{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:06:10Z","timestamp":1777867570112,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Indian Council of Medical Research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Indian Council of Medical Research"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Sci Med Pathol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-025-01051-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:58:54Z","timestamp":1754614734000},"page":"219-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Forensic analysis of formalin-fixed non-paraffin-embedded tissues: a comparative study of STR and mtDNA profiling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Kangana","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Braja Kishore","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harpreet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chittaranjan","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1051_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2014.01.002","volume":"47","author":"M Shabihkhani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shabihkhani M, Lucey GM, Wei B, et al. The procurement, storage, and quality assurance of frozen blood and tissue biospecimens in pathology, biorepository, and biobank settings. Clin Biochem. 2014;47:258\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2014.01.002.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"1051_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2014.223040","volume":"61","author":"H Do","year":"2015","unstructured":"Do H, Dobrovic A. Sequence artifacts in DNA from Formalin-Fixed tissues: causes and strategies for minimization. Clin Chem. 2015;61:64\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2014.223040.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"1051_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.02.011","volume":"262","author":"M Alqaydi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alqaydi M, Roy R. Quantitative and qualitative study of STR DNA from ethanol and formalin fixed tissues. Forensic Sci Int. 2016;262:18\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.02.011.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1051_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e377","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.377","volume":"2","author":"WF Craft","year":"2014","unstructured":"Craft WF, Conway JA, Dark MJ. Comparison of histomorphology and DNA preservation produced by fixatives in the veterinary diagnostic laboratory setting. PeerJ. 2014;2:e377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.377.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"1051_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-0848.2016.00023.3","volume":"38","author":"F Noor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Noor F, Garg RK, Ullah S, Khan RA. Challenges and issues in DNA extracted from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded human tissues for forensic investigations. Jou Indian Acad Foren Med. 2016;38:89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5958\/0974-0848.2016.00023.3.","journal-title":"Jou Indian Acad Foren Med"},{"key":"1051_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64472-0","volume":"161","author":"M Srinivasan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Srinivasan M, Sedmak D, Jewell S. Effect of fixatives and tissue processing on the content and integrity of nucleic acids. Am J Pathol. 2002;161:1961\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64472-0.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1051_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2014.01.022","volume":"70","author":"WJ Howat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Howat WJ, Wilson BA. Tissue fixation and the effect of molecular fixatives on downstream staining procedures. Methods. 2014;70:12\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymeth.2014.01.022.","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"1051_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.43.65","volume":"43","author":"Y Nitta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nitta Y, Tanaka H, Masuda Y, Hoshi M. The quality of DNA recovered from the archival tissues of atomic bomb survivors is good enough for the single nucleotide polymorphism analysis in spite of the decade-long preservation in formalin. J Radiat Res. 2002;43:65\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1269\/jrr.43.65.","journal-title":"J Radiat Res"},{"key":"1051_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7314","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7314","volume":"7","author":"A Amorim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amorim A, Fernandes T, Taveira N. Mitochondrial DNA in human identification: a review. PeerJ. 2019;7:e7314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.7314.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"1051_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pikor LA, Enfield KSS, Cameron H, Lam WL. DNA extraction from paraffin embedded material for genetic and epigenetic analyses. JoVE. 2011;2763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/2763.","DOI":"10.3791\/2763"},{"key":"1051_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang HW, Xu Y, Zhang HF, et al. Improved protocol for extracting genomic DNA from frozen formalin-fixed tissue resulting in high-quality whole MtDNA. Genet Mol Res. 2016;15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4238\/gmr.15037972.","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr.15037972"},{"key":"1051_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.2144\/02333rr03","volume":"33:604","author":"S-G Fang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fang S-G, Wan Q-H, Fujihara N. Formalin removal from archival tissue by critical point drying. Biotechniques. 2002;33:604:606, 608\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2144\/02333rr03.","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"1051_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e537","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000537","volume":"2","author":"MTP Gilbert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gilbert MTP, Haselkorn T, Bunce M, et al. The isolation of nucleic acids from fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues-which methods are useful when? PLoS ONE. 2007;2:e537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0000537.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1051_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-516-9_11","volume":"840","author":"PF Campos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Campos PF, Gilbert TMP. DNA extraction from formalin-fixed material. Methods Mol Biol. 2012;840:81\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-61779-516-9_11.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"1051_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3597-0_4","volume":"1420","author":"D McNevin","year":"2016","unstructured":"McNevin D. Preservation of and DNA extraction from muscle tissue. Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1420:43\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-3597-0_4.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"1051_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2009.01.011","volume":"3","author":"C Berger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berger C, Parson W. Mini-midi-mito: adapting the amplification and sequencing strategy of MtDNA to the degradation state of crime scene samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2009;3:149\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsigen.2009.01.011.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int Genet"},{"key":"1051_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2007.01.018","volume":"1","author":"W Parson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Parson W, D\u00fcr A. EMPOP\u2014A forensic MtDNA database. Forensic Sci International: Genet. 2007;1:88\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsigen.2007.01.018.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci International: Genet"},{"key":"1051_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2009.06.003","volume":"4","author":"K Duval","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duval K, Aubin RA, Elliott J, et al. Optimized manual and automated recovery of amplifiable DNA from tissues preserved in buffered formalin and alcohol-based fixative. Forensic Sci International: Genet. 2010;4:80\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsigen.2009.06.003.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci International: Genet"},{"key":"1051_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08491-5","volume":"50","author":"K Vito\u0161evi\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vito\u0161evi\u0107 K, Todorovi\u0107 D, Slovi\u0107 \u017d, et al. The quality of DNA isolated from autopsy formalin-fixed and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues: study of 1662 samples. Mol Biol Rep. 2023;50:6323\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-023-08491-5.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"1051_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2018.09.005","volume":"120","author":"K Vito\u0161evi\u0107","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vito\u0161evi\u0107 K, Todorovi\u0107 M, Varljen T, et al. Effect of formalin fixation on Pcr amplification of DNA isolated from healthy autopsy tissues. Acta Histochem. 2018;120:780\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acthis.2018.09.005.","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"1051_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigss.2019.09.124","volume":"7","author":"M Konarzewska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Konarzewska M, Jagielska Z, Malewski T, et al. Formalin fixed histological specimens in DNA profiling of cadavers. Forensic Sci International: Genet Supplement Ser. 2019;7:325\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsigss.2019.09.124.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci International: Genet Supplement Ser"},{"key":"1051_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(11)80118-4","volume":"189","author":"M Koshiba","year":"1993","unstructured":"Koshiba M, Ogawa K, Hamazaki S, et al. The effect of formalin fixation on DNA and the extraction of High-molecular-weight DNA from fixed and embedded tissues. Pathol - Res Pract. 1993;189:66\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0344-0338(11)80118-4.","journal-title":"Pathol - Res Pract"},{"key":"1051_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(01)00641-7","volume":"125","author":"B Legrand","year":"2002","unstructured":"Legrand B, de Mazancourt P, Durigon M, et al. DNA genotyping of unbuffered formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Forensic Sci Int. 2002;125:205\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0379-0738(01)00641-7.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1051_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.5B6726.2005","volume":"54","author":"F Miething","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miething F, Hering S, Hanschke B, Dressler J. Effect of fixation to the degradation of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in different tissues. J Histochem Cytochem. 2006;54:371\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1369\/jhc.5B6726.2005.","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"1051_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taguchi M, Inoue H, Motani-Saitoh H, et al. DNA identification of formalin-fixed organs is affected by fixation time and type of fixatives: using the AmpF\u2113STR \u00ae identifiler \u00ae PCR amplification kit. Med Sci Law. 2012;52:12\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/msl.2011.010140","DOI":"10.1258\/msl.2011.010140"},{"key":"1051_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.4132\/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.6.549","volume":"45","author":"AN Seo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seo AN, Kim J-H, Lee D, et al. Comparison of the DNA preservation in Neutral-Buffered formalin fixed Paraffin-Embedded tissue and in Non-Buffered formalin fixed Paraffin-Embedded tissue. Korean J Pathol. 2011;45:549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4132\/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.6.549.","journal-title":"Korean J Pathol"},{"key":"1051_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.09.004","volume":"194","author":"A Farrugia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Farrugia A, Keyser C, Ludes B. Efficiency evaluation of a DNA extraction and purification protocol on archival formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. Forensic Sci Int. 2010;194:e25\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.09.004.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1051_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2478\/sjecr-2019-0020","volume":"21","author":"D Todorovic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Todorovic D, Vitosevic K, Todorovic M, Slovic Z. Formalin fixation of human healthy autopsied tissues: the influence of type of tissue, temperature and incubation time on the quality of isolated DNA. Serbian J Experimental Clin Res. 2020;21:307\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/sjecr-2019-0020.","journal-title":"Serbian J Experimental Clin Res"},{"key":"1051_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.021352","volume":"58","author":"R Coura","year":"2005","unstructured":"Coura R. An alternative protocol for DNA extraction from formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded tissue. J Clin Pathol. 2005;58:894\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.2004.021352.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"1051_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.09.020","volume":"280","author":"KM Reid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reid KM, Maistry S, Ramesar R, Heathfield LJ. A review of the optimisation of the use of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue for molecular analysis in a forensic post-mortem setting. Forensic Sci Int. 2017;280:181\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.09.020.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1051_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2024.112254","volume":"365","author":"VL Birne","year":"2024","unstructured":"Birne VL, Birngruber CG, Vennemann M, et al. Tendons and table salt: A recipe to preserve human DNA. Forensic Sci Int. 2024;365:112254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2024.112254.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1051_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7447","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007447","volume":"4","author":"A Chandrasekar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chandrasekar A, Kumar S, Sreenath J, et al. Updating phylogeny of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup M in india: dispersal of modern human in South Asian corridor. PLoS ONE. 2009;4:e7447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0007447.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1051_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.105.043901","volume":"172","author":"T Kivisild","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kivisild T, Shen P, Wall DP, et al. The role of selection in the evolution of human mitochondrial genomes. Genetics. 2006;172:373\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1534\/genetics.105.043901.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"1051_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-9-173","volume":"9","author":"S Kumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kumar S, Ravuri RR, Koneru P, et al. Reconstructing Indian-Australian phylogenetic link. BMC Evol Biol. 2009;9:173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2148-9-173.","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"1051_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s12041-009-0020-3","volume":"88","author":"S Maji","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maji S, Krithika S, Vasulu TS. Phylogeographic distribution of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup M in India. J Genet. 2009;88:127\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12041-009-0020-3.","journal-title":"J Genet"},{"key":"1051_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-016-0816-8","volume":"16","author":"P Marrero","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marrero P, Abu-Amero KK, Larruga JM, Cabrera VM. Carriers of human mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup M colonized India from southeastern Asia. BMC Evol Biol. 2016;16:246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12862-016-0816-8.","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"1051_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.4.070802.110352","volume":"4","author":"B Budowle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Budowle B, Allard MW, Wilson MR, Chakraborty R. Forensics and mitochondrial DNA: applications, debates, and foundations. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2003;4:119\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.genom.4.070802.110352.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet"},{"key":"1051_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2007.01.019","volume":"1","author":"JA Irwin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Irwin JA, Saunier JL, Strouss KM, et al. Development and expansion of high-quality control region databases to improve forensic MtDNA evidence interpretation. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2007;1:154\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsigen.2007.01.019.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int Genet"},{"key":"1051_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109987","volume":"308","author":"K Thangaraj","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, Kivisild T, et al. Reconstructing the origin of Andaman Islanders. Science. 2005;308:996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1109987.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1051_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.11.010","volume":"89","author":"M Metspalu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Metspalu M, Romero IG, Yunusbayev B, et al. Shared and unique components of human population structure and genome-wide signals of positive selection in South Asia. Am J Hum Genet. 2011;89:731\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.11.010.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01051-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01051-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01051-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:28:00Z","timestamp":1777544880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01051-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01051-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-2891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-2891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 July 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by Ethical Sub Committee with ref no. IECPG-127\/24.02.2022 by All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication has been taken from all the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}