{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T04:08:47Z","timestamp":1794110927467,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurocrit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-023-01925-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T22:04:20Z","timestamp":1705961060000},"page":"109-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Risk, Predictive, and Preventive Factors for Noninfectious Ventriculitis and External Ventricular Drain Infection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Tzu-Fen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Kai","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Chang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Kai","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng-Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Hung","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Pei","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Min","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Kwang","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7020-1180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Hua","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1925_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/708531","volume":"2014","author":"S Hagel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hagel S, Bruns T, Pletz MW, Engel C, Kalff R, Ewald C. External ventricular drain infections: risk factors and outcome. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2014;2014: 708531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/708531.","journal-title":"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1925_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-007-1458-9","volume":"150","author":"D Hoefnagel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoefnagel D, Dammers R, Ter Laak-Poort MP, Avezaat CJ. Risk factors for infections related to external ventricular drainage. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2008;150(3):209\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-007-1458-9.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1925_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200207000-00024","volume":"51","author":"AP Lozier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lozier AP, Sciacca RR, Romagnoli MF, Connolly ES Jr. Ventriculostomy-related infections: a critical review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 2002;51(1):170\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006123-200207000-00024.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"1925_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/1941874416663281","volume":"7","author":"A Lewis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lewis A, Czeisler BM, Lord AS. Variations in strategies to prevent ventriculostomy-related infections: a practice survey. Neurohospitalist. 2017;7(1):15\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941874416663281.","journal-title":"Neurohospitalist"},{"issue":"6","key":"1925_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw861","volume":"64","author":"AR Tunkel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tunkel AR, Hasbun R, Bhimraj A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America\u2019s clinical practice guidelines for healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(6):e34\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciw861.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1925_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.1.Jns172486","author":"J Champey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Champey J, Mourey C, Francony G, et al. Strategies to reduce external ventricular drain-related infections: a multicenter retrospective study. J Neurosurg. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.1.Jns172486.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1925_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734156","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.734156","volume":"12","author":"F Khalaveh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khalaveh F, Fazel N, Mischkulnig M, et al. Risk factors promoting external ventricular drain infections in adult neurosurgical patients at the intensive care unit-a retrospective study. Front Neurol. 2021;12:734156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.734156.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1925_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.2.Jns192051","volume":"134","author":"A Sweid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sweid A, Weinberg JH, Abbas R, et al. Predictors of ventriculostomy infection in a large single-center cohort. J Neurosurg JNS. 2021;134(4):1218\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.2.Jns192051.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg JNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"1925_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.04.017","volume":"77","author":"JH Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim JH, Desai NS, Ricci J, et al. Factors contributing to ventriculostomy infection. World Neurosurg. 2012;77(1):135\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.04.017.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"1925_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.02.087","volume":"150","author":"KW Walek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Walek KW, Leary OP, Sastry R, Asaad WF, Walsh JM, Mermel L. Decreasing external ventricular drain infection rates in the neurocritical care unit: 12-year longitudinal experience at a single institution. World Neurosurg. 2021;150:e89\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.02.087.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1925_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2009.02256.x","volume":"64","author":"M Affronti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Affronti M, Mansueto P, Soresi M, et al. Low-grade fever: how to distinguish organic from non-organic forms. Int J Clin Pract. 2010;64(3):316\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2009.02256.x.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"1925_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.2.Jns192051","volume":"134","author":"A Sweid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sweid A, Weinberg JH, Abbas R, et al. Predictors of ventriculostomy infection in a large single-center cohort. J Neurosurg. 2020;134(3):1218\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.2.Jns192051.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1925_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.4.Peds08279","volume":"4","author":"A Desai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Desai A, Lollis SS, Missios S, et al. How long should cerebrospinal fluid cultures be held to detect shunt infections? Clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2009;4(2):184\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.4.Peds08279.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"1925_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10101246","author":"M Ramanan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramanan M, Shorr A, Lipman J. Ventriculitis: infection or inflammation. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics10101246.","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"1925_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3380-x","volume":"37","author":"I Torres","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torres I, Gim\u00e9nez E, Vinuesa V, et al. Matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis: a proof-of-principle study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018;37(12):2331\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3380-x.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1925_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113849","volume":"368","author":"MW Climo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Climo MW, Yokoe DS, Warren DK, et al. Effect of daily chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired infection. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(6):533\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1113849.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1925_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4002-7","volume":"19","author":"JS Musuuza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Musuuza JS, Guru PK, O\u2019Horo JC, et al. The impact of chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired bloodstream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4002-7.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1925_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.07.005","volume":"82","author":"S Karki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karki S, Cheng AC. Impact of non-rinse skin cleansing with chlorhexidine gluconate on prevention of healthcare-associated infections and colonization with multi-resistant organisms: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect. 2012;82(2):71\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.07.005.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"1925_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2010.07.011","volume":"39","author":"IF Btaiche","year":"2011","unstructured":"Btaiche IF, Kovacevich DS, Khalidi N, Papke LF. The effects of needleless connectors on catheter-related bloodstream infections. Am J Infect Control. 2011;39(4):277\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2010.07.011.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"1925_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-019-0277-7","volume":"7","author":"M Koeppen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koeppen M, Weinert F, Oehlschlaeger S, Koerner A, Rosenberger P, Haeberle HA. Needle-free connectors catheter-related bloodstream infections: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2019;7(1):63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-019-0277-7.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"issue":"5","key":"1925_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1177\/1757177416657164","volume":"17","author":"E Curran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Curran E. Needleless connectors: the vascular access catheter\u2019s microbial gatekeeper. J Infect Prev. 2016;17(5):234\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1757177416657164.","journal-title":"J Infect Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1925_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-022-01615-y","volume":"37","author":"CB Kinast","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kinast CB, Paal M, Liebchen U. Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid collection through the proximal and distal port below the overflow system from an external ventricular drain. Neurocrit Care. 2022;37(3):775\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-022-01615-y.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"}],"container-title":["Neurocritical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12028-023-01925-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12028-023-01925-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12028-023-01925-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T12:15:42Z","timestamp":1724415342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12028-023-01925-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-023-01925-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1541-6933","1556-0961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1541-6933","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-0961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical clearance for this research was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University Joint Institutional Review Board (approval number: N202210032; approval date: November 1, 2022).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval\/Informed Consent"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}