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This study aims to assess clinical variability among patients with ABI across six tertiary NCC units (NCCUs) in South Korea and evaluate center-specific effects on clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter registry of patients with ABI admitted to NCCUs between April 2023 and April 2024 was analyzed. A descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics across centers. Variability across centers was quantified using the average standardized mean difference (SMD) for key variables. Mixed-effects and fixed-effects models compared center-specific effects on 6- and 12-month functional outcomes (utility-weighted modified Rankin scale [mRS] score), in-hospital mortality, length of NCCU stay, and tracheostomy rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 1,125 patients, 202 (18.2%) had aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, 478 (42.5%) had intracerebral hemorrhage, and 442 (39.3%) had traumatic brain injury. The median Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 13 (interquartile range 7\u201315). Notable differences (SMD\u2009&gt;\u20090.2) were observed in premorbid mRS scores, initial clinical severity (e.g., GCS, pupillary response), treatment practices (e.g. intracranial pressure monitoring, vasospasm prophylaxis), and outcomes (e.g., 6-month mRS score). Hospital-specific effects did not significantly influence most outcomes; mixed-effects models showed no significant improvement in model fit for 6-month mRS scores (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.78), in-hospital mortality (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.99), length of NCCU stay (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.12), and tracheostomy rates (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.11), except for the 12-month mRS score (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant variability exists among patients with ABI across NCCUs in South Korea. Despite these differences, center-specific effects did not significantly influence key clinical outcomes closely related to NCCU care, suggesting that variability in outcomes may be more attributable to patient-level factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-025-02313-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T18:18:38Z","timestamp":1753208318000},"page":"810-823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Epidemiological Patterns and Variability in Acute Brain Injury: A Multicenter Registry Analysis in South Korea\u2019s Neurocritical Care Units"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Heewon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Hee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Hee","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Wan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bosco Seong Kyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimahn Alex","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Min","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Jin","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiwoong","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-1768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han-Gil","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Neurocritical Care Alliance for Research and Trials - Korea (NCART-KR)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2313_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-018-0601-1","volume":"29","author":"AM Moheet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moheet AM, Livesay SL, Abdelhak T, et al. 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