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Dr Donnelly is supported by a Woolf Fisher Scholarship (New Zealand). Dr Zeiler has received salary support for dedicated research time from the Cambridge Commonwealth Trust Scholarship, the University of Manitoba Clinician Investigator Program, and the Royal College of Surgeons of Canada\u2014Harry S. Morton Travelling Fellowship in Surgery, during which this project was completed.\u00a0Dr Hutchinson and Dr Menon were also supported by a European Union Framework Program 7 grant (CENTER-TBI; Grant Agreement No. 602150). Dr Zeiler and Dr Cardim have received PhD funding from the Cambridge Commonwealth Trust. Dr Hutchinson, and Dr Menon declares funding from the NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, which was commissioned by the NIHR using Official Development Assistance (ODA) funding (project 16\/137\/105). The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health. The authors have the following potential conflicts of interest: Dr Czosnyka receives part of licensing fees for ICM+, owned and distributed by Cambridge Enterprise Ltd; paid lectures for Integra Lifescience Speakers\u2019 Bureau; and is an unpaid member of Board of Directors of Medicam Ltd, UK. Dr Smielewski receives part of the licensing fees for the software ICM (Cambridge Enterprise Ltd, Cambridge UK), used in this project for data collection and data preprocessing. The other authors have no personal, financial, or institutional interest in any of the drugs, materials, or devices described in this article. Dr Menon has had consultancy, research collaboration, or trial data monitoring interactions with Solvay Ltd; GlaxoSmithKline Ltd; Brainscope Ltd; Ornim Medical; Shire Medical and Neurovive Ltd; Calico Inc; Pfizer Ltd; Pressura Ltd; Glide Pharma Ltd; and NeuroPro Ltd.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Monitoring of brain modalities was conducted as a part of standard patient care and archived in an anonymized database of physiological monitoring. No attempt was made to re-access clinical records for additional information. Since all data were extracted from the hospital records and fully anonymized, no data on patient identifiers were available, and therefore, formal patient or proxy consent and institutional ethics approval were not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}