{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:56:37Z","timestamp":1786982197691,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurocrit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-021-01259-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T11:03:06Z","timestamp":1626951786000},"page":"528-544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in Myasthenic Crisis: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0465-0943","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Mario B.","family":"Prado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen Joy","family":"Adiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-005-0022-2","volume":"7","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ahmed S, Kirmani JF, Janjua N, et al. An update on myasthenic crisis. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2005;7(2):129\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11940-005-0022-2.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1259_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01476.x","volume":"13","author":"GO Skeie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Skeie GO, Apostolski S, Evoli A, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of autoimmune neuromuscular transmission disorders. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13(7):691\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01476.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1259_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-004-0034-3","volume":"6","author":"JF Kirmani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kirmani JF, Yahia AM, Qureshi AI. Myasthenic crisis. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2004;6:3\u201315.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e31815d4398","volume":"101","author":"EM Bershad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bershad EM, Feen ES, Suarez JI. Myasthenia gravis crisis. South Med J. 2008;101(1):63\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e31815d4398.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcn152","volume":"102","author":"A Chaudhuri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Myasthenic crisis. QJM. 2009;102(2):97\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hcn152.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"7","key":"1259_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199707000-00027","volume":"25","author":"J Berrouschot","year":"1997","unstructured":"Berrouschot J, Baumann I, Kalischewski P, Sterker M, Schneider D. Therapy of myasthenic crisis. Crit Care Med. 1997;25(7):1228\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-199707000-00027.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1259_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2000.04.1003","volume":"107","author":"RS Bedlack","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bedlack RS, Sanders DB. How to handle myasthenic crisis. Postgrad Med. 2000;107(4):211\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3810\/pgm.2000.04.1003.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1259_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.10.1080","volume":"50","author":"P Goti","year":"1995","unstructured":"Goti P, Spinelli A, Marconi G, et al. Comparative effects of plasma exchange and pyridostigmine on respiratory muscle strength and breathing pattern in patients with myasthenia gravis. Thorax. 1995;50(10):1080\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.50.10.1080.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"9A","key":"1259_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20130108","volume":"71","author":"DA Godoy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Godoy DA, de Mello LJV, Masotti L, Di Napoli M. The myasthenic patient in crisis: an update of the management in neurointensive care unit. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2013;71(9A):627\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0004-282X20130108.","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"1259_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199306000-00005","volume":"21","author":"C Borel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Borel C. Management of myasthenic crisis. Crit Care Med. 1993;21(6):821\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-199306000-00005.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"1259_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","volume":"283","author":"DF Stroup","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283(15):2008\u201312.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1259_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sellman MS, Mayer RF. Treatment of Myasthenic Crisis in Late Life. South Med J. 1985;78(10):1208\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007611-198510000-00017.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198510000-00017"},{"issue":"1","key":"1259_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-4597(10)60012-4","volume":"48","author":"SK Mishra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mishra SK, Krishnappa S, Bhat RR, Badhe A. Role of intermittent noninvasive ventilation in anticholinesterase dose adjustment for myasthenic crisis. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwanica. 2010;48(1):53\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1875-4597(10)60012-4.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwanica"},{"issue":"10","key":"1259_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198510000-00017","volume":"78","author":"MS Sellman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sellman MS, Mayer RF. Treatment of myasthenic crisis in late life. South Med J. 1985;78(10):1208\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007611-198510000-00017.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"1259_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.5.1253","volume":"48","author":"CE Thomas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thomas CE, Mayer SA, Gungor Y, et al. Myasthenic crisis: clinical features, mortality, complications, and risk factors for prolonged intubation. Neurology. 1997;48(5):1253\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.48.5.1253.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1259_CR16","first-page":"453","volume":"52","author":"S Panda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Panda S, Goyal V, Behari M, Singh S, Srivastava T. Myasthenic crisis: a retrospective study. Neurol India. 2004;52(4):453\u20136.","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"2","key":"1259_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.112466","volume":"16","author":"S Sharma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharma S, Lal V, Prabhakar S, Agarwal R. Clinical profile and outcome of myasthenic crisis in a tertiary care hospital: a prospective study. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2013;16(2):203\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0972-2327.112466.","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1259_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199306000-00025","volume":"21","author":"LM Saltis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saltis LM, Martin BR, Traeger SM, Bonfliglio MF. Continuous infusion of pyridostigmine in the management of myasthenic crisis. Crit Care Med. 1993;21(6):938\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-199306000-00025.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1259_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001501106","volume":"15","author":"G Briassoulis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Briassoulis G, Hatzis T, Liakopoulou T, Youroukos S. Continuous neostigmine infusion in post-thymectomy juvenile myasthenic crisis. J Child Neurol. 2000;15(11):747\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/088307380001501106.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1259_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199306000-00025","volume":"21","author":"LM Saltis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saltis LM, Martin BR, Traeger SM, Bonfiglio MF. Continuous infusion of pyridostigmine in the management of myasthenic crisis. Crit Care Med. 1993;21(6):938\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-199306000-00025.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1259_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1521\/00332747.1963.11023367","volume":"15","author":"G Briassoulis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Briassoulis G, Hatzis T, Liakopoulou T, Youroukos S. Continuous neostigmine infusion in post- thymectomy juvenile myasthenic crisis. J Child Neurol. 2000;15:747\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/00332747.1963.11023367.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1259_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000800","volume":"25","author":"E Ciafaloni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ciafaloni E. Myasthenia gravis and congenital myasthenic syndromes. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2019;25(6):1767\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CON.0000000000000800.","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"1259_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.11.003","volume":"38","author":"KK Sonkar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sonkar KK, Bhoi SK, Dubey D, Kalita J, Misra UK. Direct and indirect cost of myasthenia gravis: a prospective study from a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;38:114\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.11.003.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1259_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.04.045","volume":"261","author":"A Jani-Acsadi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jani-Acsadi A, Lisak RP. Myasthenic crisis: guidelines for prevention and treatment. J Neurol Sci. 2007;261(1\u20132):127\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2007.04.045.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1259_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1592106","volume":"36","author":"AA Lizarraga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lizarraga AA, Lizarraga KJ, Benatar M. Getting rid of weakness in the ICU: an updated approach to the acute management of myasthenia gravis and guillain-barr\u00e9 syndrome. Semin Neurol. 2016;36(6):615\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0036-1592106.","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1259_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.06.026","volume":"103","author":"G Comerci","year":"2005","unstructured":"Comerci G, Buffon A, Biondi-Zoccai GGL, et al. Coronary vasospasm secondary to hypercholinergic crisis: an iatrogenic cause of acute myocardial infarction in myasthenia gravis. Int J Cardiol. 2005;103(3):335\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.06.026.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"1259_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcme.2014.08.003","volume":"5","author":"P Shivamurthy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shivamurthy P, Parker MW. Cardiac manifestations of myasthenia gravis: a systematic review. IJC Metab Endocr. 2014;5:3\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcme.2014.08.003.","journal-title":"IJC Metab Endocr"}],"container-title":["Neurocritical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12028-021-01259-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12028-021-01259-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12028-021-01259-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T18:55:14Z","timestamp":1744138514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12028-021-01259-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-021-01259-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1541-6933","1556-0961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1541-6933","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-0961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}