{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:36:38Z","timestamp":1790739398912,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-018-9047-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T23:02:37Z","timestamp":1545174157000},"page":"668-674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Intravenous immunoglobulins for rheumatic disorders and thromboembolic events\u2014a case series and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Merav","family":"Lidar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sewar","family":"Masarwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pnina","family":"Rotman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Or","family":"Carmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noa","family":"Rabinowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"9047_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20195","volume":"50","author":"Y Levy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levy Y, Amital H, Langevitz P, Nacci F, Righi A, Conforti L, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin modulates cutaneous involvement and reduces skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis: an open-label study. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:1005\u20137.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"9047_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.02.008","volume":"16","author":"S Sanges","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sanges S, Rivi\u00e8re S, Mekinian A, Martin T, le Quellec A, Chatelus E, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin in systemic sclerosis: data from a French nationwide cohort of 46 patients and review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev. 2017;16:377\u201384.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"9047_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:29:3:219","volume":"29","author":"G Zandman-Goddard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zandman-Goddard G, Levy Y, Shoenfeld Y. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2005;29:219\u201328.","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"9047_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2005.11.016","volume":"6","author":"MC Dalakas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dalakas MC. The role of high-dose immune globulin intravenous in the treatment of dermatomyositis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006;6:550\u20136.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"9047_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/93.7.433","volume":"93","author":"DR Jayne","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jayne DR, Chapel H, Adu D, Misbah S, O\u2019Donoghue D, Scott D, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin for ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis with persistent disease activity. Qjm. 2000;93:433\u20139.","journal-title":"Qjm"},{"key":"9047_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930500059633","volume":"38","author":"Y Shoenfeld","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shoenfeld Y, Katz U. IVIG therapy in autoimmunity and related disorders: our experience with a large cohort of patients. Autoimmunity. 2005;38:123\u201337.","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"9047_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.3.674","volume":"47","author":"TH Brannagan 3rd","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brannagan TH 3rd, Nagle KJ, Lange DJ, Rowland LP. Complications of intravenous immune globulin treatment in neurologic disease. Neurology. 1996;47:674\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9047_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-1085-1","volume":"250","author":"M Stangel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stangel M, Kiefer R, Pette M, Smolka MN, Marx P, Gold R. Side effects of intravenous immunoglobulin in neurological autoimmune disorders--a prospective study. J Neurol. 2003;250:818\u201321.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"9047_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:29:3:173","volume":"29","author":"H Orbach","year":"2005","unstructured":"Orbach H, Katz U, Sherer Y, Shoenfeld Y. Intravenous immunoglobulin: adverse effects and safe administration. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2005;29:173\u201384.","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"9047_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1G104","volume":"39","author":"SB Stenton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stenton SB, Dalen D, Wilbur K. Myocardial infarction associated with intravenous immune globulin. Ann Pharmacother. 2005;39:2114\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"9047_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2003.00542.x","volume":"10","author":"R Zaidan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zaidan R, Al Moallem M, Wani BA, et al. Thrombosis complicating high dose intravenous immunoglobulin: report of three cases and review of the literature. Eur J Neurol. 2003;10:367\u201372.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"9047_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200205000-00010","volume":"323","author":"O Fruchter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fruchter O, Blich M, Jacob G. Fatal acute myocardial infarction during severe thrombocytopenia in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Med Sci. 2002;323:279\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"9047_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mbc.0000172694.85233.a8","volume":"16","author":"D Paran","year":"2005","unstructured":"Paran D, Herishanu Y, Elkayam O, Shopin L, Ben-Ami R. Venous and arterial thrombosis following administration of intravenous immunoglobulin. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2005;16:313\u20138.","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"9047_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07390.x","volume":"155","author":"I Marie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marie I, Maurey G, Herve F, Hellot MF, Levesque H. Intravenous immunoglobulin-associated arterial and venous thrombosis; report of a series and review of the literature. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155:714\u201321.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9047_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21107","volume":"83","author":"PY Tam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tam PY, Richardson M, Grewal S. Fatal case of bilateral internal jugular vein thrombosis following IVIG infusion in an adolescent girl treated for ITP. Am J Hematol. 2008;83:323\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"9047_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1160\/TH06-09-0503","volume":"96","author":"I Marie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marie I, Herve F, Kerleau JM, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin-associated vena cava thrombosis. Thromb Haemost. 2006;96:849\u201351.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"9047_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03589.x","volume":"52","author":"GW Daniel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daniel GW, Menis M, Sridhar G, Scott D, Wallace AE, Ovanesov MV, et al. Immune globulins and thrombotic adverse events as recorded in a large administrative database in 2008 through 2010. Transfusion. 2012;52:2113\u201321.","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"9047_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-05-647552","volume":"127","author":"EM Ammann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ammann EM, Jones MP, Link BK, et al. Intravenous immune globulin and thromboembolic adverse events in patients with hematologic malignancy. Blood. 2016;127:200\u20137.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"9047_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2014.03.046","volume":"133","author":"E Ram\u00edrez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez E, Romero-Garrido JA, L\u00f3pez-Granados E. Symptomatic thromboembolic events in patients treated with intravenous- immunoglobulins: results from a retrospective cohort study. Thromb Res. 2014;133:1045\u201351.","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"9047_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24358","volume":"91","author":"EM Ammann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ammann EM, Haskins CB, Fillman KM, Ritter RL, Gu X, Winiecki SK, et al. Intravenous immune globulin and thromboembolic adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Am J Hematol. 2016;91:594\u2013605.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"9047_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.1.77","volume":"59","author":"O Elkayam","year":"2000","unstructured":"Elkayam O, Paran D, Milo R, Davidovitz Y, Almoznino-Sarafian D, Zeltser D, et al. Acute myocardial infarction associated with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin infusion for autoimmune disorders. A study of four cases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59:77\u201380.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"9047_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1422.053","volume":"1108","author":"G Zandman-Goddard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zandman-Goddard G, Tweezer-Zaks N, Shalev T, et al. A novel overlap syndrome: systemic sclerosis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome--a case series. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1108:497\u2013504.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"9047_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670050158","volume":"19","author":"Y Levy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Levy Y, Sherer Y, Langevitz P, Lorber M, Rotman P, Fabrizzi F, et al. Skin score decrease in systemic sclerosis patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin--a preliminary report. Clin Rheumatol. 2000;19:207\u201311.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"9047_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.2.175","volume":"62","author":"H Amital","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amital H, Rewald E, Levy Y, Bar-Dayan Y, Manthorpe R, Engervall P, et al. Fibrosis regression induced by intravenous gammaglobulin treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:175\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"9047_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07777.x","volume":"156","author":"H Ihn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ihn H, Mimura Y, Yazawa N, Jinnin M, Asano Y, Yamane K, et al. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin infusion as treatment for diffuse scleroderma. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156:1058\u201360.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9047_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-004-0895-2","volume":"83","author":"D Hefer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hefer D, Jaloudi M. Thromboembolic events as an emerging adverse effect during high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in elderly patients: a case report and discussion of the relevant literature. Ann Hematol. 2004;83:661\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"9047_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000008040","volume":"41","author":"R Sztajzel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sztajzel R, Le Floch-Rohr J, Eggimann P. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and cerebral vasospasm: a possible mechanism of ischemic encephalopathy? Eur Neurol. 1999;41:153\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"9047_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.2.223","volume":"44","author":"MC Dalakas","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dalakas MC. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin and serum viscosity: risk of precipitating thromboembolic events. Neurology. 1994;44:223\u20136.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9047_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.69.962","volume":"69","author":"R Baba","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baba R, Shibata A, Tsurusawa M. Single high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for Kawasaki disease increases plasma viscosity. Circ J. 2005;69:962\u20134.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"9047_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20287","volume":"78","author":"DT Alexandrescu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alexandrescu DT, Dutcher JP, Hughes JT, Kaplan J, Wiernik PH. Strokes after intravenous gamma globulin: thrombotic phenomenon in patients with risk factors or just coincidence? Am J Hematol. 2005;78:216\u201320.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"9047_CR31","unstructured":"Roemisch JR, Kaar W, Zoechling A, et al. Identification of activated FXI as the major biochemical root cause in IVIG batches associated with thromboembolic events. Analytical and experimental approaches resulting in corrective and preventive measures implemented into the Octagam\u00ae manufacturing process. WebmedCentral. 2011:2."},{"key":"9047_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolberg, AS, Kon RH, Monroe DM et al. Coagulation factor FXI is a contaminant in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. Am J Hematol, 2000; 65: 30\u201334.","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8652(200009)65:1<30::AID-AJH5>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"9047_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2011.01502.x","volume":"102","author":"M Etscheid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Etscheid M, Breitner-Ruddock SGA, et al. Identification of kallikrein and FXIa as impurities in therapeutic immunoglobulins: implications for the safety and control of intravenous blood products. Vox Sang. 2012;102:40\u20136.","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"9047_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2016.11.002","volume":"45","author":"DH Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park DH, Kang GB, Kang DE, et al. A new manufacturing process to remove thrombogenic factors (II, VII, IX, X, and XI) from intravenous immunoglobulin gamma preparations. Biologicals. 2017;45:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"9047_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.11.026","volume":"133","author":"U Salge-Bartels","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salge-Bartels U, Heiden M, Gro\u00df N, Seitz R. Significance of platelet and monocyte activation for therapeutic immunoglobulin-induced thromboembolism. Thromb Res. 2014;133:244\u201353.","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"9047_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12307","volume":"110","author":"CF Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu CF, Hou JF, Shen LZ, Gao K, Rao CM, Yang PY, et al. Acute pulmonary embolism caused by highly aggregated intravenous immunoglobulin. Vox Sang. 2016;110:27\u201335.","journal-title":"Vox Sang"}],"container-title":["Immunologic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12026-018-9047-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12026-018-9047-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12026-018-9047-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:22:46Z","timestamp":1576714966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12026-018-9047-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12026-018-9047-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0257-277X","1559-0755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0257-277X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}}]}}