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Urine samples used for method development and validation were anonymised and obtained from routine laboratory procedures, per standard forensic toxicology practice. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not required under the relevant institutional and national guidelines.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Artificial intelligence tools (specifically OpenAI\u2019s ChatGPT) were used for\n                      language streamlining\n                      ,\n                      sentence restructuring\n                      , and\n                      improving grammatical precision\n                      , without influencing scientific interpretation, data analysis, or conclusions. The authors confirm that all scientific content, data interpretation, and conclusions were developed independently without reliance on AI tools.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"AI use","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}