{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:48:58Z","timestamp":1791942538166,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1OH009250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1OH009250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2T42OH008412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2T42OH008412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Sci Med Pathol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Purpose.\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      Gunshot residue (GSR) accumulates in firearms and must be removed mechanically and with gun cleaning solvent (GCS). There are no peer review journal publications on what gloves might be resistant to GSR being cleaned with a GCS. The aim was to fill the data gap.\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\u00a0A Kimtech Science Blue disposable nitrile glove was challenged in triplicate by dissolved GSR of diameters less than 125 micrometers in a popular GCS with permeates collected in n-decane at 35\u00a0\u00b0C in a ASTM F739-20 glass permeation cell with no collection side recirculation. Samples from the collection and challenger sides and permeated glove pieces were analyzed for metals by solvent evaporation, concentrated acid digestion and then inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\u00a0Lead, copper and barium GSR compounds permeated between 240\u00a0min and 480\u00a0min, also being detected within the permeated glove material. The GSR concentrations in mg\/g were lead 86.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2, copper 96.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2, and barium 0.622\u2009\u00b1\u20090.012.\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\u00a0A practical and inexpensive method to resist the toxic elements in GSR in a popular GCS for\u00a0at least 4 hours was to wear a disposable Kimtech Science Blue nitrile glove of average thickness 143-148 \u00b5m. More gloves, GCS and GSR should be tested.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-025-01077-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T04:45:52Z","timestamp":1759121152000},"page":"106-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Permeation of metallic gunshot residues in a commercial gun cleaning solvent through a disposable nitrile glove"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Travis","family":"Cribbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6885-879X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shane","family":"Que Hee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1077_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2024.2345815","volume":"21","author":"TD Cribbs","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cribbs TD, Que Hee SS. Permeation of a firearm cleaning solvent through disposable nitrile gloves. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2024;21(7):494\u201303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15459624.2024.2345815.","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"1077_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2019.1678750","volume":"12","author":"S Banaee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Banaee S, Que Hee SS. Glove permeation of chemicals: The state of the art of current practice, Part 1: Basics and the permeation standards. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2019;12:827\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15459624.2019.1678750.","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1077_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2020.1721509","volume":"17","author":"S Banaee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Banaee S, Que Hee SS. Glove permeation of chemicals: The state of the art of current practice\u2014Part 2. Research emphases on high boiling point compounds and simulating the donned glove environment. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2020;17(4):135\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15459624.2020.1721509.","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1077_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-4614.2022.00004","volume":"25","author":"J Kaur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaur J, Sodhi GS. Forensic importance of gunshot residue analysis: A review. Int J Med Toxicol Legal Med. 2022;25(1\u20132):14\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5958\/0974-4614.2022.00004.","journal-title":"Int J Med Toxicol Legal Med"},{"key":"1077_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1472","DOI":"10.1002\/wfs2.1472","volume":"5","author":"VR Minzi\u00e8re","year":"2023","unstructured":"Minzi\u00e8re VR, Gassner A-L, Gallidabino M, Roux C, Weyermann C. The relevance of gunshot residues in forensic science. WIREs Forensic Sci. 2023;5:e1472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wfs2.1472.","journal-title":"WIREs Forensic Sci."},{"key":"1077_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2024.112029","volume":"359","author":"B Gorey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gorey B, Boyle M, O\u2019Brien CM, O\u2019Shaughnessy J, Daly D, Forde A. Gunshot residue (GSR): frequency of residue types encountered in case work and background levels on control samples. Forensic Sci Int. 2024;359:112029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2024.112029.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1077_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15484","volume":"69","author":"M Donghi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Donghi M, Orsenigo S, Manna L, Profumo A, Mattino A, Merli D. Pervasiveness of inorganic gunshot residue (IGSR) in handguns after cleaning and conditioning procedures. J Forensic Sci. 2024;69(3):1035\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15484.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"1077_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s41935-023-00326-5","volume":"13","author":"BR Burnett","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burnett BR, Nunziata F. Divergent gunshot residues and characterization of the memory effect in a .22 caliber revolver and pistol. Egypt J Forensic Sci. 2023;13:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41935-023-00326-5","journal-title":"Egypt J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"1077_CR9","unstructured":"Bushnell Holdings. Safety data sheet: Hoppe\u2019s No. 9 Gun Bore Cleaner. 2019."},{"key":"1077_CR10","unstructured":"ASTM International. ASTM F739-20. Standard test method for permeation of liquids and gases through protective clothing materials under conditions of continuous contact. West Conshohocken (PA). 2020."},{"key":"1077_CR11","unstructured":"ASTM International. D6978\u2009\u2013\u200905 (Reapproved 2019): Standard practice for assessment of resistance of medical gloves to permeation by chemotherapy drugs. West Conshohocken (PA), 2019."},{"key":"1077_CR12","unstructured":"Kimtech. Chemical Permeation Table 2025. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.kimtech.eu\/resources\/chemical-permeation\/."},{"issue":"3","key":"1077_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/app.21515","volume":"97","author":"LB Georgoulis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Georgoulis LB, Morgan MS, Andrianopoulos N, Seferis JC. Swelling of polymeric glove materials during permeation by solvent mixtures. J Appl Polym Sci. 2005;97(3):775\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.21515.","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"key":"1077_CR14","unstructured":"National Center for Forensic Science. 2025. https:\/\/ncfs.ucf.edu\/research\/chemical-evidence\/gun-shot-residue\/"},{"key":"1077_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Halim MIA, Safian MF, Elias E, Shazali SS. Identification of gunshot residue from trace element by using icp\/oes. 2013; IEEE Symposium on Computers & Informatics. pp 231-235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCI.2013.6612409","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCI.2013.6612409"},{"issue":"4","key":"1077_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01370.x","volume":"55","author":"O Dalby","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dalby O, Butler D, Birkett JW. Analysis of gunshot residue and associated materials \u2013A review. J Forensic Sci. 2010;55(4):924\u201343.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1077_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14988","volume":"67","author":"SA Gong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gong SA, Homberger N, Ling H. Elemental profiling of total gunshot residue using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. J Forensic Sci. 2022;67(3):1198\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14988.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"1077_CR18","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for lead. 2020. https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp13.pdf."},{"key":"1077_CR19","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for barium and barium compounds. 2007. https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp24.pdf."},{"key":"1077_CR20","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for copper. 2024. https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp132.pdf."}],"container-title":["Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01077-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01077-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01077-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:27:59Z","timestamp":1777544879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01077-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01077-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-2891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-2891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 August 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Open Access. The datasets generated during and\/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Rights and permissions"}},{"value":"The authors declare that have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}