 2023;68:908\u201361.","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15233"},{"key":"1031_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-023-01838-9","volume":"2","author":"A Guleria","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guleria A, Krishan K, Sharma V, Kanchan T. Methods of forensic facial reconstruction and human identification: historical background, significance, and limitations. Sci Nat. 2023;2:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00114-023-01838-9.","journal-title":"Sci Nat"},{"key":"1031_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2022.04.004","volume":"21","author":"CM Hurley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hurley CM, Walsh RM, Shine NP, ONeill JP, Martin F, OSullivan JB. Current trends in craniofacial reconstruction. Surgeon. 2023;21:118\u201325.","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"1031_CR60","unstructured":"Griffith C. Revealing Ancient Faces: He reconstruction of a Neandertal. Expedition Magazine. Retrieved November 8, 2024, from https:\/\/www.penn.museum\/sites\/expedition\/revealing-ancient-faces\/"},{"key":"1031_CR61","first-page":"205","volume":"20","author":"S Bastawrous","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bastawrous S. Utility and costs benchmarked in a new 3D printing service optimizing the path forward. JACR. 2023;20:205\u20136.","journal-title":"JACR"},{"key":"1031_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462320000331","volume":"36","author":"C Serrano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Serrano C, Fontenay S, Brink H, Pineau J, Prognon P, Martelli N. Evaluation of 3D printing costs in surgery: a systematic review. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2020;36:349\u201355.","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"key":"1031_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04987.x","volume":"177","author":"GJ Southwick","year":"2002","unstructured":"Southwick GJ, Pethick AJ, Thalayasingam P, Vijayasekaran VS, Hogg JH. Australian Doctors in bali: the initial medical response to the Bali bombing. Med J Aus. 2002;177:624\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04987.x.","journal-title":"Med J Aus"},{"key":"1031_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mackinnon G, Mundorff A. The World Trade Center\u2013September 11, 2001. Forensic Human Identification: An Introduction. BAHID. 2007:485\u2013499.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420005714.ch28"},{"key":"1031_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2011.199","volume":"210","author":"J Hinchliffe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hinchliffe J. Forensic odontology, part 2. Major disasters. BDJ. 2011;210:269\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bdj.2011.199.","journal-title":"BDJ"},{"key":"1031_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000009597","volume":"34","author":"H Arjmand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arjmand H, Clement A, Hardisty M, Fialkov JA, Whyne CM. Artificial Intelligence\u2013Based modeling can predict face shape based on underlying craniomaxillofacial bone. J Craniofac Surg. 2023;34:1915\u201321.","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"1031_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14010136","volume":"14","author":"A Alshehhi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alshehhi A, Almarzooqi A, Alhammadi K, Werghi N, Tay GK, Alsafar H. Advancement in human face prediction using DNA. Genes. 2023;14:136.","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"1031_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Claes P, Hill H, Shriver MD. Toward DNA-based facial composites: preliminary results and validation. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2014;13208\u2013216.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2014.08.008"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01031-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01031-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01031-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T03:14:16Z","timestamp":1768360456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01031-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01031-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-2891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-2891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There is no ethical issue.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The author declares no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}