{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T17:37:56Z","timestamp":1782322676105,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007088","name":"Jagiellonian University in Krakow","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ERA Forum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The European Green Deal announced by the European Commission in December 2019 is a roadmap meant to foster the transition of the European Union towards the climate-neutral economy by reducing carbon emissions towards 55% by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. By putting the EGD in a boarder perspective of evolving, constitutional rationale of environmental protection in the EU legal order, this contribution examines horizontal, legal dimension and financial implications of the green transition. The challenge ahead of the Union is now how to transform the ambitious climate agenda into efficient legal and economic instruments \u2018in a fair way, leaving no one behind\u2019. This paper argues that EGD is a great opportunity, but in order to turn it into a success, it must be strongly anchored in the concepts pertaining to the constitutional framework of the EU legal order, in particular, the concepts of solidarity, sustainable development and high level of environmental protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12027-020-00637-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T15:03:10Z","timestamp":1604415790000},"page":"681-697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":250,"title":["European Green Deal \u2013 legal and financial challenges of the climate change"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Alicja","family":"Sikora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"637_CR1","first-page":"vii","volume-title":"Constitutionalisation of Environmental Protection in EU Law","author":"N. J\u00e4\u00e4skinen","year":"2020","unstructured":"J\u00e4\u00e4skinen, N.: Foreword. In: Sikora, A. (ed.) Constitutionalisation of Environmental Protection in EU Law, p.\u00a0vii. Europa Law Publishing, Zutphen (2020)"},{"issue":"1","key":"637_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4337\/eecj.2020.01.02","volume":"9","author":"M. Miccinilli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miccinilli, M.: Europe\u2019s green deal needs to effectively handle rising distributional effects. Eur. Energy Clim. J. 9(1), 15\u201317 (2020)","journal-title":"Eur. Energy Clim. J."},{"key":"637_CR3","first-page":"653","volume-title":"The Evolution of EU Law","author":"D. Chalmers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chalmers, D.: Inhabitants in the field of EC environmental law. In: Craig, P., de B\u00farca, G. (eds.) The Evolution of EU Law, Oxford pp.\u00a0653\u2013692 (1999)"},{"key":"637_CR4","volume-title":"The Evolution of EU Law","author":"J. Scott","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scott, J.: The multi-level governance of climate change. In: Craig, P., de B\u00farca, G. (eds.) The Evolution of EU Law, Oxford (2011)"},{"key":"637_CR5","unstructured":"Siddi, M.: European Green Deal, Assessing its current state and future implementation. Working Papers, pp.\u00a04\u201312"},{"key":"637_CR6","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Manual of European Environmental Law","author":"A. Kiss","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kiss, A., Shelton, D.: Manual of European Environmental Law p.\u00a04. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997)"},{"key":"637_CR7","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Global Environmental Constitutionalism","author":"J.R. May","year":"2015","unstructured":"May, J.R., Daly, E.: Global Environmental Constitutionalism p.\u00a091. Cambridge University Press, New York (2015)"},{"key":"637_CR8","first-page":"3","volume-title":"EU Environmental Law After Lisbon","author":"J.H. Jans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jans, J.H., Vedder, H.H.B.: EU Environmental Law After Lisbon, pp.\u00a03\u201313. Europa Law Publishing, Groningen (2012)"},{"key":"637_CR9","first-page":"1","volume-title":"EU Environmental Law","author":"L. Kramer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kramer, L.: EU Environmental Law, pp.\u00a01\u20135. Sweet and Maxwell, London (2015)"},{"key":"637_CR10","first-page":"64","volume-title":"The Transition to Sustainability, The Politics of Agenda 21 in Europe","author":"N. Haigh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Haigh, N.: Introducing the concept of sustainable development into the treaties of the European Union. In: O\u2019Riordan, T., Voisey, H. (eds.) The Transition to Sustainability, The Politics of Agenda 21 in Europe, London, pp.\u00a064\u201376 (1998)"},{"issue":"1","key":"637_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/jel\/1.1.38","volume":"1","author":"G. Winter","year":"1989","unstructured":"Winter, G.: Perspectives for environmental law - entering the fourth phase. J. Environ. Law 1(1), 38\u201347 (1989)","journal-title":"J. Environ. Law"},{"issue":"2","key":"637_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/jel\/eql012","volume":"18","author":"F. Jacobs","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacobs, F.: The role of the European court of justice in the protection on environment. J. Environ. Law 18(2), 185\u2013205 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Environ. Law"},{"key":"637_CR13","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Environmental Protecton: European Law and Governance","author":"I. von Homeyer","year":"2009","unstructured":"von Homeyer, I.: The evolution of EU environmental governance. In: Scott, J. (ed.) Environmental Protecton: European Law and Governance, Oxford, pp.\u00a01\u201326 (2009)"},{"key":"637_CR14","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Constitutional Environmental Rights","author":"T. Hayward","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hayward, T.: Constitutional Environmental Rights, pp.\u00a0129\u2013130. Oxford University Press, London (2005)"},{"key":"637_CR15","first-page":"112","volume-title":"European Environmental Law Review","author":"M. Kloepfer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kloepfer, M.: An authoritarian ecological state. In: European Environmental Law Review, April, pp.\u00a0112\u2013115 (1994)"},{"key":"637_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.5771\/9783845242781_419","volume-title":"Climate Change: International Law and Global Governance","author":"N. Singh Ghaleigh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singh Ghaleigh, N.: Two stories about EU climate change law and policy. In: Ruppel, O.C., Roschmann, C., Ruppel-Schlichting, K. (eds.) Climate Change: International Law and Global Governance, Nomos-Nomos, pp.\u00a0419\u2013462 (2013)"},{"key":"637_CR17","volume-title":"Constitutionalisation of Environmental Protection in EU Law","author":"A. Sikora","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sikora, A.: Constitutionalisation of Environmental Protection in EU Law. Europa Law Publishing, Zutphen (2020)"},{"issue":"3","key":"637_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/jel\/eqt019","volume":"25","author":"Ch. Hilson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hilson, Ch.: It\u2019s all about climate change, stupid! Exploring the relationship between environmental law and climate law. J. Environ. Law 25(3), 359\u2013370 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Environ. Law"},{"key":"637_CR19","volume-title":"Sustainable Development in the European Union: A General Principle","author":"M. Humphreys","year":"2018","unstructured":"Humphreys, M.: Sustainable Development in the European Union: A General Principle. Abigdon (2018)"},{"issue":"1","key":"637_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1017\/S2047102514000284","volume":"4","author":"D. Missonne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Missonne, D.: The importance of setting a target: the EU ambition of a high level of protection. Transnatl. Environ. Law 4(1), 11\u201336 (2015)","journal-title":"Transnatl. Environ. Law"},{"key":"637_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1163\/18760104-01703003","volume":"17","author":"L. Kramer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kramer, L.: Planning for climate and the environment: the EU green deal. J. Eur. Environ. Plan. Law 17, 267\u2013306 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Eur. Environ. Plan. Law"},{"key":"637_CR22","first-page":"207","volume":"5","author":"Ch. Binet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Binet, Ch.: L\u2019Europe et son Green Deal -Quel avenir pour le climat ? J. Droit Eur. 5, 207\u2013211 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Droit Eur."},{"key":"637_CR23","unstructured":"Thieffry, P.: Le Pacte vert pour l\u2019Europe ou \u00ab Green European Deal \u00bb, \u00c9nergie - Environnement - Infrastructures n\u00b0 2, F\u00e9vrier 2020, comm. 5"},{"key":"637_CR24","unstructured":"Petit, Y.: L\u2019architecture \u00e9cologique de la future PAC, Droit rural n\u00b0 482, Avril 2020, \u00e9tude 14"},{"issue":"1","key":"637_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4337\/eecj.2020.01.03","volume":"9","author":"T. Hodne","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hodne, T.: The European green deal - a Norwegian perspective. Eur. Energy Clim. J. 9(1), 18\u201320 (2020)","journal-title":"Eur. Energy Clim. J."},{"key":"637_CR26","unstructured":"Eyl-Mazzega, M.A., Matthieu, C.: La guerre contre le carbon, Cinq priorit\u00e9s pour le Green Deal Europ\u00e9en"},{"issue":"3","key":"637_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/1023263X1302000305","volume":"20","author":"A. Epiney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Epiney, A.: EU environmental law: sources, instruments, enforcement. Maastrich J. Eur. Comp. Law 20(3), 403\u2013422 (2013)","journal-title":"Maastrich J. Eur. Comp. Law"},{"key":"637_CR28","volume-title":"Environmental Principles","author":"N. de Sadeleer","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Sadeleer, N.: Environmental Principles. Oxford University Press, London (2008)"},{"key":"637_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9781474201230","volume-title":"Environmental Principles and the Evolution of Environmental Law","author":"E. Scotford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scotford, E.: Environmental Principles and the Evolution of Environmental Law. Hart Publishing (2017)"},{"issue":"3","key":"637_CR30","first-page":"439","volume":"34","author":"Ph. Allot","year":"1997","unstructured":"Allot, Ph.: The crisis of European constitutionalism: reflections on the revolution in Europe. CML Rev. 34(3), 439\u2013490 (1997)","journal-title":"CML Rev."},{"key":"637_CR31","unstructured":"Sands, Ph.: Climate Change and the Rule of Law: Adjudicating the Future in International Law. Public Lecture, United Kingdom Supreme Court, 17 September 2015"}],"container-title":["ERA Forum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12027-020-00637-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12027-020-00637-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12027-020-00637-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T09:06:34Z","timestamp":1697015194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12027-020-00637-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12027-020-00637-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-3093","1863-9038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-3093","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-9038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 November 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}