{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:38:23Z","timestamp":1787243903603,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurocrit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuroprotective treatment strategies aiming at interfering with either inflammation or cell death indicate the importance of these mechanisms in the development of brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of minocycline on microglia\/macrophage cell activity and its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory impact 14\u00a0days after aneurismal SAH in mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endovascular filament perforation was used to induce SAH in mice. SAH + vehicle-operated mice were used as controls for SAH vehicle-treated mice and SAH\u2009+\u2009minocycline-treated mice. The drug administration started 4\u00a0h after SAH induction and was daily repeated until day 7 post SAH and continued until day 14 every second day. Brain cryosections were immunolabeled for Iba1 to detect microglia\/macrophages and NeuN to visualize neurons. Phagocytosis assay was performed to determine the microglia\/macrophage activity status. Apoptotic cells were stained using terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to estimate cytokine gene expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed a significantly reduced phagocytic activity of microglia\/macrophages accompanied by a lowered spatial interaction with neurons and reduced neuronal apoptosis achieved by minocycline administration after SAH. Moreover, the SAH-induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuronal cell death was markedly attenuated by the compound.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Minocycline treatment may be implicated as a therapeutic approach with long-term benefits in the management of secondary brain injury after SAH in a clinically relevant time window.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-022-01511-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T16:02:56Z","timestamp":1652889776000},"page":"410-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Minocycline Attenuates Microglia\/Macrophage Phagocytic Activity and Inhibits SAH-Induced Neuronal Cell Death and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5655-8308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga G.","family":"Blecharz-Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Patsouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melina","family":"Nieminen-Kelh\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Seiffert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf C.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Vajkoczy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1511_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.519942","volume":"39","author":"RL Macdonald","year":"2008","unstructured":"Macdonald RL, Kassell NF, Mayer S, et al. Clazosentan to overcome neurological ischemia and infarction occurring after subarachnoid hemorrhage (CONSCIOUS-1): randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 dose-finding trial. Stroke. 2008;39(11):3015\u201321.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"1511_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-010-9433-3","volume":"13","author":"RL Macdonald","year":"2010","unstructured":"Macdonald RL, Higashida RT, Keller E, et al. Preventing vasospasm improves outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: rationale and design of CONSCIOUS-2 and CONSCIOUS-3 trials. Neurocrit Care. 2010;13(3):416\u201324.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"1511_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1179\/174313209X382395","volume":"31","author":"A Alaraj","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alaraj A, Charbel FT, Amin-Hanjani S. Peri-operative measures for treatment and prevention of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurol Res. 2009;31(6):651\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1511_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1968.29.2.0121","volume":"29","author":"RH Wilkins","year":"1968","unstructured":"Wilkins RH, Alexander JA, Odom GL. Intracranial arterial spasm: a clinical analysis. J Neurosurg. 1968;29(2):121\u201334.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1511_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-010-8155-z","volume":"43","author":"FA Sehba","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sehba FA, Pluta RM, Zhang JH. Metamorphosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage research: from delayed vasospasm to early brain injury. Mol Neurobiol. 2011;43(1):27\u201340.","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1511_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2007.04.002","volume":"28","author":"J Hansen-Schwartz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hansen-Schwartz J, Vajkoczy P, Macdonald RL, Pluta RM, Zhang JH. Cerebral vasospasm: looking beyond vasoconstriction. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2007;28(6):252\u20136.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1511_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1179\/174313209X393564","volume":"31","author":"RM Pluta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pluta RM, Hansen-Schwartz J, Dreier J, et al. Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage: time for a new world of thought. Neurol Res. 2009;31(2):151\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1511_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1440-1","volume":"130","author":"UC Schneider","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schneider UC, Davids AM, Brandenburg S, et al. Microglia inflict delayed brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neuropathol. 2015;130(2):215\u201331.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1511_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1177","volume":"11","author":"FL Heppner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heppner FL, Greter M, Marino D, et al. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis repressed by microglial paralysis. Nat Med. 2005;11(2):146\u201352.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1511_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132812Y.0000000018","volume":"34","author":"A Sarrafzadeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sarrafzadeh A, Copin JC, Bengualid DJ, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentration in the cerebral extracellular fluid of patients during the acute phase of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurol Res. 2012;34(5):455\u201361.","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1511_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.4.534","volume":"70","author":"K Fassbender","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fassbender K, Hodapp B, Rossol S, et al. Inflammatory cytokines in subarachnoid haemorrhage: association with abnormal blood flow velocities in basal cerebral arteries. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych. 2001;70(4):534\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psych"},{"key":"1511_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-28","volume":"9","author":"UC Schneider","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schneider UC, Schiffler J, Hakiy N, Horn P, Vajkoczy P. Functional analysis of Pro-inflammatory properties within the cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;9:28.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"1511_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000337579.05110.F4","volume":"64","author":"M Ishikawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ishikawa M, Kusaka G, Yamaguchi N, et al. Platelet and leukocyte adhesion in the microvasculature at the cerebral surface immediately after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2009;64(3):546\u201353 (discussion 53-4).","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"1511_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-016-0485-3","volume":"8","author":"E Atangana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Atangana E, Schneider UC, Blecharz K, et al. Intravascular inflammation triggers intracerebral activated microglia and contributes to secondary brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (eSAH). Transl Stroke Res. 2017;8(2):144\u201356.","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"1511_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb24733.x","volume":"732","author":"BR Rifkin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rifkin BR, Vernillo AT, Golub LM, Ramamurthy NS. Modulation of bone resorption by tetracyclines. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994;732:165\u201380.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"24","key":"1511_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14014","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.14014","volume":"93","author":"AR Amin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Amin AR, Attur MG, Thakker GD, et al. A novel mechanism of action of tetracyclines: effects on nitric oxide synthases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(24):14014\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"1511_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-012-9769-6","volume":"48","author":"Z Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang Z, Meng CJ, Shen XM, et al. Potential contribution of hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1, aquaporin-4, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 to blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Mol Neurosci. 2012;48(1):273\u201380.","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1511_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02796.x","volume":"91","author":"R Pi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pi R, Li W, Lee NT, et al. Minocycline prevents glutamate-induced apoptosis of cerebellar granule neurons by differential regulation of p38 and Akt pathways. J Neurochem. 2004;91(5):1219\u201330.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"1511_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.206633","volume":"12","author":"RB Shultz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shultz RB, Zhong Y. Minocycline targets multiple secondary injury mechanisms in traumatic spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res. 2017;12(5):702\u201313.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1511_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.05.038","volume":"366","author":"K Suk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Suk K. Minocycline suppresses hypoxic activation of rodent microglia in culture. Neurosci Lett. 2004;366(2):167\u201371.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"1511_CR21","first-page":"71","volume":"110","author":"ZD Guo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guo ZD, Wu HT, Sun XC, Zhang XD, Zhang JH. Protection of minocycline on early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2011;110(Pt 1):71\u20134.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"issue":"12","key":"1511_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1864","volume":"28","author":"P Sherchan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sherchan P, Lekic T, Suzuki H, et al. Minocycline improves functional outcomes, memory deficits, and histopathology after endovascular perforation-induced subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Neurotrauma. 2011;28(12):2503\u201312.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"1511_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9318-8","volume":"53","author":"J Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li J, Chen J, Mo H, et al. Minocycline protects against NLRP3 inflammasome-induced inflammation and P53-associated apoptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mol Neurobiol. 2016;53(4):2668\u201378.","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1511_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(96)10049-7","volume":"19","author":"GW Kreutzberg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kreutzberg GW. Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS. Trends Neurosci. 1996;19(8):312\u20138.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1511_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612805666230111212056","volume":"5","author":"EG McGeer","year":"1999","unstructured":"McGeer EG, McGeer PL. Brain inflammation in Alzheimer disease and the therapeutic implications. Curr Pharm Des. 1999;5(10):821\u201336.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"3","key":"1511_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380304","volume":"38","author":"MF Beal","year":"1995","unstructured":"Beal MF. Aging, energy, and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Ann Neurol. 1995;38(3):357\u201366.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1511_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1997","volume":"10","author":"UK Hanisch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hanisch UK, Kettenmann H. Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain. Nat Neurosci. 2007;10(11):1387\u201394.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"1511_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11499","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11499","volume":"7","author":"G Szalay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Szalay G, Martinecz B, L\u00e9n\u00e1rt N, et al. Microglia protect against brain injury and their selective elimination dysregulates neuronal network activity after stroke. Nat Commun. 2016;7:11499.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1511_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MEBR.0000043984.73063.d8","volume":"19","author":"D van Rossum","year":"2004","unstructured":"van Rossum D, Hanisch UK. Microglia. Metab Brain Dis. 2004;19(3\u20134):393\u2013411.","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1511_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M200444-JLR200","volume":"44","author":"MC de Beer","year":"2003","unstructured":"de Beer MC, Zhao Z, Webb NR, van der Westhuyzen DR, de Villiers WJ. Lack of a direct role for macrosialin in oxidized LDL metabolism. J Lipid Res. 2003;44(4):674\u201385.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"1511_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-7","volume":"11","author":"CY Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang CY, Chen YL, Li AH, Lu JC, Wang HL. Minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, blocks spinal CCL2-induced heat hyperalgesia and augmentation of glutamatergic transmission in substantia gelatinosa neurons. J Neuroinflammation. 2014;11:7.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"9","key":"1511_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0138-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"P Zhao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhao P, Waxman SG, Hains BC. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-regulated microglia-neuron signaling by prostaglandin E2 contributes to pain after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci. 2007;27(9):2357\u201368.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1511_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.02.009","volume":"115","author":"A Ledeboer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ledeboer A, Sloane EM, Milligan ED, et al. Minocycline attenuates mechanical allodynia and proinflammatory cytokine expression in rat models of pain facilitation. Pain. 2005;115(1\u20132):71\u201383.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"23","key":"1511_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13496","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.23.13496","volume":"96","author":"J Yrj\u00e4nheikki","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yrj\u00e4nheikki J, Tikka T, Kein\u00e4nen R, et al. A tetracycline derivative, minocycline, reduces inflammation and protects against focal cerebral ischemia with a wide therapeutic window. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(23):13496\u2013500.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7","key":"1511_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2399","volume":"17","author":"C Iadecola","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iadecola C, Anrather J. The immunology of stroke: from mechanisms to translation. Nat Med. 2011;17(7):796\u2013808.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1511_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.6.3459","volume":"163","author":"RN Patel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Patel RN, Attur MG, Dave MN, et al. A novel mechanism of action of chemically modified tetracyclines: inhibition of COX-2-mediated prostaglandin E2 production. J Immunol. 1999;163(6):3459\u201367.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"1511_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12444","volume":"42","author":"K Gong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gong K, Zou X, Fuchs PN, Lin Q. Minocycline inhibits neurogenic inflammation by blocking the effects of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2015;42:940\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"1511_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.10.027","volume":"96","author":"A Vezzani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vezzani A, Viviani B. Neuromodulatory properties of inflammatory cytokines and their impact on neuronal excitability. Neuropharmacology. 2015;96(Pt A):70\u201382.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1511_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069585","volume":"8","author":"S Pugazhenthi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pugazhenthi S, Zhang Y, Bouchard R, Mahaffey G. Induction of an inflammatory loop by interleukin-1\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 involves NF-kB and STAT-1 in differentiated human neuroprogenitor cells. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(7): e69585.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"1511_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8555-y","volume":"49","author":"WM Snow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Snow WM, Stoesz BM, Kelly DM, Albensi BC. Roles for NF-\u03baB and gene targets of NF-\u03baB in synaptic plasticity, memory, and navigation. Mol Neurobiol. 2014;49(2):757\u201370.","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1511_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-56","volume":"9","author":"K Liaury","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liaury K, Miyaoka T, Tsumori T, et al. Morphological features of microglial cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of Gunn rat: a possible schizophrenia animal model. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;9:56.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"8","key":"1511_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02580.2001","volume":"21","author":"T Tikka","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tikka T, Fiebich BL, Goldsteins G, Keinanen R, Koistinaho J. Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, is neuroprotective against excitotoxicity by inhibiting activation and proliferation of microglia. J Neurosci. 2001;21(8):2580\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1511_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-014-9977-8","volume":"21","author":"JA Gomes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gomes JA, Selim M, Cotleur A, et al. Brain iron metabolism and brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage: iCeFISH-pilot (CSF iron in SAH). Neurocrit Care. 2014;21(2):285\u201393.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"1511_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.492","volume":"4","author":"AK Vellimana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vellimana AK, Zhou ML, Singh I, et al. Minocycline protects against delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage via matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2017;4(12):865\u201376.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1511_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.3","volume":"29","author":"J Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li J, McCullough LD. Sex differences in minocycline-induced neuroprotection after experimental stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2009;29(4):670\u20134.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"}],"container-title":["Neurocritical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12028-022-01511-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12028-022-01511-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12028-022-01511-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]],"date-time":"2023-02-05T08:53:15Z","timestamp":1675587195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12028-022-01511-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-022-01511-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1541-6933","1556-0961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1541-6933","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-0961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study has received approval from the appropriate review board.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval\/Informed Consent"}}]}}