{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:48:37Z","timestamp":1788191317078,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013347","name":"European Society of Intensive Care Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NEXT Start-up Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NEXT Start-up Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIHR Clinical Research Network"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurocrit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of a structured educational intervention on the implementation of guideline-recommended pain, agitation, and delirium (PAD) assessment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This was a prospective, multinational, interventional before-after trial conducted at 12 intensive care units from 10 centers in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and the UK. Intensive care units underwent a 6-week structured educational program, comprising online lectures, instructional videos, educational handouts, and bedside teaching. Patient-level PAD assessment data were collected in three 1-day point-prevalence assessments before (T1), 6\u00a0weeks after (T2), and 1\u00a0year after (T3) the educational program.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 430 patients were included. The rate of patients who received all three PAD assessments changed from 55% (107\/195) at T1 to 53% (68\/129) at T2, but increased to 73% (77\/106) at T3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). The delirium screening rate increased from 64% (124\/195) at T1 to 65% (84\/129) at T2 and 77% (82\/106) at T3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041). The pain assessment rate increased from 87% (170\/195) at T1 to 92% (119\/129) at T2 and 98% (104\/106) at T3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005). The rate of sedation assessment showed no signficiant change. The proportion of patients who received nonpharmacological delirium prevention measures increased from 58% (114\/195) at T1 to 80% (103\/129) at T2 and 91% (96\/106) at T3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Multivariable regression revealed that at T3, patients were more likely to receive a delirium assessment (odds ratio [OR] 2.138, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.206\u20133.790; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009), sedation assessment (OR 4.131, 95% CI 1.372\u201312.438; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012), or all three PAD assessments (OR 2.295, 95% CI 1.349\u20133.903; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) compared with T1.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In routine care, many patients were not assessed for PAD. Assessment rates increased significantly 1\u00a0year after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:italic> ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03553719.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-023-01837-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T20:29:57Z","timestamp":1694464197000},"page":"898-908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Enhancing European Management of Analgesia, Sedation, and Delirium: A Multinational, Prospective, Interventional Before-After Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2228-3980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4164-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julius J.","family":"Grunow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9876-1569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1062-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia D.","family":"Spies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1506-2533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie J.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0532-4138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Hanison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5573-2503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brijesh","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4502-0094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"von Haken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6957-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urs","family":"Pietsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Schrag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5291-0853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Waydhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8982-3131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Schellongowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Lobmeyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1677-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0147-8992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie K.","family":"Piper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4755-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1441-9246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Totzeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3139-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1837_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000287211.98642.51","volume":"107","author":"G Chanques","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chanques G, Sebbane M, Barbotte E, et al. A prospective study of pain at rest: incidence and characteristics of an unrecognized symptom in surgical and trauma versus medical intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology. 2007;107(5):858\u201360.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1837_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199612000-00005","volume":"24","author":"NA Desbiens","year":"1996","unstructured":"Desbiens NA, Wu AW, Broste SK, et al. Pain and satisfaction with pain control in seriously ill hospitalized adults: findings from the SUPPORT research investigations. Crit Care Med. 1996;24(12):1953\u201361.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1837_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.20.1.75.34663","volume":"20","author":"GL Fraser","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fraser GL, Prato BS, Riker RR, Berthiaume D, Wilkins ML. Frequency, severity, and treatment of agitation in young versus elderly patients in the ICU. Pharmacotherapy. 2000;20(1):75\u201382.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"1837_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0929-2","volume":"19","author":"F Balzer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Balzer F, Wei\u00df B, Kumpf O, et al. Early deep sedation is associated with decreased in-hospital and two-year follow-up survival. Crit Care. 2015;19(1):197.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"14","key":"1837_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.14.1753","volume":"291","author":"EW Ely","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ely EW, Shintani A, Truman B, et al. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. JAMA. 2004;291(14):1753\u201362.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"1837_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000727","volume":"43","author":"S Mehta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mehta S, Cook D, Devlin JW, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of delirium in mechanically ventilated adults*. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(3):557\u201366.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1837_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000218416.62457.56","volume":"34","author":"G Chanques","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chanques G, Jaber S, Barbotte E, et al. Impact of systematic evaluation of pain and agitation in an intensive care unit*. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(6):1691\u20139.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1837_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201203-0522OC","volume":"186","author":"Y Shehabi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shehabi Y, Bellomo R, Reade MC, et al. Early intensive care sedation predicts long-term mortality in ventilated critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(8):724\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1837_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-001-1132-2","volume":"27","author":"E Ely","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ely E, Gautam S, Margolin R, et al. The impact of delirium in the intensive care unit on hospital length of stay. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27(12):1892\u2013900.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1837_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.05.028","volume":"35","author":"A Luetz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luetz A, Weiss B, Boettcher S, et al. Routine delirium monitoring is independently associated with a reduction of hospital mortality in critically ill surgical patients: a prospective, observational cohort study. J Crit Care. 2016;35:168\u201373.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"1837_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2273","volume":"77","author":"TE Goldberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goldberg TE, Chen C, Wang Y, et al. Association of delirium with long-term cognitive decline: a meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(11):1373\u201381.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1837_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e825","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299","volume":"46","author":"J Devlin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Devlin J, Skrobik Y, G\u00e9linas C, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation\/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(9):e825\u201373.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1837_CR13","first-page":"Doc19","volume":"13","author":"R Baron","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baron R, Binder A, Biniek R, et al. Evidence and consensus based guideline for the management of delirium, analgesia, and sedation in intensive care medicine. Revision 2015 (DAS-guideline 2015)\u2014short version. GMS German Med Sci. 2015;13:Doc19.","journal-title":"GMS German Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1837_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182783b72","volume":"41","author":"J Barr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barr J, Fraser GL, Puntillo K, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(1):263\u2013306.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1837_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.08.039","volume":"151","author":"G Chanques","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chanques G, Viel E, Constantin J-M, et al. The measurement of pain in intensive care unit: comparison of 5 self-report intensity scales. Pain. 2010;151(3):711\u201321.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"1837_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200112000-00004","volume":"29","author":"J-F Payen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Payen J-F, Bru O, Bosson J-L, et al. Assessing pain in critically ill sedated patients by using a behavioral pain scale. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(12):2258\u201363.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1837_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1590-5","volume":"35","author":"G Chanques","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chanques G, Payen J-F, Mercier G, et al. Assessing pain in non-intubated critically ill patients unable to self report: an adaptation of the Behavioral Pain Scale. Intensive Care Med. 2009;35(12):2060.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1837_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2006.15.4.420","volume":"15","author":"C G\u00e9linas","year":"2006","unstructured":"G\u00e9linas C, Fillion L, Puntillo KA, Viens C, Fortier M. Validation of the critical-care pain observation tool in adult patients. Am J Crit Care. 2006;15(4):420\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"1837_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00012","volume":"29","author":"EW Ely","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ely EW, Margolin R, Francis J, et al. Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Crit Care Med. 2001;29(7):1370\u20139.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1837_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340100909","volume":"27","author":"N Bergeron","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bergeron N, Dubois MJ, Dumont M, Dial S, Skrobik Y. Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist: evaluation of a new screening tool. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27(5):859\u201364.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1837_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2107138","volume":"166","author":"CN Sessler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sessler CN, Gosnell MS, Grap MJ, et al. The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(10):1338\u201344.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1837_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199907000-00022","volume":"27","author":"RR Riker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Riker RR, Picard JT, Fraser GL. Prospective evaluation of the Sedation-Agitation Scale for adult critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1999;27(7):1325\u20139.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1837_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-022-00985-y","volume":"12","author":"M Luz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luz M, Brand\u00e3o Barreto B, de Castro REV, et al. Practices in sedation, analgesia, mobilization, delirium, and sleep deprivation in adult intensive care units (SAMDS-ICU): an international survey before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Intensive Care. 2022;12(1):9.","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"1837_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e110935","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110935","volume":"9","author":"A Luetz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luetz A, Balzer F, Radtke FM, et al. Delirium, sedation and analgesia in the intensive care unit: a multinational, two-part survey among intensivists. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(11):e110935.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1837_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-017-0415-2","volume":"17","author":"K Kotfis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kotfis K, Zegan-Bara\u0144ska M, \u017bukowski M, et al. Multicenter assessment of sedation and delirium practices in the intensive care units in Poland\u2014Is this common practice in Eastern Europe? BMC Anesthesiol. 2017;17(1):120.","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1837_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0655-1","volume":"18","author":"B Sneyers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sneyers B, Laterre P-F, Perreault MM, Wouters D, Spinewine A. Current practices and barriers impairing physicians\u2019 and nurses\u2019 adherence to analgo-sedation recommendations in the intensive care unit\u2014a national survey. Crit Care. 2014;18(6):655.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1837_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2009541","volume":"19","author":"M O\u2019Connor","year":"2010","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor M, Bucknall T, Manias E. Sedation management in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units: doctors\u2019 and nurses\u2019 practices and opinions. Am J Crit Care. 2010;19(3):285\u201395.","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"1837_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000196830.61965.F1","volume":"34","author":"S Mehta","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mehta S, Burry L, Fischer S, et al. Canadian survey of the use of sedatives, analgesics, and neuromuscular blocking agents in critically ill patients*. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(2):374\u201380.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1837_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R117","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3035","volume":"9","author":"J Martin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martin J, Parsch A, Franck M, et al. Practice of sedation and analgesia in German intensive care units: results of a national survey. Crit Care. 2005;9(2):R117.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1837_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-019-00278-x","volume":"11","author":"SY Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee SY, Fisher J, Wand APF, et al. Developing delirium best practice: a systematic review of education interventions for healthcare professionals working in inpatient settings. Eur Geriatr Med. 2020;11(1):1\u201332.","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1837_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S116","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182a17064","volume":"41","author":"MC Balas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Balas MC, Burke WJ, Gannon D, et al. Implementing the ABCDE bundle into everyday care: opportunities, challenges, and lessons learned for implementing the ICU Pain, Agitation, and Delirium guidelines. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(9):S116\u201327.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1837_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2012605","volume":"21","author":"G Gesin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gesin G, Russell BB, Lin AP, et al. Impact of a delirium screening tool and multifaceted education on nurses\u2019 knowledge of delirium and ability to evaluate it correctly. Am J Crit Care. 2012;21(1):e1\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"1837_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000292011.93074.82","volume":"35","author":"JW Devlin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Devlin JW, Fong JJ, Schumaker G, et al. Use of a validated delirium assessment tool improves the ability of physicians to identify delirium in medical intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(12):2721\u20134.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1837_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.03.010","volume":"41","author":"SL Hickin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hickin SL, White S, Knopp-Sihota J. Nurses\u2019 knowledge and perception of delirium screening and assessment in the intensive care unit: long-term effectiveness of an education-based knowledge translation intervention. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017;41:43\u20139.","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"1837_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.16.11103-4","volume":"83","author":"G Mistraletti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mistraletti G, Umbrello M, Anania S, et al. Neurological assessment with validated tools in general ICU: multicenter, randomized, before and after, pragmatic study to evaluate the effectiveness of an e-learning platform for continuous medical education. Minerva Anestesiol. 2017;83(2):145\u201354.","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1837_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2014567","volume":"23","author":"JT Swan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Swan JT. Decreasing inappropriate unable-to-assess ratings for the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. Am J Crit Care. 2014;23(1):60\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"1837_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17419","volume":"69","author":"L Sinvani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sinvani L, Delle Site C, Laumenede T, et al. Improving delirium detection in intensive care units: multicomponent education and training program. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021;69(11):3249\u201357.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"1837_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2658-1","volume":"38","author":"FM Radtke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Radtke FM, Heymann A, Franck M, et al. How to implement monitoring tools for sedation, pain and delirium in the intensive care unit: an experimental cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(12):1974\u201381.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"supplement 2","key":"1837_CR39","first-page":"39","volume":"10","author":"M Rosenthal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosenthal M, Paul N, Grunow JJ, et al. Comparing routine with expert delirium screening in critically ill patients: a secondary analysis of data from the prospective, multicenter EuMAS study (abstract at ESICM LIVES, 22\u201326 October 2022, Paris, France). Intensive Care Med Exp. 2022;10(supplement 2):39.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"issue":"supplement 2","key":"1837_CR40","first-page":"39","volume":"10","author":"N Paul","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paul N, Grunow JJ, Rosenthal M, et al. Perceived vs. observed adherence to delirium screening: a secondary analysis of data from the prospective, multicenter EuMAS study (abstract at ESICM LIVES, 22\u201326 October 2022, Paris, France). Intensive Care Med Exp. 2022;10(supplement 2):39.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"issue":"supplement 2","key":"1837_CR41","first-page":"39","volume":"10","author":"JJ Grunow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grunow JJ, Paul N, Rosenthal M, et al. Mobilization practice in European ICUs and the impact of a structured sedation, analgesia and delirium training: a secondary analysis of data from the prospective, multicenter EuMAS study (abstract at ESICM LIVES, 22\u201326 October 2022, Paris, France). Intensive Care Med Exp. 2022;10(supplement 2):39.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"issue":"9","key":"1837_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S128","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182a2c2b1","volume":"41","author":"KM Carrothers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carrothers KM, Barr J, Spurlock B, et al. Contextual issues influencing implementation and outcomes associated with an integrated approach to managing pain, agitation, and delirium in adult ICUs. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(9):S128\u201335.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1837_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000353","volume":"3","author":"K Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu K, Nakamura K, Katsukawa H, et al. ABCDEF bundle and supportive ICU practices for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection: an international point prevalence study. Crit Care Explor. 2021;3(3):1\u201316.","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"issue":"1","key":"1837_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1532-x","volume":"20","author":"A Richards-Belle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Richards-Belle A, Canter RR, Power GS, et al. National survey and point prevalence study of sedation practice in UK critical care. Critical Care. 2016;20(1):355.","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"1837_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i20","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmn055","volume":"25","author":"LW Green","year":"2008","unstructured":"Green LW. Making research relevant: If it is an evidence-based practice, where\u2019s the practice-based evidence? Fam Pract. 2008;25(suppl_1):i20\u20134.","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"1837_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201306-210OC","volume":"11","author":"CR Dale","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dale CR, Kannas DA, Fan VS, et al. Improved analgesia, sedation, and delirium protocol associated with decreased duration of delirium and mechanical ventilation. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014;11(3):367\u201374.","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"1837_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000129","volume":"42","author":"MC Balas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balas MC, Vasilevskis EE, Olsen KM, et al. Effectiveness and safety of the awakening and breathing coordination, delirium monitoring\/management, and early exercise\/mobility bundle. Crit Care Med. 2014;42(5):1024\u201336.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Neurocritical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12028-023-01837-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12028-023-01837-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12028-023-01837-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T23:06:02Z","timestamp":1717455962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12028-023-01837-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1837"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-023-01837-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1541-6933","1556-0961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1541-6933","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-0961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"NP, JJG, MR, JH, BP, AR, UP, CS, PS, EL, and DC report no conflicts of interest. Outside the submitted work, CDS reports grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft\/German Research Society, grants from Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)\/German Aerospace Center, grants from Einstein Stiftung Berlin\/Einstein Foundation Berlin, grants from Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss\/Federal Joint Committee (G-BA), grants from Inneruniversit\u00e4re Forschungsf\u00f6rderung\/Inner University Grants, grants from Projekttr\u00e4ger im DLR\/Project Management Agency, grants from Stifterverband\/Nonprofit Society Promoting Science and Education, grants from European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, grants from BMWI (Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action), grants from Baxter Deutschland GmbH, grants from Cytosorbents Europe GmbH, grants from Edwards Lifesciences Germany GmbH, grants from Fresenius Medical Care, grants from Gr\u00fcnenthal GmbH, grants from Masimo Europe Ltd., grants from Pfizer Pharma PFE GmbH, personal fees from Georg Thieme Verlag, grants from Dr. F. K\u00f6hler Chemie GmbH, grants from Sintetica GmbH, grants from Stifterverband f\u00fcr die deutsche Wissenschaft e.V.\/Philips, grants from Stiftung Charit\u00e9, grants from AGUETTANT Deutschland GmbH, grants from AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, grants from Amomed Pharma GmbH, grants from InTouch Health, grants from Copra System GmbH, grants from Correvio GmbH, grants from Dr\u00e4gerwerk AG & Co. KGaA, grants from Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss\/Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) \u2013 Innovationsfonds, grants from Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaften e.V., grants from Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr An\u00e4sthesiologie & Intensivmedizin (DGAI), grants from Stifterverband f\u00fcr die deutsche Wissenschaft e.V.\/Metronic, grants from Philips ElectronicsNederland BV, grants from BMBF \u2013 Federal Ministry of Education and Research, grants from BMBF\/RKI, grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft\/German Research Society; in addition, CDS has a patent 15753 627.7 issued (Europe), a patent PCT\/EP 2015\/067731 issued (US), a patent 3 174 588 issued (Europe), a patent 10 2014 215 211.9 licensed, a patent 10 2018 114 364.8 licensed, a patent 10 2018 110 275.5 licensed, a patent 50 2015 010 534.8 licensed, a patent 50 2015 010 347.7 licensed, and a patent 10 2014 215 212.7 licensed; in addition, CDS reports a leadership role at AWMF (Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany), a leadership role at Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) review boards, and a leadership role at Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina e.V. (German National Academy of Sciences \u2013 Leopoldina). Outside the submitted work, VJP reports a project grant from Alzheimers Society UK. Outside the submitted work, RvH reports speaker fees from OrionPharma. Outside the submitted work, CW reports fees for patient recruitment as investigator of the Sedaconda study SED001, honoraria for a presentation on a symposium for Sedana medical AB, honoraria as board member of Digimed GmbH (quality insurance software), a leadership role as editor of the journal \u201cNotfall\u2009+\u2009Rettungsmedizin,\u201d and a leadership role as a member of the board of directors of the DIVI (German Association of Intensive Care Medicine). Outside the submitted work, MS reports grants from Edwards Lifescience, grants from Medtronic, personal fees from Georg Thieme Verlag, honoraria from Edwards Lifescience, honoraria from BTG, honoraria from OrionPharma, a leadership role as president of MJC Intensivmedizin UEMS, a leadership role as German representative of the European Board of Anesthesiology\/Section Anesthesiology of the UEMS, a member role of the ICU Subcom of ESAIC, a leadership role as corresponding author of S3-Leitlinie f\u00fcr die Intensivmedizin bei herzchirurgischen Patienten: H\u00e4modynamisches Monitoring und kardiopulmonales System, and a leadership role as Schriftf\u00fchrer Arbeitskreis Kardioan\u00e4sthesie der DGAI. Outside the submitted work, SKP reports participation on a data safety monitoring board for study German Clinical Trial Register DRKS 00021256, prospectively registered on 24.04.2020. Outside the submitted work, AT received consultation honoraria from Argenx and is a member of the medical advisory board of the German Myasthenia Society. BW reports a NEXT Start-up Grant from the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) related to the study; outside the submitted work, BW reports grants from Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss \/ Federal Joint Committee (G-BA)\u2014Innovationsfonds, consulting fees from OrionPharma, honoraria from Dr. F. K\u00f6hler Chemie, support for attending meetings and travel from Teladoc Health, a leadership role as ESICM NEXT Chair, a member role in the ESICM ARDS Guideline group, and a member role in the Covriin-Group of the Robert Koch Institute.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study adhered to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and its\u00a0later amendments. Ethical approval at the coordinating study site was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin (EA2\/022\/18) on March 23, 2018. Participating centers obtained IRB approval before study commencement as required by local regulations. Written consent or a waiver was subject to the decision of the local IRBs.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval\/Informed Consent"}}]}}