{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:50:05Z","timestamp":1792090205784,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Sci Med Pathol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-026-01172-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T11:28:00Z","timestamp":1768908480000},"page":"1064-1069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fatal tracheostomy-site hemorrhage in blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Pradelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Helenowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Woertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1435-1819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Gitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"45","key":"1172_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17254","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i45.17254","volume":"20","author":"XL Jin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jin XL, Wang ZH, Xiao XB, Huang LS, Zhao XY. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: a case report and literature review. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(45):17254\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v20.i45.17254.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1172_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348221084949","volume":"89","author":"CN Shewmake","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shewmake CN, Stephenson KJ, Bonasso PC, Odiase E, Richter GT, Bhavaraju AV, et al. Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome: a rare case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage necessitating bowel resection. Am Surg. 2023;89(6):2934\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348221084949.","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"1172_CR3","first-page":"267","volume":"11","author":"GG Gascoyen","year":"1860","unstructured":"Gascoyen GG. Case of nevus involving the parotid gland and causing death from suffocation: nevi of the viscera. Trans Pathol Soc Lond. 1860;11:267.","journal-title":"Trans Pathol Soc Lond"},{"key":"1172_CR4","unstructured":"Bean WB. Blue rubber bleb nevi of the skin and gastrointestinal tract. In: Vascular Spiders and Related Lesions of the Skin. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1958. p. 178\u201385."},{"issue":"5","key":"1172_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.4174\/jkss.2012.83.5.316","volume":"83","author":"KK Choi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choi KK, Kim JY, Kim MJ, Park H, Choi DW, Choi SH, et al. Radical resection of intestinal blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. J Korean Surg Soc. 2012;83(5):316\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4174\/jkss.2012.83.5.316.","journal-title":"J Korean Surg Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1172_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4103\/cjhr.cjhr_57_18","volume":"6","author":"R Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma R, Bodh V, Sharma B, Sharma V, Mahajan S. Rare cause of recurrent iron deficiency anemia. CHRISMED J Health Res. 2019;6(1):67\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/cjhr.cjhr_57_18.","journal-title":"CHRISMED J Health Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1172_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-30172","volume":"12","author":"M D\u00f2mini","year":"2002","unstructured":"D\u00f2mini M, Aquino A, Fakhro A, Tursini S, Marino N, Di Matteo S, et al. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome and gastrointestinal haemorrhage: which treatment? Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2002;12(2):129\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2002-30172.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1172_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.07.034","volume":"137","author":"J Soblet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soblet J, Kangas J, N\u00e4tynki M, Mendola A, Helaers R, Uebelhoer M, et al. Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus (BRBN) Syndrome is caused by somatic TEK (TIE2) mutations. J Invest Dermatol. 2017;137(1):207\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2016.07.034.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1172_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2025.1516562","volume":"16","author":"Y Xing","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xing Y, Liu H, Liu H, Ding X, Jing X. Genetic mutation and blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: case reports and literature review. Front Genet. 2025;16:1516562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2025.1516562.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"1172_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2008.05.019","volume":"40","author":"RC Patel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patel RC, Zynger DL, Laskin WB. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: novel lymphangiomatosis-like growth pattern within the uterus and immunohistochemical analysis. Hum Pathol. 2009;40(3):413\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2008.05.019.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"1172_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00176","volume":"11","author":"G Anw\u00e1r","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anw\u00e1r G, Elma PA, Adib JS, Ilse MN, Alonso GR, Ciltlaltepelt SL, et al. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome with multiple cavernoma-like lesions on MRI: a familial case report and literature review. Front Neurol. 2020;11:176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00176.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1172_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-010-0250-4","volume":"31","author":"G Tomelleri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tomelleri G, Cappellari M, Di Matteo A, Zanoni T, Colato C, Bovi P, et al. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome with late onset of central nervous system symptomatic involvement. Neurol Sci. 2010;31(4):501\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-010-0250-4.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1172_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.02.033","volume":"20","author":"AS Kamat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamat AS, Aliashkevich AF. Spinal cord compression in a patient with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. J Clin Neurosci. 2013;20(3):467\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.02.033.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1172_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.8.PEDS13627","volume":"14","author":"G Rajah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rajah G, To CY, Sood S, Ham S, Altinok D, Poulik J, Haridas A. Epidural spinal cord compression in a patient with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2014;14(5):486\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.8.PEDS13627.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1172_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.2.760","volume":"124","author":"LK Gilbey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gilbey LK, et al. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: endobronchial involvement presenting as chronic cough. Chest. 2003;124(2):760\u20133.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"1172_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.2.760","volume":"124","author":"LK Gilbey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gilbey LK, Girod CE. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: endobronchial involvement presenting as chronic cough. Chest. 2003;124(2):760\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.124.2.760.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"1172_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2004.07.004","volume":"13","author":"C Giordano","year":"2004","unstructured":"Giordano C, Battagliese A, di Gioia CR, Campagna D, Benedetti F, Travaglini C, et al. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome and pulmonary hypertension: an unusual association. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2004;13(6):317\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carpath.2004.07.004.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1172_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.311.5858","volume":"31","author":"S Ning","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ning S, Zhang Y, Zu Z, Mao X, Mao G. Enteroscopic sclerotherapy in blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2015;31(1):226\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.311.5858.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1172_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1080","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3611","volume":"129","author":"H Yuksekkaya","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yuksekkaya H, Ozbek O, Keser M, Toy H. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: successful treatment with sirolimus. Pediatrics. 2012;129(4):e1080\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2010-3611.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1172_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7654278","volume":"2018","author":"UO Ogu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ogu UO, Abusin G, Abu-Arja RF, Staber JM. Successful management of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) with sirolimus. Case Rep Pediatr. 2018;2018:7654278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7654278.","journal-title":"Case Rep Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1172_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.001","volume":"57","author":"A Becq","year":"2025","unstructured":"Becq A, Bisdorff A, Riccioni ME, Blaise S, Mallet S, Toth E, et al. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: a European multicenter cohort study. Dig Liver Dis. 2025;57(2):603\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2024.10.001.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"1172_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11795476231173503","volume":"16","author":"QA Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan QA, Farkouh C, Khan A, Uddin Z, Abdi P, R Anthony M, et al. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome presenting as anemia, hemorrhage, and hemangiomas: a rare case report. Clin Med Insights Case Rep. 2023;16:11795476231173503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11795476231173503.","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Case Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1172_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410030522","volume":"3","author":"EA Waybright","year":"1978","unstructured":"Waybright EA, Selhorst JB, Rosenblum WI, Suter CG. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome with CNS involvement and thrombosis of a vein of Galen malformation. Ann Neurol. 1978;3(5):464\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410030522.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1172_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1159\/000077846","volume":"208","author":"H Apak","year":"2004","unstructured":"Apak H, Celkan T, Ozkan A, Yildiz I, Aydemir EH, Ozdil S, et al. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome associated with consumption coagulopathy: treatment with interferon. Dermatology. 2004;208(4):345\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000077846.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1172_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12718","volume":"33","author":"J Ocampo-Garza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ocampo-Garza J, Salas-Alan\u00eds JC, Ponce-Camacho MA, Rosales-Solis GM, Miranda Maldonado I, Elizondo-Riojas G, et al. Fatal outcome from brain vascular lesions in a neonate with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol. 2016;33(1):e29-31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pde.12718.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1172_CR26","first-page":"229","volume":"44","author":"C Sa\u011flam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sa\u011flam C, Acarbulut \u0130, \u00c7elik K. Fatal blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome in a newborn. Erciyes Med J. 2022;44(2):229\u201331.","journal-title":"Erciyes Med J"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-026-01172-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12024-026-01172-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-026-01172-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:02:04Z","timestamp":1792087324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12024-026-01172-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-026-01172-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-2891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-2891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable; only data collected in the process of a routine medico-legal \\ investigation ordered by the legal authorities are described in this case report. The case is anonymized and unnecessary information about the decedent has been omitted. le","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Cook County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, or University of Campania.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclosure","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author declares no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}