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Brain temperature (BT), which is directly linked to body temperature, may influence brain physiology. Increased body and\/or BT may cause secondary brain damage, with deleterious effects on intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI), a prospective multicenter longitudinal study on TBI in Europe and Israel, includes a high resolution cohort of patients with data sampled at a high frequency (from 100 to 500\u00a0Hz). In this study, simultaneous BT, ICP, and CPP recordings were investigated. A mixed-effects linear model was used to examine the association between different BT levels and ICP. We additionally focused on changes in ICP and CPP during the episodes of BT changes (\u0394 BT\u2009\u2265\u20090.5\u00a0\u00b0C lasting from 15\u00a0min to 3\u00a0h) up or downward. The significance of ICP and CPP variations was estimated with the paired samples Wilcoxon test\u00a0(also known as Wilcoxon signed-rank test).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-one patients with 2,435\u00a0h of simultaneous BT and ICP monitoring were studied. All patients reached a BT of 38\u00a0\u00b0C and experienced at least one episode of ICP above 20\u00a0mm Hg. The linear mixed-effects model revealed an association between BT above 37.5\u00a0\u00b0C and higher ICP levels that was not confirmed for lower BT. We identified 149 episodes of BT changes. During BT elevations (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200979) ICP increased, whereas CPP was reduced; opposite ICP and CPP variations occurred during episodes of BT reduction (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200970). All these changes were of moderate clinical relevance (increase of ICP of 4.5 and CPP decrease of 7.5\u00a0mm Hg for BT rise, and ICP reduction of 1.7 and CPP elevation of 3.7\u00a0mm Hg during BT defervescence), even if statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). It has to be noted, however, that a number of therapeutic interventions against intracranial hypertension was documented during those episodes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients after TBI usually develop BT\u2009&gt;\u200938\u00a0\u00b0C soon after the injury. BT may influence brain physiology, as reflected by ICP and CPP. An association between BT exceeding 37.5\u00a0\u00b0C and a higher ICP was identified but not confirmed for lower BT ranges. The relationship between BT, ICP, and CPP become clearer during rapid temperature changes. During episodes of temperature elevation, BT seems to have a significant impact on ICP and CPP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-021-01294-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T22:26:36Z","timestamp":1627683996000},"page":"651-661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Brain Temperature Influences Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure After Traumatic Brain Injury: A CENTER-TBI Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Birg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Ortolano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveline J. 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Dr. Ortolano reports grants from the European Commission 7th Framework program (602150), grants from the Hannelore Kohl Stiftung (Germany), grants from OneMind (USA), grants from Integra LifeSciences Corporation (USA), and grants from Neurotrauma Sciences (USA) during the conduct of the study. Dr. Wiegers reports grants from the European Commission 7th Framework program (602150), grants from the Hannelore Kohl Stiftung (Germany), grants from OneMind (USA), grants from Integra LifeSciences Corporation (USA), and grants from Neurotrauma Sciences (USA) during the conduct of the study. Dr. Smielewski reports grants from the European Commission 7th Framework program (602150) during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Cambridge Enterprise Ltd, Cambridge, UK, outside the submitted work. Dr. Savchenko reports grants from the European Commission 7th Framework program (602150), grants from the Hannelore Kohl Stiftung (Germany), grants from OneMind (USA), grants from Integra LifeSciences Corporation (USA), and grants from Neurotrauma Sciences (USA) during the conduct of the study. Dr. Ianosi reports grants from the European Commission 7th Framework program (602150), grants from the Hannelore Kohl Stiftung (Germany), grants from OneMind (USA), grants from Integra LifeSciences Corporation (USA), grants from Neurotrauma Sciences (USA), during the conduct of the study. Dr. Helbok reports grants from the European Commission 7th Framework program (602150), grants from the Hannelore Kohl Stiftung (Germany), grants from OneMind (USA), grants from Integra LifeSciences Corporation (USA), grants from Neurotrauma Sciences (USA), during the conduct of the study. Dr. Rossi reports grants from the European Commission 7th Framework program (602150), grants from the Hannelore Kohl Stiftung (Germany), grants from OneMind (USA), grants from Integra LifeSciences Corporation (USA), grants from Neurotrauma Sciences (USA), during the conduct of the study. Dr. Carbonara reports grants from the European Commission 7th Framework program (602150), grants from the Hannelore Kohl Stiftung (Germany), grants from OneMind (USA), grants from Integra LifeSciences Corporation (USA), grants from Neurotrauma Sciences (USA), during the conduct of the study. Dr. Zoerle reports grants from the European Commission 7th Framework program (602150), grants from the Hannelore Kohl Stiftung (Germany), grants from OneMind (USA), grants from Integra LifeSciences Corporation (USA), grants from Neurotrauma Sciences (USA), during the conduct of the study. Dr. Stochetti reports grants from the European Commission 7th Framework program (602150), grants from the Hannelore Kohl Stiftung (Germany), grants from OneMind (USA), grants from Integra LifeSciences Corporation (USA), grants from Neurotrauma Sciences (USA), during the conduct of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"In each recruiting site ethical approval was given; an overview is available online [\n                      \n                      ].","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval\/informed consent"}},{"value":"ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02210221.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial registration"}}]}}