{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:41:02Z","timestamp":1790610062845,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Sci Med Pathol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-025-01167-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T10:27:32Z","timestamp":1768904852000},"page":"300-315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["4F-MDMB-BICA toxicity: a fatal case and literature review of synthetic cannabinoid fatalities"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ingo","family":"von Both","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen K.","family":"Shoemaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig N.","family":"Chatterton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"1167_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01959156","volume":"44","author":"R Mechoulam","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mechoulam R, Feigenbaum JJ, Lander N, Segal M, Jarbe TU, Hiltunen AJ, et al. Enantiomeric cannabinoids: stereospecificity of psychotropic activity. Experientia. 1988;44(9):762\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01959156.","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)38122-X","volume":"265","author":"DR Compton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Compton DR, Rice KC, De Costa BR, Razdan RK, Melvin LS, Johnson MR, et al. Cannabinoid structure-activity relationships: correlation of receptor binding and in vivo activities. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1993;265(1):218\u201326.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1167_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(01)80155-4","volume":"4","author":"JW Huffman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Huffman JW, Dai D, Martin BR, Compton DR. Design, synthesis and pharmacology of cannabimimetic indoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1994;4(4):563\u20136.","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2004.09.050","volume":"13","author":"JW Huffman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huffman JW, Zengin G, Wu MJ, Lu J, Hynd G, Bushell K, et al. Structure-activity relationships for 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indoles at the cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors: steric and electronic effects of naphthoyl substituents. New highly selective CB(2) receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem. 2005;13(1):89\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmc.2004.09.050.","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"1167_CR5","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). 4F-MDMB-BICA, Risk Assessments. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/publications\/risk-assessments\/4f-mdmb-bica_en"},{"key":"1167_CR6","unstructured":"UNODC. Synthetic cannabinoids in herbal products. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Available from: https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/scientific\/Synthetic_Cannabinoids.pdf."},{"key":"1167_CR7","unstructured":"UNODC. World Drug Report 2023. United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime. United Nations publication.; 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/unodc\/en\/data-and-analysis\/world-drug-report-2023.html."},{"key":"1167_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banister SD, Connor M. The chemistry and pharmacology of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist new psychoactive substances evolution. In: Maurer HH, Brandt SD, editors. New Psychoactive Substances. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 252. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2018; p. 191\u2013226.","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2018_144"},{"key":"1167_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolff K. Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids. In: Susannah Davies AJ, and David Holt, editor. Forensic Toxicology : Drug Use and Misuse. Royal Society of Chemistry; 2016;. Chapter 8; p. 143\u2013160.","DOI":"10.1039\/BK9781782621560-00147"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-011-4743-7","volume":"400","author":"D Zuba","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zuba D, Byrska B, Maciow M. Comparison of \u201cherbal highs\u201d composition. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011;400(1):119\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-011-4743-7.","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"1167_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2011.00060","volume":"5","author":"L Fattore","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fattore L, Fratta W. Beyond THC: the new generation of cannabinoid designer drugs. Front Behav Neurosci. 2011;5:60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2011.00060.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1167_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.10.008","volume":"129","author":"AM Kemp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kemp AM, Clark MS, Dobbs T, Galli R, Sherman J, Cox R. Top 10 facts you need to know about synthetic cannabinoids: not so nice spice. Am J Med. 2016;129(3):240-4 e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.10.008.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1167_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2019.03.093","volume":"9","author":"A Alipour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alipour A, Patel PB, Shabbir Z, Gabrielson S. Review of the many faces of synthetic cannabinoid toxicities. Ment Health Clin. 2019;9(2):93\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9740\/mhc.2019.03.093.","journal-title":"Ment Health Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"1167_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0694-1","volume":"18","author":"ZD Cooper","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cooper ZD. Adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoids: management of acute toxicity and withdrawal. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2016;18(5):52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-016-0694-1.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1167_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.06.002","volume":"197","author":"I Vardakou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vardakou I, Pistos C, Spiliopoulou C. Spice drugs as a new trend: mode of action, identification and legislation. Toxicol Lett. 2010;197(3):157\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.06.002.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"1167_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.009","volume":"143","author":"EE Bonar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bonar EE, Ashrafioun L, Ilgen MA. Synthetic cannabinoid use among patients in residential substance use disorder treatment: prevalence, motives, and correlates. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;143:268\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.009.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"4","key":"1167_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2012.00240.x","volume":"21","author":"EW Gunderson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gunderson EW, Haughey HM, Ait-Daoud N, Joshi AS, Hart CL. Spice\" and \u201cK2\u201d herbal highs: a case series and systematic review of the clinical effects and biopsychosocial implications of synthetic cannabinoid use in humans. Am J Addict. 2012;21(4):320\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2012.00240.x.","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.07.011","volume":"97","author":"TU Jarbe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jarbe TU, Gifford RS. Herbal incense\": designer drug blends as cannabimimetics and their assessment by drug discrimination and other in vivo bioassays. Life Sci. 2014;97(1):64\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.07.011.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1167_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1558","volume":"44","author":"V Auwarter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Auwarter V, Dresen S, Weinmann W, Muller M, Putz M, Ferreiros N. \u201cSpice\u201d and other herbal blends: harmless incense or cannabinoid designer drugs? J Mass Spectrom. 2009;44(5):832\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jms.1558.","journal-title":"J Mass Spectrom"},{"issue":"5","key":"1167_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-4171-0","volume":"398","author":"A Wintermeyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wintermeyer A, Moller I, Thevis M, Jubner M, Beike J, Rothschild MA, et al. In vitro phase i metabolism of the synthetic cannabimimetic JWH-018. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2010;398(5):2141\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-010-4171-0.","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"1167_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-014-0460-x","volume":"11","author":"AM Dines","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dines AM, Wood DM, Galicia M, Yates CM, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, et al. Presentations to the emergency department following cannabis use\u2013a multi-centre case series from ten European countries. J Med Toxicol. 2015;11(4):415\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13181-014-0460-x.","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"1167_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.02.001","volume":"237","author":"B Hartung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hartung B, Kauferstein S, Ritz-Timme S, Daldrup T. Sudden unexpected death under acute influence of cannabis. Forensic Sci Int. 2014;237:e11-3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.02.001.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1167_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/s0379-0738(01)00609-0","volume":"124","author":"L Bachs","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bachs L, Morland H. Acute cardiovascular fatalities following cannabis use. Forensic Sci Int. 2001;124(2\u20133):200\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0379-0738(01)00609-0.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1167_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107726","volume":"206","author":"Y Schmid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schmid Y, Scholz I, Mueller L, Exadaktylos AK, Ceschi A, Liechti ME, et al. Emergency department presentations related to acute toxicity following recreational use of cannabis products in Switzerland. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;206:107726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107726.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"12","key":"1167_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221115760","volume":"36","author":"KL Rock","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rock KL, Englund A, Morley S, Rice K, Copeland CS. Can cannabis kill? Characteristics of deaths following cannabis use in England (1998\u20132020). J Psychopharmacol. 2022;36(12):1362\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02698811221115760.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"1167_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2021.101955","volume":"53","author":"S Kasuda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kasuda S, Kondo T, Terazawa I, Morimoto M, Yuui K, Kudo R. Cardiac sudden death in a young cannabis user. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2021;53:101955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.legalmed.2021.101955.","journal-title":"Leg Med (Tokyo)"},{"key":"1167_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.005","volume":"144","author":"MS Castaneto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castaneto MS, Gorelick DA, Desrosiers NA, Hartman RL, Pirard S, Huestis MA. Synthetic cannabinoids: epidemiology, pharmacodynamics, and clinical implications. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;144:12\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.005.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"1167_CR28","unstructured":"Office of Addiction Services and Supports (OASAS). Synthetic Cannabinoids. Illicit mix of herbs\/toxins often marketed as a \"legal\" alternative to cannabis. Available from: https:\/\/oasas.ny.gov\/synthetic-cannabinoids."},{"issue":"11","key":"1167_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00089a018","volume":"35","author":"WA Devane","year":"1992","unstructured":"Devane WA, Breuer A, Sheskin T, Jarbe TU, Eisen MS, Mechoulam R. A novel probe for the cannabinoid receptor. J Med Chem. 1992;35(11):2065\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jm00089a018.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"1167_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weissman A, Milne GM, Melvin LS Jr. Cannabimimetic activity from CP-47,497, a derivative of 3-phenylcyclohexanol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1982;223(2):516\u201323.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)33364-1"},{"key":"1167_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2025.112698","volume":"272","author":"MM Prete","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prete MM, Feitosa GTB, Ribeiro MAT, Fidalgo TM, Sanchez ZM. Adverse clinical effects associated with the use of synthetic cannabinoids: a systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2025;272:112698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2025.112698.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"1167_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.007","volume":"73","author":"N Shopan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shopan N, Scolnik D, Hassoun E, Firsow A, Volkov I, Glatstein M. Acute intoxication caused by three common synthetic cannabinoids: the experience of a large, urban, tertiary care hospital. Am J Emerg Med. 2023;73:7\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.007.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1167_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8516","volume":"3","author":"I Kourouni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kourouni I, Mourad B, Khouli H, Shapiro JM, Mathew JP. Critical illness secondary to synthetic cannabinoid ingestion. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8516.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"1167_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2024.2346125","volume":"62","author":"ML Waters","year":"2024","unstructured":"Waters ML, Dargan PI, Yates C, Dines AM, Eyer F, Giraudon I, et al. Clinical effects of cannabis compared to synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs): a retrospective cohort study of presentations with acute toxicity to European hospitals between 2013 and 2020. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2024;62(6):378\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15563650.2024.2346125.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1167_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04078.x","volume":"108","author":"M Hermanns-Clausen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hermanns-Clausen M, Kneisel S, Szabo B, Auwarter V. Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of synthetic cannabinoids: clinical and laboratory findings. Addiction. 2013;108(3):534\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04078.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"1167_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-031122-113758","volume":"63","author":"R Roque-Bravo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roque-Bravo R, Silva RS, Malheiro RF, Carmo H, Carvalho F, da Silva DD, et al. Synthetic cannabinoids: a pharmacological and toxicological overview. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2023;63:187\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-031122-113758.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"1167_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106039","volume":"190","author":"G Mercier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mercier G, Mohamed KA, Zagzoog A, Cropper L, Ritchie B, Jin Z, et al. In vitro pharmacological activity of twenty-eight synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists at the type 1 and 2 cannabinoid receptors. Neurochem Int. 2025;190:106039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106039.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90167-w","volume":"11","author":"A Zagzoog","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zagzoog A, Brandt AL, Black T, Kim ED, Burkart R, Patel M, et al. Assessment of select synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist bias and selectivity between the type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptor. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):10611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-90167-w.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"24","key":"1167_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14829","volume":"176","author":"S Sachdev","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sachdev S, Vemuri K, Banister SD, Longworth M, Kassiou M, Santiago M, et al. In vitro determination of the efficacy of illicit synthetic cannabinoids at CB(1) receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2019;176(24):4653\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.14829.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1167_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2022.173467","volume":"220","author":"JA Marusich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marusich JA, Gamage TF, Zhang Y, Akinfiresoye LR, Wiley JL. In vitro and in vivo pharmacology of nine novel synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2022;220:173467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2022.173467.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01443-6","volume":"29","author":"A Alzu\u2019bi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alzu\u2019bi A, Almahasneh F, Khasawneh R, Abu-El-Rub E, Baker WB, Al-Zoubi RM. The synthetic cannabinoids menace: a review of health risks and toxicity. Eur J Med Res. 2024;29(1):49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-023-01443-6.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1167_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.04.017","volume":"39","author":"KA Seely","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seely KA, Lapoint J, Moran JH, Fattore L. Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: a review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012;39(2):234\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.04.017.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1167_CR43","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Understanding the \u2018Spice\u2019 phenomenon. 2009. Available from: https:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/system\/files\/publications\/537\/Spice-Thematic-paper-final-version.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"1167_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.03.012","volume":"269","author":"M Rajasekaran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rajasekaran M, Brents LK, Franks LN, Moran JH, Prather PL. Human metabolites of synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-073 bind with high affinity and act as potent agonists at cannabinoid type-2 receptors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013;269(2):100\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2013.03.012.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"1167_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087515","author":"B Marchetti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marchetti B, Bilel S, Tirri M, Corli G, Roda E, Locatelli CA, et al. Acute cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory effects of JWH-018 in awake and freely moving mice: mechanism of action and possible antidotal interventions? Int J Mol Sci. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24087515.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1167_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marchetti B, Bilel S, Tirri M, Arfe R, Corli G, Roda E, Locatelli CA, Cavarretta E, De Giorgio F, Marti M. The Old and the New: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Alterations Induced by Acute JWH-018 Administration Compared to Delta(9)-THC-A Preclinical Study in Mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24021631","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021631"},{"key":"1167_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2024.153878","volume":"507","author":"N Pintori","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pintori N, Serra MP, Carai A, Lobina C, Isola R, Noli R, et al. Evidence for enduring cardiac and multiorgan toxicity after repeated exposure to the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 in male rats. Toxicology. 2024;507:153878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2024.153878.","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"11","key":"1167_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X19666210412101929","volume":"19","author":"D Radaelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Radaelli D, Manfredi A, Zanon M, Fattorini P, Scopetti M, Neri M, et al. Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones Cardiotoxicity: facts and perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021;19(11):2038\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159X19666210412101929.","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1167_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.130","volume":"15","author":"P Pacher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pacher P, Steffens S, Hasko G, Schindler TH, Kunos G. Cardiovascular effects of marijuana and synthetic cannabinoids: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2018;15(3):151\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.130.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1167_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2015.10.009","volume":"50","author":"J Von Der Haar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Von Der Haar J, Talebi S, Ghobadi F, Singh S, Chirurgi R, Rajeswari P, et al. Synthetic cannabinoids and their effects on the cardiovascular system. J Emerg Med. 2016;50(2):258\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2015.10.009.","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1167_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22581","volume":"46","author":"A Yamanoglu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yamanoglu A, Celebi Yamanoglu NG, Evran T, Sogut O. How much can synthetic cannabinoid damage the heart? A case of cardiogenic shock following resistant ventricular fibrillation after synthetic cannabinoid use. J Clin Ultrasound. 2018;46(9):605\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcu.22581.","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"issue":"4","key":"1167_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2022.05.001","volume":"364","author":"AH Jafry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jafry AH, LaGrow A, Akhtar KH, Hacker E, Russell S, Kliewer B, et al. Synthetic cannabinoids and ST elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Med Sci. 2022;364(4):481\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjms.2022.05.001.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"1167_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118053","volume":"187","author":"J Paloczi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Paloczi J, Gunduz-Cinar O, Yokus B, Paes-Leme B, Hasko G, Kunos G, et al. Exacerbated cardiac dysfunction from combined alcohol binge and synthetic cannabinoid use. Biomed Pharmacother. 2025;187:118053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118053.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-011-0182-2","volume":"8","author":"AB Scheir","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scheir AB, Baumacher T. Convulsions associated with the use of a synthetic cannabinoid product. J Med Toxicol. 2012;8(1):62\u20134.","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1167_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2010.10.014","volume":"40","author":"AB Scheir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scheir AB, Cullen J, Ly BT. Spice\u201d girls: synthetic cannabinoid intoxication. J Emerg Med. 2011;40(3):296\u20139.","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.23907\/2012.029","volume":"2","author":"R Stoppacher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stoppacher R. Synthetic cannabinoid use and sudden death. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2012;2(1):202\u20135.","journal-title":"Acad Forensic Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1167_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2011.609822","volume":"49","author":"J Lapoint","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lapoint J, James LP, Moran CL, Nelson LS, Hoffman RS, Moran JH. Severe toxicity following synthetic cannabinoid ingestion. Clin Toxicol. 2011;49(8):760\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/15563650.2011.609822.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"1167_CR58","unstructured":"Logan BK, Reinhold LE, Kacinko SL. K2 and beyond: A synthetic cannabinoid primer. In: American Academy of Forensic Sciences 63rd Annual Meeting; 2011; Chicago. 2011."},{"issue":"7","key":"1167_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320 e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2011.05.013","volume":"30","author":"AC Young","year":"2012","unstructured":"Young AC, Schwarz E, Medina G, Obafemi A, Feng SY, Kane C, et al. Cardiotoxicity associated with the synthetic cannabinoid, K9, with laboratory confirmation. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(7):1320 e5-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2011.05.013.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1167_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1622","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3823","volume":"128","author":"A Mir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mir A, Obafemi A, Young A, Kane C. Myocardial infarction associated with use of the synthetic cannabinoid K2. Pediatrics. 2011;128(6):e1622-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2010-3823.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1167_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/120607","volume":"2014","author":"S Ibrahim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ibrahim S, Al-Saffar F, Wannenburg T. A unique case of cardiac arrest following K2 abuse. Case Rep Cardiol. 2014;2014:120607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/120607.","journal-title":"Case Rep Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-014-0424-1","volume":"11","author":"RG McKeever","year":"2015","unstructured":"McKeever RG, Vearrier D, Jacobs D, LaSala G, Okaneku J, Greenberg MI. K2\u2013not the spice of life; synthetic cannabinoids and ST elevation myocardial infarction: a case report. J Med Toxicol. 2015;11(1):129\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13181-014-0424-1.","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"1167_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-016-0045-1","volume":"17","author":"G McIlroy","year":"2016","unstructured":"McIlroy G, Ford L, Khan JM. Acute myocardial infarction, associated with the use of a synthetic adamantyl-cannabinoid: a case report. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2016;17:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-016-0045-1.","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"1167_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176115","author":"KB Walsh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walsh KB, Andersen HK. Molecular pharmacology of synthetic cannabinoids: delineating CB1 receptor-mediated cell signaling. Int J Mol Sci. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21176115.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1167_CR65","unstructured":"WHO. Critical Review Report: 4F-MDMB-BICA. Unedited Advance copy. In: Organization WH, editor. Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, 44th Meeting 11\u201315 October 2021; 2021 Geneva. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/2021-dha-docs\/unedited--advance-copy-44th-ecdd-review-report-4f-mdmb-bica_14sep.pdf."},{"issue":"5","key":"1167_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14101","volume":"64","author":"AJ Krotulski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krotulski AJ, Mohr ALA, Kacinko SL, Fogarty MF, Shuda SA, Diamond FX, et al. 4F-MDMB-BINACA: a new synthetic cannabinoid widely implicated in forensic casework. J Forensic Sci. 2019;64(5):1451\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14101.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"1167_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2666","volume":"11","author":"B Haschimi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haschimi B, Mogler L, Halter S, Giorgetti A, Schwarze B, Westphal F, et al. Detection of the recently emerged synthetic cannabinoid 4F-MDMB-BINACA in \u201clegal high\u201d products and human urine specimens. Drug Test Anal. 2019;11(9):1377\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.2666.","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal"},{"key":"1167_CR68","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). 4F-MDMB-BICA, Initial Report. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/publications\/initial-reports\/4f-mdmb-bica_en"},{"issue":"3","key":"1167_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2945","volume":"13","author":"C Norman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Norman C, McKirdy B, Walker G, Dugard P, NicDaeid N, McKenzie C. Large-scale evaluation of ion mobility spectrometry for the rapid detection of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in infused papers in prisons. Drug Test Anal. 2021;13(3):644\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.2945.","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal"},{"key":"1167_CR70","unstructured":"CFSRE. 4F-MDMB-BICA. NMS Labs Reports. Willowgrove, PA, United States: Center for Forensic Science Research & Education; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.cfsre.org\/images\/monographs\/4F-MDMB-BICA_070120_NMSLabs_Report.pdf."},{"key":"1167_CR71","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). European Information System and Database on New Drugs, Early Warning System Reports. Available from: https:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/index_en."},{"key":"1167_CR72","unstructured":"Krotulski AJ, Papsun DM, Walton SE, Logan BK. Positivity of new synthetic cannabinoid 4F-MDMB-BICA increasing in U.S. as prevalence of 5F-MDMB-PICA wanes. Discovery CfFSREC-N, editor. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.cfsre.org\/nps-discovery\/public-alerts\/positivity-of-new-synthetic-cannabinoid-4f-mdmb-bica-increasing-in-u-s-as-prevalence-of-5f-mdmb-pica-wanes."},{"issue":"2","key":"1167_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab004","volume":"46","author":"T Kormoczi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kormoczi T, Sija E, Institoris L, Kereszty EM, Ilisz I, Berkecz R. Analytical methodologies for the characterization and analysis of the parent compound and phase i metabolites of 4F-MDMB-BICA in human microsome, urine, and blood samples. J Anal Toxicol. 2021;46(2):135\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkab004.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"issue":"24","key":"1167_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4434","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00644","volume":"11","author":"A Cannaert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cannaert A, Sparkes E, Pike E, Luo JL, Fang A, Kevin RC, et al. Synthesis and in vitro cannabinoid receptor 1 activity of recently detected synthetic cannabinoids 4F-MDMB-BICA, 5F-MPP-PICA, MMB-4en-Pica, cumyl-cbmica, adb-binaca, app-binaca, 4f-mdmb-binaca, mdmb-4en-pinaca, a-chminaca, 5f-ab-p7aica, 5f-mdmb-p7aica, and 5F-AP7AICA. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020;11(24):4434\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00644.","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"1167_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110215","volume":"309","author":"CN Chatterton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chatterton CN, Handy RP, Shoemaker GK, Scott-Ham M. The distribution and redistribution of carfentanil in post mortem samples. Forensic Sci Int. 2020;309:110215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110215.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1167_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chatterton CN, Handy RP, Shoemaker GK. LC-MS\/MS determination of the novel fentanyl analog, ortho-methylfentanyl, in drug-related toxicity casework. Concentrations in ligated femoral blood. J Anal Toxicol. 2025 Jun 4. Epub 20250604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkaf050. Cited in: Pubmed; PMID 40465412.","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaf050"},{"key":"1167_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doerr AA, N. W, Heinbuch S, P, S., Schmidt PH, Schaefer N. Deadly mono-intoxication after ingestion of 4F-MDMB-BICA. Toxicol Analyt Clin. 2022;34;Supplement(3):S46-S47.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxac.2022.06.052"},{"issue":"4","key":"1167_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-021-00424-7","volume":"17","author":"B Van Rafelghem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van Rafelghem B, Covaci A, Anseeuw K, van Nuijs ALN, Neels H, Mahieu B, et al. Suicide by vaping the synthetic cannabinoid 4F-MDMB-BINACA: cannabinoid receptors and fluoride at the crossroads of toxicity? Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2021;17(4):684\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-021-00424-7.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-022-00632-y","volume":"41","author":"G Simon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Simon G, Toth D, Heckmann V, Mayer M, Kuzma M. Simultaneous fatal poisoning of two victims with 4F-MDMB-BINACA and ethanol. Forensic Toxicol. 2023;41(1):151\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11419-022-00632-y.","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1167_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-022-00492-3","volume":"18","author":"B Tokarczyk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tokarczyk B, Jurczyk A, Krupinska J, Adamowicz P. Fatal intoxication with new synthetic cannabinoids 5F-MDMB-PICA and 4F-MDMB-BINACA-parent compounds and metabolite identification in blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2022;18(4):393\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-022-00492-3.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1167_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2020.0161","volume":"7","author":"P Yoganathan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yoganathan P, Claridge H, Chester L, Englund A, Kalk NJ, Copeland CS. Synthetic cannabinoid-related deaths in England, 2012\u20132019. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2022;7(4):516\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/can.2020.0161.","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res"},{"key":"1167_CR82","first-page":"1979","volume-title":"Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man","author":"RC Baselt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baselt RC. Synthetic cannabinoids. In: Baselt RC, editor. Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man. 12th ed. Seal Beach, California: Biomedical Publications; 2020. p. 1979\u201386.","edition":"12"},{"issue":"8","key":"1167_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-025-04082-4","volume":"99","author":"H Green","year":"2025","unstructured":"Green H, McKenzie C, Hamra E, Rautio T, Wu X, Juneskog E, et al. In vitro CB(1) receptor activity of halogenated indazole synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists. Arch Toxicol. 2025;99(8):3343\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-025-04082-4.","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1167_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.117.246983","volume":"365","author":"TF Gamage","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gamage TF, Farquhar CE, Lefever TW, Marusich JA, Kevin RC, McGregor IS, et al. Molecular and behavioral pharmacological characterization of abused synthetic cannabinoids MMB- and MDMB-FUBINACA, MN-18, NNEI, CUMYL-PICA, and 5-fluoro-CUMYL-PICA. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2018;365(2):437\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.117.246983.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"1167_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03815-1","volume":"98","author":"AA Doerr","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doerr AA, Nordmeier F, Walle N, Laschke MW, Menger MD, Meyer MR, et al. Does a postmortem redistribution affect the concentrations of the 7 azaindole-derived synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-P7AICA in tissues and body fluids following pulmonary administration to pigs? Arch Toxicol. 2024;98(10):3289\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03815-1.","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"1167_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2023.111777","volume":"350","author":"CN Chatterton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chatterton CN, Handy RP. Fentanyl concentrations in ligated femoral blood in the presence and absence of NPS benzodiazepine drugs. A review of over 1250 benzo-dope \/ fentanyl toxicity cases in Alberta, Canada. Forensic Sci Int. 2023;350:111777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2023.111777.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1167_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.09.019","author":"JA Towbin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Towbin JA, McKenna WJ, Abrams DJ, Ackerman MJ, Calkins H, Darrieux FCC, et al. 2019 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation, risk stratification, and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: executive summary. Heart Rhythm. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.09.019.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"11","key":"1167_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12755","volume":"26","author":"A Protonotarios","year":"2015","unstructured":"Protonotarios A, Anastasakis A, Tsatsopoulou A, Antoniades L, Prappa E, Syrris P, et al. Clinical significance of epsilon waves in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2015;26(11):1204\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.12755.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1167_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12925","volume":"27","author":"T Tanawuttiwat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tanawuttiwat T, Te Riele AS, Philips B, James CA, Murray B, Tichnell C, et al. Electroanatomic correlates of depolarization abnormalities in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia\/cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2016;27(4):443\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.12925.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1167_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.09.023","volume":"52","author":"RJ Hamilton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamilton RJ, Keyfes V, Banka SS. Synthetic cannabinoid abuse resulting in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction requiring percutaneous coronary intervention. J Emerg Med. 2017;52(4):496\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.09.023.","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"1167_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weresa J, Pedzinska-Betiuk A, Minczuk K, Malinowska B, Schlicker E. Why do marijuana and synthetic cannabimimetics induce acute myocardial infarction in healthy young people? Cells. 2022;11(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11071142","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11071142"},{"issue":"7","key":"1167_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-025-01121-6","volume":"22","author":"M Chandy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chandy M, Jimenez-Tellez N, Wu JC. The relationship between cannabis and cardiovascular disease: clearing the haze. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2025;22(7):467\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-025-01121-6.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"1167_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2024-325429","author":"W Storck","year":"2025","unstructured":"Storck W, Elbaz M, Vindis C, Deguilhem A, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Jouanjus E. Cardiovascular risk associated with the use of cannabis and cannabinoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2024-325429.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"7","key":"1167_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2021.04.004","volume":"31","author":"S Atemin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Atemin S, Todorov T, Maver A, Chamova T, Georgieva B, Tincheva S, et al. MYH7-related disorders in two Bulgarian families: novel variants in the same region associated with different clinical manifestation and disease penetrance. Neuromuscul Disord. 2021;31(7):633\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nmd.2021.04.004.","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1167_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-023-04735-x","volume":"479","author":"Y Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao Y, Peng L, Zhao C. MYH7 in cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle myopathy. Mol Cell Biochem. 2024;479(2):393\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-023-04735-x.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"1167_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3192-2","volume":"39","author":"N Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li N, Zhao Z, Shen H, Bing Q, Guo X, Hu J. MYH7 mutation associated with two phenotypes of myopathy. Neurol Sci. 2018;39(2):333\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-017-3192-2.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1167_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5229","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2019.10754","volume":"20","author":"B Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang B, Wang J, Wang LF, Yang F, Xu L, Li WX, et al. Genetic analysis of monoallelic double MYH7 mutations responsible for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mol Med Rep. 2019;20(6):5229\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2019.10754.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.12.061","volume":"558","author":"J Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang J, Zhu M, Wang Y, Hou X, Wu H, Wang D, et al. Whole-exome sequencing identify a new mutation of MYH7 in a Chinese family with left ventricular noncompaction. Gene. 2015;558(1):138\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2014.12.061.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"1167_CR99","unstructured":"Lamont P, Laing NG. Laing Distal Myopathy. GeneReviews\u00ae [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK1433\/"},{"issue":"8","key":"1167_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.23757","volume":"40","author":"K Kolokotronis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kolokotronis K, Kuhnisch J, Klopocki E, Dartsch J, Rost S, Huculak C, et al. Biallelic mutation in MYH7 and MYBPC3 leads to severe cardiomyopathy with left ventricular noncompaction phenotype. Hum Mutat. 2019;40(8):1101\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/humu.23757.","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"issue":"5","key":"1167_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2013.02.009","volume":"23","author":"NF Clarke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clarke NF, Amburgey K, Teener J, Camelo-Piragua S, Kesari A, Punetha J, et al. A novel mutation expands the genetic and clinical spectrum of MYH7-related myopathies. Neuromuscul Disord. 2013;23(5):432\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nmd.2013.02.009.","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1509267","volume":"376","author":"D Corrado","year":"2017","unstructured":"Corrado D, Link MS, Calkins H. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(1):61\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1509267.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1167_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.05.007","author":"JA Towbin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Towbin JA, McKenna WJ, Abrams DJ, Ackerman MJ, Calkins H, Darrieux FCC, et al. 2019 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation, risk stratification, and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.05.007.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"5","key":"1167_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaf019","volume":"49","author":"W Care","year":"2025","unstructured":"Care W, Magny R, Vodovar D, Saint-Leger FB, Langrand J, Laborde-Casterot H, et al. Identification of 4F-MDMB-BICA using a molecular network strategy in a case of severe poisoning with coma. J Anal Toxicol. 2025;49(5):364\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkaf019.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"1167_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2025.117549","volume":"505","author":"Y Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu Y, Zhang S, Shi X, Kuai L, Chen Y, Li K, et al. Differential cannabinoid-like effects, receptor affinity and physiologically based pharmacokinetics of the synthetic cannabinoids 4F-MDMB-BINACA, 4F-MDMB-BICA and 5F-MDMB-PICA in mice: a comparative study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2025;505:117549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2025.117549.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"1167_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2023.116548","volume":"470","author":"S Dvoracsko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dvoracsko S, Kormoczi T, Sija E, Bende B, Weiczner R, Varga T, et al. Focusing on the 5F-MDMB-PICA, 4F-MDMB-BICA synthetic cannabinoids and their primary metabolites in analytical and pharmacological aspects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2023;470:116548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2023.116548.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"1167_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2024.115988","volume":"241","author":"Y Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Y, Li X, Xu P, Yan F, Wang D. Comparative pharmacokinetic and intracerebral distribution of MDMB-4F-BICA in mice following inhalation ('vapor\u2019) and subcutaneous injection. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2024;241:115988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpba.2024.115988.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"13","key":"1167_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-022-04034-2","volume":"414","author":"H Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li H, Qian Z, Zhao Y, Zheng H. Study on the metabolic process of synthetic cannabinoids 4F-MDMB-BINACA and 4F-MDMB-BICA in human liver microsome and zebrafish model via UHPLC-QE Orbitrap MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2022;414(13):3905\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-022-04034-2.","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"1167_CR109","unstructured":"NMS Labs. Synthetic Cannabinoids Screen, Blood-9560B. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.nmslabs.com\/tests\/synthetic-cannabinoids-screen-blood-9560b."},{"key":"1167_CR110","unstructured":"Walton SE, Papsun DM, Felicella MM, Hill V, Krotulski AJ, Logan BK. Synthetic cannabinoid prevalence in prison deaths. In: National Association of Medical Examiners (abstract 12.4); 2025 Louisville, KY, USA. 2025."},{"key":"1167_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10040152","author":"A Argo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Argo A, Zerbo S, Buscemi R, Trignano C, Bertol E, Albano GD, et al. A forensic diagnostic algorithm for drug-related deaths: a case series. Toxics. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics10040152.","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"1167_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.02.024","volume":"261","author":"P Adamowicz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adamowicz P. Fatal intoxication with synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-CHMICA. Forensic Sci Int. 2016;261:e5-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.02.024.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"1167_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2019.1580371","volume":"57","author":"P Adamowicz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adamowicz P, Meissner E, Maslanka M. Fatal intoxication with new synthetic cannabinoids AMB-FUBINACA and EMB-FUBINACA. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2019;57(11):1103\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15563650.2019.1580371.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"1167_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.10.042","volume":"281","author":"V Angerer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Angerer V, Jacobi S, Franz F, Auwarter V, Pietsch J. Three fatalities associated with the synthetic cannabinoids 5F-ADB, 5F-PB-22, and AB-CHMINACA. Forensic Sci Int. 2017;281:e9-15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.10.042.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"1167_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bku048","volume":"38","author":"G Behonick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Behonick G, Shanks KG, Firchau DJ, Mathur G, Lynch CF, Nashelsky M, et al. Four postmortem case reports with quantitative detection of the synthetic cannabinoid, 5f-pb-22. J Anal Toxicol. 2014;38(8):559\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bku048.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1167_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2019.1647344","volume":"58","author":"S Darke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Darke S, Duflou J, Farrell M, Peacock A, Lappin J. Characteristics and circumstances of synthetic cannabinoid-related death. Clin Toxicol Phila. 2020;58(5):368\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15563650.2019.1647344.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol Phila"},{"key":"1167_CR117","first-page":"482","volume":"106","author":"J Giero\u0144","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giero\u0144 J, Adamowicz P. Fatal poisoning with the synthetic cannabinoid AB-CHMINACA and ethyl alcohol \u2013 a case study and literature review. Probl Forensic Sci. 2016;106:482\u201395.","journal-title":"Probl Forensic Sci"},{"key":"1167_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-014-0245-6","volume":"33","author":"K Hasegawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hasegawa K, Wurita A, Minakata K, Gonmori K, Nozawa H, Yamagishi I, et al. Postmortem distribution of AB-CHMINACA, 5-fluoro-AMB, and diphenidine in body fluids and solid tissues in a fatal poisoning case: usefulness of adipose tissue for detection of the drugs in unchanged forms. Forensic Toxicol. 2015;33:45\u201353.","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1167_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz092","volume":"44","author":"JA Hvozdovich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hvozdovich JA, Chronister CW, Logan BK, Goldberger BA. Case report: synthetic cannabinoid deaths in state of Florida prisoners. J Anal Toxicol. 2020;44(3):298\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkz092.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"1167_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.005","volume":"297","author":"ID Ivanov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ivanov ID, Stoykova S, Ivanova E, Vlahova A, Burdzhiev N, Pantcheva I, et al. A case of 5F-ADB \/ FUB-AMB abuse: drug-induced or drug-related death? Forensic Sci Int. 2019;297:372\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.005.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1167_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2019.04.01","volume":"65","author":"K Kovacs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kovacs K, Kereszty E, Berkecz R, Tiszlavicz L, Sija E, Kormoczi T, et al. Fatal intoxication of a regular drug user following N-ethyl-hexedrone and ADB-FUBINACA consumption. J Forensic Leg Med. 2019;65:92\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2019.04.01.","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1167_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2215","volume":"10","author":"M Kusano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kusano M, Zaitsu K, Taki K, Hisatsune K, Nakajima J, Moriyasu T, et al. Fatal intoxication by 5F-ADB and diphenidine: detection, quantification, and investigation of their main metabolic pathways in humans by LC\/MS\/MS and LC\/Q-TOFMS. Drug Test Anal. 2018;10(2):284\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.2215.","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal"},{"key":"1167_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.12.046","volume":"260","author":"LM Labay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Labay LM, Caruso JL, Gilson TP, Phipps RJ, Knight LD, Lemos NP, et al. Synthetic cannabinoid drug use as a cause or contributory cause of death. Forensic Sci Int. 2016;260:31\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.12.046.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"1167_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2017.1340648","volume":"56","author":"H Maeda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maeda H, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Kawamura M, Nagashima E, Yoshida KI. AB-CHMINACA-induced sudden death from non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2018;56(2):143\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15563650.2017.1340648.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1167_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13704","volume":"63","author":"ABM Paul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paul ABM, Simms L, Amini S, Paul AE. Teens and spice: a review of adolescent fatalities associated with synthetic cannabinoid use. J Forensic Sci. 2018;63(4):1321\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13704.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"1167_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-013-0190-9","volume":"31","author":"T Saito","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saito T, Namera A, Miura N, Ohta S, Miyazaki S, Osawa M, et al. A fatal case of MAM-2201 poisoning. Forensic Toxicol. 2013;31:333\u20137.","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol"},{"key":"1167_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-014-0246-5","volume":"33","author":"C Sasaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sasaki C, Saito T, Shinozuka T, Irie W, Murakami C, Maeda K, et al. A case of death caused by abuse of a synthetic cannabinoid N-1-naphthalenyl-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide. Forensic Toxicol. 2015;33:165\u20139.","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol"},{"issue":"Special Issue","key":"1167_CR128","first-page":"248","volume":"80","author":"N Schaefer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schaefer N, Peters B, Bregel D, Kneisel S, Auwaerter V, Schmidt PH, et al. A fatal case involving several synthetic cannabinoids. Toxichem Krimtech. 2013;80(Special Issue):248\u201351.","journal-title":"Toxichem Krimtech"},{"key":"1167_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.04.021","volume":"252","author":"KG Shanks","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shanks KG, Winston D, Heidingsfelder J, Behonick G. Case reports of synthetic cannabinoid XLR-11 associated fatalities. Forensic Sci Int. 2015;252:e6-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.04.021.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1167_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.03.004","volume":"262","author":"KG Shanks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shanks KG, Behonick GS. Death after use of the synthetic cannabinoid 5F-AMB. Forensic Sci Int. 2016;262:e21-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.03.004.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1167_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkv142","volume":"40","author":"KG Shanks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shanks KG, Clark W, Behonick G. Death associated with the use of the synthetic cannabinoid ADB-FUBINACA. J Anal Toxicol. 2016;40(3):236\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkv142.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"1167_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2021.102004","volume":"54","author":"G Simon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Simon G, Toth D, Heckmann V, Kuzma M, Mayer M. Lethal case of myocardial ischemia following overdose of the synthetic cannabinoid ADB-FUBINACA. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2022;54:102004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.legalmed.2021.102004.","journal-title":"Leg Med (Tokyo)"},{"key":"1167_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11080673","author":"G Simon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Simon G, Kuzma M, Mayer M, Petrus K, Toth D. Fatal overdose with the cannabinoid receptor agonists MDMB-4en-PINACA and 4F-ABUTINACA: a case report and review of the literature. Toxics. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics11080673.","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-020-00334-0","volume":"17","author":"M Tiemensma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tiemensma M, Rutherford JD, Scott T, Karch S. Emergence of Cumyl-PEGACLONE-related fatalities in the Northern Territory of Australia. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2021;17(1):3\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-020-00334-0.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1167_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12521","volume":"44","author":"R Tse","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tse R, Kodur S, Squires B, Collins N. Sudden cardiac death complicating acute myocardial infarction following synthetic cannabinoid use. Intern Med J. 2014;44(9):934\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imj.12521.","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1167_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1505328","volume":"373","author":"J Trecki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trecki J, Gerona RR, Schwartz MD. Synthetic cannabinoid-related illnesses and deaths. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(2):103\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp1505328.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1167_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx088","volume":"42","author":"K Usui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Usui K, Fujita Y, Kamijo Y, Kokaji T, Funayama M. Identification of 5-fluoro ADB in human whole blood in four death cases. J Anal Toxicol. 2018;42(2):e21-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkx088.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkv110","volume":"40","author":"AA Westin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Westin AA, Frost J, Brede WR, Gundersen PO, Einvik S, Aarset H, et al. Sudden cardiac death following use of the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-CHMICA. J Anal Toxicol. 2016;40(1):86\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkv110.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1167_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bks086","volume":"37","author":"M Wikstrom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wikstrom M, Thelander G, Dahlgren M, Kronstrand R. An accidental fatal intoxication with methoxetamine. J Anal Toxicol. 2013;37(1):43\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bks086.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"1167_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.06.024","volume":"302","author":"O Yeter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yeter O, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk YE. Detection and quantification of 5F-ADB and its methyl ester hydrolysis metabolite in fatal intoxication cases by liquid chromatography\u2013high resolution mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int. 2019;302:109866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.06.024.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01167-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01167-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01167-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:27:53Z","timestamp":1777544873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01167-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":140,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-025-01167-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-2891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-2891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This case report was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines and does not fall within the definition of research requiring Research Ethics Board review per the second edition of the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS 2). Informed consent for publication was obtained from the next of kin of the deceased individual, who was assured that all presented data would be deidentified and that no sensitive information would be disclosed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}