{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T13:25:33Z","timestamp":1781529933818,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurocrit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is often caused by irruption of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) of basal ganglia or thalamus into the ventricular system. Instillation of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) via an external ventricular drainage (EVD) has been shown to effectively decrease IVH volumes while the impact of rtPA instillation on ICH volumes remains unclear. In this series, we analyzed volumetric changes of ICH in patients with and without intrathecal lysis therapy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Between 01\/2013 and 01\/2019, 36 patients with IVH caused by hemorrhage of basal ganglia, thalamus or brain stem were treated with rtPA via an EVD (Group A). Initial volumes were determined in the first available computed tomography (CT) scan, final volumes in the last CT scan before discharge. During the same period, 41 patients with ICH without relevant IVH were treated without intrathecal lysis therapy at our neurocritical care unit (Group B). Serial CT scans were evaluated separately for changes in ICH volumes for both cohorts using OsiriX DICOM viewer. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed for statistical analysis in not normally distributed variables.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Median initial volume of ICH for treatment Group A was 6.5\u00a0ml and was reduced to 5.0\u00a0ml after first instillation of rtPA (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.01). Twenty-six patients received a second treatment with rtPA (ICH volume reduction 4.5 to 3.3\u00a0ml, <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.01) and of this cohort further 16 patients underwent a third treatment (ICH volume reduction 3.0\u00a0ml to 1.5\u00a0ml, <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.01). Comparison of first and last CT scan in Group A confirmed an overall median percentage reduction of 91.7% (<jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u200936, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) of ICH volumes and hematoma resolution in Group A was significantly more effective compared to non-rtPA group, Group B (percentage reduction =\u200968%) independent of initial hematoma volume in the regression analysis (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.07, mean 11.1, 95%CI 7.7\u201314.5). There were no adverse events in Group A related to rtPA instillation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Intrathecal lysis therapy leads to a significant reduction in the intraparenchymal hematoma volume with faster clot resolution compared to the spontaneous hematoma resorption. Furthermore, intrathecal rtPA application had no adverse effect on ICH volume.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-01054-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T21:08:26Z","timestamp":1596229706000},"page":"529-536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of Volumetric Change of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Patients Treated with Thrombolysis for Intraventricular Hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Franziska","family":"Staub-Bartelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasper Hans","family":"van Lieshout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Beez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Kram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"H\u00e4nggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerim","family":"Beseoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"1054_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003771","volume":"88","author":"C Delcourt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Delcourt C, et al. Intracerebral hemorrhage location and outcome among INTERACT2 participants. Neurology. 2017;88(15):1408\u201314.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1054_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00217","volume":"10","author":"G Trifan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Trifan G, Arshi B, Testai FD. Intraventricular hemorrhage severity as a predictor of outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Neurol. 2019;10:217.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1054_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199903000-00045","volume":"27","author":"S Tuhrim","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tuhrim S, et al. Volume of ventricular blood is an important determinant of outcome in supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage. 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According to local legislation research, associates are allowed to use data that is directly accessible for research without previous informed consent of the patient when used in scientific context according. Due to anonymization, disclosure of identity of individual persons is impossible. The study was approved by the local ethical committee, Heinrich-Heine University, Faculty of Medicine, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany (Study Number: 2018-295-RetroDeuA).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Materials"}}]}}