{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:50:17Z","timestamp":1792090217571,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Sci Med Pathol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-026-01218-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T04:39:09Z","timestamp":1782189549000},"page":"1113-1118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Recognizing pellagra with Casal\u2019s necklace: a fatal case of anorexia nervosa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7598-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Unuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobutaka","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryohei","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoka","family":"Umemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanao","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1218_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3390\/epidemiologia3020015","volume":"3","author":"JW Frank","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frank JW. Prevention and control strategies for non-communicable disease: Goldberger, Pellagra and Rose revisited. Epidemiologia. 2022;3:191\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/epidemiologia3020015.","journal-title":"Epidemiologia"},{"key":"1218_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689709001114","volume":"90","author":"JS Hampl","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hampl JS, Hampl WS 3rd. Pellagra and the origin of a myth: evidence from European literature and folklore. J R Soc Med. 1997;90:636\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014107689709001114.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"1218_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021001336","volume":"24","author":"M Viljoen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Viljoen M, Bipath P, Tosh C. Pellagra in South Africa from 1897 to 2019: a scoping review. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24:2062\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980021001336.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"1218_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz004","volume":"54","author":"VL Narasimha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Narasimha VL, Ganesh S, Reddy S, Shukla L, Mukherjee D, Kandasamy A, Chand PK, Benegal V, Murthy P. Pellagra and alcohol dependence syndrome: Findings from a tertiary care addiction treatment centre in India. Alcohol Alcohol. 2019;54:148\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agz004.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"1218_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12659","volume":"37","author":"D Prabhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prabhu D, Dawe RS, Mponda K. Pellagra a review exploring causes and mechanisms, including isoniazid-induced pellagra. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2021;37:99\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phpp.12659.","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"1218_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2002.01551.x","volume":"41","author":"K Karthikeyan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Karthikeyan K, Thappa DM. Pellagra and skin. Int J Dermatol. 2002;41:476\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2002.01551.x.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"1218_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003","volume":"7","author":"CY Wong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wong CY, Chu DH. Cutaneous signs of nutritional disorders. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2021;7:647\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003.","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"1218_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200506030-00003","volume":"6","author":"R Strumia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Strumia R. Dermatologic signs in patients with eating disorders. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6:165\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00128071-200506030-00003.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"1218_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1940-0640-7-12","volume":"7","author":"MA Oldham","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oldham MA, Ivkovic A. Pellagrous encephalopathy presenting as alcohol withdrawal delirium: a case series and literature review. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2012;7:12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1940-0640-7-12.","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"key":"1218_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660020113032","volume":"121","author":"MJ Rapaport","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rapaport MJ. Pellagra in a patient with anorexia nervosa. Arch Dermatol. 1985;121:255\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660020113032.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"1218_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1991.tb06044.x","volume":"125","author":"LE Judd","year":"1991","unstructured":"Judd LE, Poskitt BL. Pellagra in a patient with an eating disorder. Br J Dermatol. 1991;125:71\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1991.tb06044.x.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1218_CR12","unstructured":"Planning and investigation committee of the Japanese society of legal medicine. Weights and sizes of internal organs in forensic autopsy cases (2009\u2009~\u20092013). 2015. http:\/\/www.jslm.jp\/problem\/zouki.pdf. Accessed 21 Oct 2025."},{"key":"1218_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1346","volume":"24","author":"K Shimbo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shimbo K, Kubo S, Harada Y, Oonuki T, Yokokura T, Yoshida H, Amao M, Nakamura M, Kageyama N, Yamazaki J, Ozawa S, Hirayama K, Ando T, Miura J, Miyano H. Automated precolumn derivatization system for analyzing physiological amino acids by liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr. 2010;24:683\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bmc.1346.","journal-title":"Biomed Chromatogr"},{"key":"1218_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563215583360","volume":"53","author":"H Yamamoto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yamamoto H, Kondo K, Tanaka T, Muramatsu T, Yoshida H, Imaizumi A, Nagao K, Noguchi Y, Miyano H. Reference intervals for plasma-free amino acid in a Japanese population. Ann Clin Biochem. 2016;53:357\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0004563215583360.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"1218_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876695","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2022.876695","volume":"3","author":"L Di Bartolomeo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Bartolomeo L, Irrera N, Campo GM, Borgia F, Motolese A, Vaccaro F, Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Condorelli AG, Motolese A, Vaccaro M. Drug-induced photosensitivity: clinical types of phototoxicity and photoallergy and pathogenetic mechanisms. Front Allergy. 2022;3:876695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/falgy.2022.876695.","journal-title":"Front Allergy"},{"key":"1218_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10163.x","volume":"164","author":"P Wan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wan P, Moat S, Anstey A. Pellagra: a review with emphasis on photosensitivity. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164:1188\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10163.x.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1218_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.1.5.10193","volume":"1","author":"R Strumia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Strumia R. Skin signs in anorexia nervosa. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009;1:268\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/derm.1.5.10193.","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol"},{"key":"1218_CR18","first-page":"480","volume-title":"Lever\u2019s histopathology of the skin","author":"WF Lever","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lever WF, Schaumburg-Lever G, Elder DE. Lever\u2019s histopathology of the skin. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health\/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014. p. 480.","edition":"11"},{"key":"1218_CR19","volume-title":"Barnhill & Crowson\u2019s textbook of dermatopathology","author":"RL Barnhill","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barnhill RL, Crowson AN. Barnhill & Crowson\u2019s textbook of dermatopathology. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2010.","edition":"2"},{"key":"1218_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adengl.2011.05.003","volume":"103","author":"E Piqu\u00e9-Duran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Piqu\u00e9-Duran E, P\u00e9rez-Cejudo JA, Cameselle D, Palacios-Llopis S, Garc\u00eda-V\u00e1zquez O. Pellagra: a clinical, histopathological, and epidemiological study of 7 cases. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:51\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adengl.2011.05.003.","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"1218_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a045135","volume":"26","author":"H Vannucchi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vannucchi H, Moreno FS, Amarante AR, de Oliveira JE, Marchini JS. Plasma amino acid patterns in alcoholic pellagra patients. Alcohol Alcohol. 1991;26:431\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a045135.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"1218_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10050213","volume":"10","author":"S Hardikar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hardikar S, Albrechtsen RD, Achaintre D, Lin T, Pauleck S, Playdon M, Holowatyj AN, Gigic B, Schrotz-King P, Boehm J, Habermann N, Brezina S, Gsur A, van Roekel EH, Weijenberg MP, Keski-Rahkonen P, Scalbert A, Ose J, Ulrich CM. Impact of pre-blood collection factors on plasma metabolomic profiles. Metabolites. 2020;10:213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo10050213.","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"1218_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.01.026","volume":"455","author":"S Takehana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Takehana S, Yoshida H, Ozawa S, Yamazaki J, Shimbo K, Nakayama A, Mizukoshi T, Miyano H. The effects of pre-analysis sample handling on human plasma amino acid concentrations. Clin Chim Acta. 2016;455:68\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2016.01.026.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-026-01218-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12024-026-01218-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12024-026-01218-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:02:15Z","timestamp":1792087335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12024-026-01218-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-026-01218-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-2891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-2891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Study approval was granted by the ethics committee of our university (registration number: R05-060).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the bereaved families to use the individual data for academic research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}