{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T15:49:54Z","timestamp":1775576994145,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunol Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-026-09773-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T14:50:05Z","timestamp":1775573405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subcutaneous Sweet Syndrome as an uncommon mucocutaneous manifestation in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7012-8419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Cim\u00e9-Ak\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Arriaga Escamilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7965-5872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"R\u00edos-Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3157-6665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Saeb-Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6576-1159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilda","family":"Fragoso-Loyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"9773_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.2315","volume":"331","author":"CH Siegel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Siegel CH, Sammaritano LR. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review. JAMA. 2024;331(17):1480\u201391.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"9773_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2022.05.020","volume":"135","author":"A Schattner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schattner A. Unusual Presentations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Narrative Review. Am J Med. 2022;135(10):1178\u201387.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"9773_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2022.09.005","volume":"98","author":"ECSD Vale","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vale ECSD, Garcia LC. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a review of etiopathogenic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Bras Dermatol. 2023;98(3):355\u201372.","journal-title":"Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9773_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000002836","volume":"47","author":"A Fernandez-Flores","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fernandez-Flores A. Conceptual Contextualization of Neutrophilic Dermatoses. Am J Dermatopathol. 2025;47(5):337\u201354.","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9773_CR5","first-page":"374","volume":"21","author":"H Bonnekoh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bonnekoh H, Erpenbeck L. Neutrophilic dermatoses - Pathomechanistic concepts and therapeutic developments. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2023;21(4):374\u201380.","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"issue":"4","key":"9773_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70215-2","volume":"31","author":"P von den Driesch","year":"1994","unstructured":"von den Driesch P. Sweet\u2019s syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis). J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994;31(4):535\u201356.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9773_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660060103031","volume":"121","author":"DK Goette","year":"1985","unstructured":"Goette DK. Sweet\u2019s syndrome in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol. 1985;121(6):789\u201391.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9773_CR8","first-page":"1174","volume":"140","author":"JW Choi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Choi JW, Chung KY. Sweet\u2019s syndrome with systemic lupus erythematosus and herpes zoster. Br J Dermatol. 1999;140(6):1174\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"9773_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203305lu2236xx","volume":"14","author":"JM Burnham","year":"2005","unstructured":"Burnham JM, Cron RQ. Sweet syndrome as an initial presentation in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2005;14(12):974\u20135.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"5","key":"9773_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203305lu2083cr","volume":"14","author":"TY Hou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hou TY, Chang DM, Gao HW, Chen CH, Chen HC, Lai JH. Sweet\u2019s syndrome as an initial presentation in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and review of the literature. Lupus. 2005;14(5):399\u2013402.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"11","key":"9773_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00559.x","volume":"33","author":"BC Gleason","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gleason BC, Zembowicz A, Granter SR. Non-bullous neutrophilic dermatosis: an uncommon dermatologic manifestation in patients with lupus erythematosus. J Cutan Pathol. 2006;33(11):721\u20135.","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"9773_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.11.1495","volume":"144","author":"D Camarillo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Camarillo D, McCalmont TH, Frieden IJ, Gilliam AE. Two pediatric cases of nonbullous histiocytoid neutrophilic dermatitis presenting as a cutaneous manifestation of lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144(11):1495\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9773_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.82","volume":"145","author":"NF Fernandes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fernandes NF, Castelo-Soccio L, Kim EJ, Werth VP. Sweet syndrome associated with new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in a 25-year-old man. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145(5):608\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9773_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203308100046","volume":"18","author":"N Gollol-Raju","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gollol-Raju N, Bravin M, Crittenden D. Sweet\u2019s syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2009;18(4):377\u20138.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"9773_CR15","first-page":"242681","volume":"2011","author":"JL Barton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barton JL, Pincus L, Yazdany J, Richman N, McCalmont TH, Gensler L, et al. Association of Sweet\u2019s Syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Case Rep Rheumatol. 2011;2011:242681.","journal-title":"Case Rep Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9773_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.03.013","volume":"78","author":"F Tabache","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tabache F, El Kartouti A, Abdelilah T, El Mejareb C, Hassikou H, El Baaj M. Systemic lupus erythematosus revealed by sweet syndrome. Joint Bone Spine. 2011;78(4):420\u20131.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"8","key":"9773_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12184","volume":"40","author":"H Tsuji","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsuji H, Yoshifuji H, Nakashima R, Imura Y, Yukawa N, Ohmura K, et al. Sweet\u2019s syndrome associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and review of the literature. J Dermatol. 2013;40(8):641\u20138.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9773_CR18","first-page":"59","volume":"108","author":"N Quinn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Quinn N, MacMahon J, Irvine AD, Lowry C. Sweet syndrome revealing systemic lupus erythematosus. Ir Med J. 2015;108(2):59\u201360.","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"9773_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000904","volume":"26","author":"A Das","year":"2020","unstructured":"Das A, Burmeister R, Chhaya R, Eisenga B, Kumar A. Sweet Syndrome in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Clin Rheumatol. 2020;26(4):e85\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9773_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000002733","volume":"46","author":"S Mendez-Flores","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mendez-Flores S, Perales-Gonz\u00e1lez A, Saeb-Lima M. Sweet Syndrome as a Herpetiform Mimic: A Diagnostic Challenge. Am J Dermatopathol. 2024;46(8):512\u20133.","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"16","key":"9773_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5714","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14165714","volume":"14","author":"E Pagkopoulou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pagkopoulou E, Loutradis C, Papaioannou M, Daoudaki M, Stangou M, Dimitroulas T. Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Diagnostic and Pathogenic Insights. J Clin Med. 2025;14(16):5714.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9773_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12394","volume":"178","author":"AV Marzano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marzano AV, Fanoni D, Antiga E, Quaglino P, Caproni M, Crosti C, et al. Expression of cytokines, chemokines and other effector molecules in two prototypic autoinflammatory skin diseases, pyoderma gangrenosum and Sweet\u2019s syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol. 2014;178(1):48\u201356.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"9773_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-2-34","volume":"2","author":"PR Cohen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cohen PR. Sweet\u2019s syndrome\u2013a comprehensive review of an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007;2:34.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"9773_CR24","first-page":"645","volume":"159","author":"L Calabrese","year":"2024","unstructured":"Calabrese L, Satoh TK, Aoki R, Rubegni G, Neulinger-M\u0169noz M, Stadler PC, et al. Sweet syndrome: an update on clinical aspects, pathophysiology, and treatment. Ital J Dermatol Venerol. 2024;159(6):645\u201362.","journal-title":"Ital J Dermatol Venerol"},{"key":"9773_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"adv18284","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v103.18284","volume":"103","author":"J Gil-Lianes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gil-Lianes J, Luque-Luna M, Alamon-Reig F, Bosch-Amate X, Serra-Garcia L, Mascar\u00f3 JM Jr. Sweet Syndrome: Clinical Presentation, Malignancy Association, Autoinflammatory Disorders and Treatment Response in a Cohort of 93 Patients with Long-term Follow-up. Acta Derm Venereol. 2023;103:adv18284.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9773_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-024-00879-8","volume":"25","author":"KK Lovell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lovell KK, Momin RI, Sangha HS, Feldman SR, Pichardo RO. Dapsone Use in Dermatology. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2024;25(5):811\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"9773_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2432131","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.32131","volume":"7","author":"Y You","year":"2024","unstructured":"You Y, Zhou Z, Wang F, Li J, Liu H, Cheng X, et al. Mycophenolate Mofetil and New-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2432131.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"9773_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2018.06.010","volume":"145","author":"L Gusdorf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gusdorf L, Lipsker D. Neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis: A review. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2018;145(12):735\u201340.","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"}],"container-title":["Immunologic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12026-026-09773-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12026-026-09773-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12026-026-09773-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T14:50:07Z","timestamp":1775573407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12026-026-09773-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9773"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12026-026-09773-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The included patient gave her consent to participate. None of the reported data can be used to identify the patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}},{"value":"The data presented has not been published elsewhere, and the manuscript has not been submitted to any other journal. We give our consent for the publication of this paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of her clinical information and photographs for the purpose of writing a case report.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"None.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"37"}}