{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T02:43:33Z","timestamp":1784169813491,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]],"date-time":"2011-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318377600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]],"date-time":"2011-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurocrit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-011-9634-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,11]],"date-time":"2011-10-11T17:58:15Z","timestamp":1318355895000},"page":"421-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Cerebral Infarction in Adults with Bacterial Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ewout S.","family":"Schut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjolein J.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs C.","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mervyn D. I.","family":"Vergouwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie","family":"van der Ende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diederik","family":"van de Beek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"9634_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00070-09","volume":"23","author":"MC Brouwer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010;23:467\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"9634_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg113","volume":"126","author":"S Kastenbauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kastenbauer S, Pfister HW. Pneumococcal meningitis in adults: spectrum of complications and prognostic factors in a series of 87 cases. Brain. 2003;126:1015\u201325.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"9634_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040845","volume":"351","author":"D van de Beek","year":"2004","unstructured":"van de Beek D, de Gans J, Spanjaard L, Weisfelt M, Reitsma JB, Vermeulen M. Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1849\u201359.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9634_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301073280104","volume":"328","author":"ML Durand","year":"1993","unstructured":"Durand ML, Calderwood SB, Weber DJ, et al. Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. A review of 493 episodes. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:21\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9634_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-010-9387-5","volume":"13","author":"MD Vergouwen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vergouwen MD, Schut ES, Troost D, van de Beek D. Diffuse cerebral intravascular coagulation and cerebral infarction in pneumococcal meningitis. Neurocrit Care. 2010;13:217\u201327.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"9634_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70288-X","volume":"5","author":"M Weisfelt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weisfelt M, van de Beek D, Spanjaard L, Reitsma JB, de Gans J. Clinical features, complications, and outcome in adults with pneumococcal meningitis: a prospective case series. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:123\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"9634_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5395-9","volume":"257","author":"J Katchanov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Katchanov J, Heuschmann PU, Endres M, Weber JR. Cerebral infarction in bacterial meningitis: predictive factors and outcome. J Neurol. 2010;257:716\u201320.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"9634_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.8.1497","volume":"42","author":"HW Pfister","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pfister HW, Borasio GD, Dirnagl U, Bauer M, Einhaupl KM. Cerebrovascular complications of bacterial meningitis in adults. Neurology. 1992;42:1497\u2013504.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9634_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1086\/322612","volume":"33","author":"DA McMillan","year":"2001","unstructured":"McMillan DA, Lin CY, Aronin SI, Quagliarello VJ. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults: categorization of causes and timing of death. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:969\u201375.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9634_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1101.098524","volume":"32","author":"AJ Grau","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grau AJ, Weimar C, Buggle F, et al. Risk factors, outcome, and treatment in subtypes of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2001;32:2559\u201366.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"9634_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1086\/533448","volume":"46","author":"I Roine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roine I, Peltola H, Fernandez J, et al. Influence of admission findings on death and neurological outcome from childhood bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:1248\u201352.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9634_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-149","volume":"6","author":"M Weisfelt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weisfelt M, van de Beek D, Spanjaard L, Reitsma JB, de Gans J. Attenuated cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte count and sepsis in adults with pneumococcal meningitis: a prospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:149.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"9634_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700580407","volume":"58","author":"H Cairns","year":"1946","unstructured":"Cairns H, Russell DS. Cerebral arteritis and phlebitis in pneumococcal meningitis. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1946;58:649\u201365.","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol"},{"key":"9634_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.19.1.1","volume":"19","author":"GC Buchan","year":"1969","unstructured":"Buchan GC, Alvord EC Jr. Diffuse necrosis of subcortical white matter associated with bacterial meningitis. Neurology. 1969;19:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9634_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196504222721607","volume":"272","author":"MN Swartz","year":"1965","unstructured":"Swartz MN, Dodge PR. Bacterial meningitis\u2014a review of selected aspects. 1. General clinical features, special problems and unusual meningeal reaction mimicking bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med. 1965;272:842\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9634_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70409-4","volume":"5","author":"M Weisfelt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weisfelt M, de Gans J, van der Poll T, van de Beek D. Pneumococcal meningitis in adults: new approaches to management and prevention. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:332\u201342.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"9634_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050050","volume":"244","author":"S Ries","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ries S, Schminke U, Fassbender K, Daffertshofer M, Steinke W, Hennerici M. Cerebrovascular involvement in the acute phase of bacterial meningitis. J Neurol. 1997;244:51\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"9634_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000131660.51520.9A","volume":"109","author":"M Levi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levi M, van der Poll T, Buller HR. Bidirectional relation between inflammation and coagulation. Circulation. 2004;109:2698\u2013704.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9634_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.11.016","volume":"54","author":"M Weisfelt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weisfelt M, Determann RM, de Gans J, et al. Procoagulant and fibrinolytic activity in cerebrospinal fluid from adults with bacterial meningitis. J Infect. 2007;54:545\u201350.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"9634_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c55d2e","volume":"73","author":"ES Schut","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schut ES, Brouwer MC, de Gans J, Florquin S, Troost D, van de Beek D. Delayed cerebral thrombosis after initial good recovery from pneumococcal meningitis. Neurology. 2009;73:1988\u201395.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9634_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6101.1522","volume":"2","author":"JT Macfarlane","year":"1977","unstructured":"Macfarlane JT, Cleland PG, Attai ED, Greenwood BM. Failure of heparin to alter the outcome of pneumococcal meningitis. Br Med J. 1977;2:1522.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"9634_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6156","volume":"11","author":"PF Laterre","year":"2007","unstructured":"Laterre PF. Clinical trials in severe sepsis with drotrecogin alfa (activated). Crit Care. 2007;11(Suppl 5):S5.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"9634_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R331","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3538","volume":"9","author":"JL Vincent","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vincent JL, Nadel S, Kutsogiannis DJ, et al. Drotrecogin alfa (activated) in patients with severe sepsis presenting with purpura fulminans, meningitis, or meningococcal disease: a retrospective analysis of patients enrolled in recent clinical studies. Crit Care. 2005;9:R331\u201343.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"9634_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.03.025","volume":"293","author":"UK Misra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Misra UK, Kalita J, Nair PP. Role of aspirin in tuberculous meningitis: a randomised open-label placebo controlled trial. J Neurol Sc. 2010;293:12\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sc"},{"key":"9634_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70045-1","volume":"10","author":"MC Brouwer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brouwer MC, Read RC, van de Beek D. Host genetics and outcome in meningococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10:262\u201374.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"9634_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440250077009","volume":"157","author":"B Sigurdardottir","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sigurdardottir B, Bjornsson OM, Jonsdottir KE, Erlendsdottir H, Gudmundsson S. Acute bacterial meningitis in adults: a 20-year overview. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:425\u201330.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"9634_CR27","volume-title":"Bacterial meningitis","author":"AR Tunkel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tunkel AR. Bacterial meningitis. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2001."},{"key":"9634_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021334","volume":"347","author":"J de Gans","year":"2002","unstructured":"de Gans J, van de Beek D. Dexamethasone in adults with bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1549\u201356.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9634_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f96297","volume":"75","author":"MC Brouwer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brouwer MC, Heckenberg SG, de Gans J, Spanjaard L, Reitsma JB, van de Beek D. Nationwide implementation of adjunctive dexamethasone therapy for pneumococcal meningitis. Neurology. 2010;75:1533\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9634_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00937-5","volume":"4","author":"D van de Beek","year":"2004","unstructured":"van de Beek D, de Gans J, McIntyre P, Prasad K. Steroids in adults with acute bacterial meningitis: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4:139\u201343.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"9634_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005384","volume":"364","author":"MC Thigpen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998\u20132007. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2016\u201325.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Neurocritical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12028-011-9634-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12028-011-9634-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12028-011-9634-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12028-011-9634-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T12:01:42Z","timestamp":1659096102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12028-011-9634-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-011-9634-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1541-6933","1556-0961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1541-6933","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-0961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 October 2011","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}